161 |
A comparison of export processing zones and industrial development zones in Africa : key factors for successMatthysen, Carlo 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: 'Our industrial development zones have not performed as we have expected - we
need to revisit the incentives that we give in these zones', says the deputy president
of South Africa, Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka (Business Report, 2005:
http://www.ecdc.co.za/media/article.asp?pageid=929). This statement raises 2
important questions. Firstly, how was the deputy president able to conclude that
these zones have underperformed and secondly, which incentives must South Africa
offer potential investors to turn around the fortunes of their programme?
To determine how performance can be measured, two investigations were consulted
to come up with a list of ten criteria against which export processing zones can be
measured to determine whether they have performed successfully or not. As experts
are of the opinion that industrial development zones run along similar lines to export
processing zones, these criteria could very easily be applied to measuring the
success of the former as well. The list includes:
• Location
• A politically and socially stable host country
• High business confidence
• Adequate infrastructure
• Incentives on offer and administrative set-up
• Employment creation
• Backward linkages and technology transfer
• Foreign exchange eamings
• The availability of a competitive labour force
• Market accessibility
By assessing the zones in Mauritius and Namibia in terms of these criteria, it
becomes clear why Schulze (1999: 182) states that Mauritius has become the
shining star on the horizon of successful export processing zones and why Tabby
Moyo (1999: 1), deputy news editor at The Namibian, is of the opinion that Namibia
has so far achieved dismal results. The South African industrial development zone
programme was started in the late 1990's and the zones - which are located at
Coega, East London, Richards Bay and the Johannesburg International airport -
have been in operation for too short a period to allow accurate conclusions to be
made about their performance in terms of the ten criteria listed above. However,
since their inception, these zones have attrac1ed less than R3.5-billion in planned
investments despite the government spending more than R4-billion on infrastructure
(www.eedc.co.zalmedia/article.asp?pageid=929).
To make these investment-starved zones more attractive to foreign investors, the
South African government and the National Treasury, in particular, will have to offer
potential investors a much more comprehensive incentive package. They need to:
• Review the tax incentives they offer;
• Maintain the country's general business;
• Make the country's labour laws more flexible;
• Increase the literacy rate of the labour force;
• Lower the cost of transport, energy and telecoms;
• Articulate a vision, build consensus around It and move to action this vision.
South Africa needs a world class industrial development zone programme as
Schulze (1999: 170) sums it up nicely when he says that free trade zones can indeed
contribute to domestic economic growth which will thereby help to alleviate the
country's dramatic unemployment rate in addition to enhancing foreign commerce,
generating additional foreign exchange and attracting foreign investment.
Improvements that South Africa can greatly benefit from. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'Our industrial development zones have not performed as we have expected - we
need to revisit the incentives that we give in these zones', verklaar die adjunkpresident
van Suid-Afrika, Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka (Business Report, 2005:
hltp:/lwww.ecdc.co.za/media/article.asp?pageid=929). Hierdie stelling wek twee
belangrike vrae. Eerstens, hoe was dit vir die adjunk-president moontlik om tot die
slotsom te kom dat hierdie sones onderpresteer en tweedens, watter tipe
aanmoedigingsmaatreels moet Suid Afrika aan potensiele beleggers bied om 'n
ommekeer in die voorspoed van die programme te bewerkstellig?
Twee ondersoeke is geraadpleeg ten einde vas te stel hoe prestasie gemeet kan
word. Hieruit is 'n Iys van tien kriteria bepaal waarteen uitvoerproseseringssones
gemeet kan word om vas te stel of hulle suksesvol presteer of nie. Aangesien
deskundiges van mening is dat nywerheidsontwikkelingssones op soortgelyke basis
as die van uitvoerproseseringssones funksioneer, kan hierdie kriteria ewe maklik
toegepas word om die sukses van die eersgenoemde te bepaal. Die Iys sluit die
volgende in:
• Ligging;
• 'n Politieke en sosiaal standvastige gasheerland;
• Hoe handelsvertroue;
• 'n Bevredigende infrastruktuur;
• Die aanbieding van aanmoedigingsmaatreels en 'n administratiewe opset;
• Werkskepping;
• Terugskakeling en tegnologiese oordrag;
• Buitelandse valuta inkomste;
• Die beskikbaarheid van 'n kompeterende werksmag;
• Toegang tot die mark.
Deur die sones in Mauritius en Namibia te evalueer na aanleiding van hierdie kriteria,
word dit duidelik waarom Schulze (1999:182) verklaar dat Mauritius die skynende
ster op die horison geword het van suksesvolle uitvoerproseseringssones en waarom
Tabby Moyo (1999:1), adjunk-redakteur vir The Namibian, van mening is dat Namibia
tot dusver uiters swak resultate behaal het. Die Suid Afrikaanse
nyweheidsontwikkelingssone program het in die laat 1990's begin en die sones -
Coega, Oos Londen, Richardsbaai en die Johannesburgse Internasionale Lughawe -
is nog vir te kort 'n periode in werking om 'n akkurate gevolgtrekking te maak van
hulle prestasie in terme van die voorafgenoemde tien kriteria. Nogtans, sedert hul
begin, het hierdie sones minder as R3.5b in beplande investering gelok ten spyte
daarvan dat die regering meer as R4b op infrastruktuur spandeer het
(www.eedc.co.za/media/article.asp?pageid=929).
Om hierdie beleggingshonger sones meer aanloklik te maak vir buitelandse
beleggers, sal veral die Suid Afrikaanse Regering en die Nasionale Tesourie 'n meer
omvattende aanmoedigingspakket aan potensiele beleggers moet bied. Hulle sal die
volgende moet doen:
• Die belastingsaanmoedigings wat hulle tans bied, te hersien;
• Die land se algemene sakebedryf te ondersteun;
• Arbiedswetgewing meer buigbaar maak;
• Die geletterdheid onder die ambagsmag te verhoog;
• Vervoer-, energie- en telekommunikasie koste te verlaag;
• 'n Visie artikuleer, konsensus daar random bou en hierdie visie tot aksie te
transformeer. Suid Afrika benodig 'n wereld-gehalte industriele ontwikkelingssone-program soos
wat Schulze (1999:170) goed opsom wanneer hy sê dat vrye handelsones inderdaad
kan bydra tot binnelandse ekonomies groei wat kan help om die land se dramatiese
werkloosheid syfer te verlaag asook om buitelandse handel te bevorder. Hierdeur
kan addisionele buitelandse valuta gegenereer word en buitelandse beleggings gelok
word. Suid-Afrika kan baie baat vind by hierdie verbeterings.
|
162 |
Assessment of Eritrean rural development projects and their impactsKidane Gerbremariam, T. 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Development, a non-ceasing phenomenon as long as mankind has dwelt on this planet, IS a
complex matter which encompasses the three bottom-lines, i.e. social, economic and
environmental aspects and aims at improving the quality of life. In fact, development issues are
always challenging countries and their leaders as they try to introduce strategies and projects to
benefit their rural sector which constitutes, especially in developing countries, most of the
population who are living in poverty and continuing to stagger in very destitute level.
One of these countries is Eritrea, a nation of which more than 80% live in rural areas and which
is rated one of the lowest twenty nations on the human development index (measurement of
literacy, health and life expectancy status) as well as the human poverty index of which 53% of
the population lived below national poverty line during the period of 1987 to 2000 (UNDP,
2002).
This paper is an attempt to discuss rural development and how it is being implemented in
relation to Eritrea's reconstructions and rehabilitation efforts that took place after its freedom
from foreign occupation. It is an assessment on the rural projects' planning and implementation
process, and eventually also looks at the impacts they have on the life of the beneficiaries.
As a whole, this research paper consists of an introduction and nine chapters. It can be classified
into five parts, i.e. the theoretical literature, the country's status in specific fields, the sample
research areas, an overall synthesis and lastly conclusions and recommendations as one part.
The theoretical background revolves around rural areas and their reasons for poverty, different
development theories within which rural development could be seen as one ingredient, and
focuses on participatory rural development where projects can play vital roles in changing life
style especially when they are managed in an integrated way touching main areas of need.
The second section of the paper is a general overview of the socio-economic status of Eritrea and
some of the efforts made by the government. These are mainly the health, education, water
supply, agriculture and darn construction projects, accomplished mainly by government in
partnership with domestic and foreign NGOs, whereas the same time people contributed mainly
in kind.
In relation to these five projects the researcher has drawn up questionnaires and personally filled
them in five villages, namely Sheeb, Ade-awhi, Korbariaya, Azien and Wara, while at the same
time holding discussions with the beneficiaries. In this section the assessment of the people's
state and their response in relation to the planning process as well as impacts of the projects on their lives have been made for every village. In other words, the chapter shows the practical data
analysis of the research.
The next is, in similar form, an overall synthesis of the research. The researcher weighs and
analyses the results in relation to planning issues, especially how far the people played a role in
participation and the extent of their influence as well as their contentment with the end result in
comparison to their expectations. Moreover, it investigates the projects' impact on the
environment, and their influence on the socio-economic lives of the beneficiaries, and then sees
how the projects have been managed at institutional level and whether the policies that are in
effect have direct influence on initiating rural development projects.
Finally some conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made that could be a benchmark
for further studies and provide impetus to accelerate the present rural development planning and
implementation. The researcher may have overlooked some necessary elements or missed some
basic factors in dealing the current way of initiating development. But with the resources were
available and the time at his disposal, while faced by the limitations explained in the introductory
section of the paper, the researcher has made some efforts to highlight his convictions to the best
of his academic ability. The sole purpose of his final statements is based on his wish for more
rural upliftment and long-term as well as sustainable benefit to the rural people of his country,
Eritrea. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ontwikkeling, 'n verskynsel wat nie ophou nie, bestaan al so lank as wat daar lewe op die
planeet bestaan. Dit is 'n ingewikkelde saak wat drie aspekte behels: die sosiale, ekonomiese en
omgewings aspekte en die doel daarvan is om lewensgehalte te verbeter. Ontwikkelingskwessies
stel 'n uitdaging aan die leiers van lande; die regerings moet stategië uitwerk en projekte van
stapel stuur wat die landelike sektor sal bevoordeel en veral in ontwikkelende lande, woon die
grootste gedeelte van die bevolking op die platteland waar hulle gebuk gaan onder armoede.
Eritrea is een van hierdie lande. 80% van die mense van Eritrea woon op die platteland. Etritrea
word gereken as een van die twintig onontwikkelste lande op die menslike ontwikkelings indeks
(wat geletterdheid, gesondheid en lewensverwagting meet) en ook op die menslike armoede
indeks. 53% van die bevolking het vir die tydperk 1987 tot 2000 onder die nasionale
armoedelyn geleef (UNDP, 2002).
In hierdie studie word landelike ontwikkeling bespreek en hoe dit geïmplementeer is tydens die
rekonstruksie en rehabilitasie pogings na die onafhanklikheid van Eritrea. Dit is 'n
waardebepaling van die beplanning en implementasie van die landelike projekte en kyk ook na
die impak wat dit op die lewens van die landelike bevolking gehad het.
In die geheel bestaan hierdie studie uit 'n inleiding en nege hoofstukke. Dit kan in vyf afdelings
ingedeel word: teoretiese literatuur, die stand van die land betreffende spesifieke gebiede, die
navorsingsgebiede, 'n oorsigtelike sintese en ten laaste die gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings.
In die teoretiese agtergrond gaan dit om die landelike gebiede en die redes vir armoede, asook
die ontwikkelingsteorië waarin landelike ontwikkeling gesien word as een bestandeel. Dit fokus
op deelnemende landelike ontwikkeling waarin projekte 'n belangrike rol kan speel om die
lewensgehalte te verbeter, veral as dit bestuur word op 'n geïntegreerde wyse en die grootste
behoeftes aanspreek.
Die tweede afdeling is 'n algemene oorsig van die sosio-ekonomiese stand van Eritrea en van die
regering se pogings om dit te verbeter. Die vyf projekte wat betudeer is, is gemoeid met
gesondheid, onderwys, water voorsiening, landbou en die konstruksie van damme. Die regering
het hierdie projekte onderneem in vennootskap met plaaslike en buitelandse nie-regerings
organisasies (NGOs) maar die bevolking self het ook 'n bydrae gemaak, gewoonlik in die vorm
van arbeid.
Met betrekking tot hierdie vyf projekte het die navorser vraelyste opgestel en dit persoonlik in
die vyf dorpies naamlik Sheeb, Ade-awhi, Korbariaya, Azien en Wara voltooi terwyl hy dan ook
besprekings met die bevolking gehou het. In hierdie afdeling word daar vir elke dorpie'n waardebepaling gedoen van die toestand van die mense en hulle reaksie op die
beplanningsproses asook die impak van die projek op hulle lewe.
Dan volg 'n oorsigtelike sintese van die navorsing. Die navorser weeg die resultate op en
analiseer dit veral betreffende beplanning en tot hoe verre die mense self 'n rol gespeel het,
hoeveel invloed hulle gehad het en of die resultaat aan hulle verwagtings voldoen. Die studie
kyk ook na die impak van die projek op die omgewing en die invloed wat dit gehad het op die
sosio-ekonomiese lewens van diegene wat veronderstel is om voordeel daaruit te trek. Daar word
gekyk na hoe die projekte op hoër vlak bestuur is en of regeringsbeleid 'n invloed het op die
beplanning van landelike ontwikkelingsprojekte.
Dan word gevolgtrekkings en aanbeveling gemaak wat tot nut kan wees vir ander navorsers en
kan lei tot beter en vinniger beplanning en implementasie van landelike ontwikkelings projekte.
Die navorser het dalk per abuis sekere elemente en basiese faktore oorgesien maar met die
hulpbronne en tyd tot sy beskikking asook die beperkings wat in die inleiding tot die studie
bespreek word, het hy sy oortuigings op skrif gestel tot die beste van sy vermoë. Hy hoop dat
sy aanbevelings sal lei tot groter landelike ontwikkeling op die lang termyn en dat die mense van
sy land, Eritrea, die volgehoue voordeel sal trek.
|
163 |
The science of determining norms for the planning and management of software development projectsBannister, H. C. 12 1900 (has links)
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Most people working in the software industry recognise that developing software to predictable schedules is risky and not easy. They experience problems to estimate how long the development of software will take. Underestimation leads to under staffing and setting too short a schedule. That in turn leads to staff burnout, low quality and missed deadlines. Overestimation can be almost as bad: Parkinson's Law that work expands to fill available time comes into action, which means the project will take as long as estimated even if overestimated. Currently people do no put in much effort to estimate jobs and therefore projects take as long as they take. Methods to manage uncertainty lead to putting in excessive safety and then wasting it. Business usually presents a target for the project with tremendous pressure for low 'estimates' during the bidding process and in the end this target becomes the plan. Best practice appears to manage the gap between this target and the estimate as a risk on the project. Without an efficient work breakdown structure (WBS) one cannot accurately estimate. Subject experts should help the project manager to plan the detail of how the work should be done. A functional design by a systems architect helps to break down the technical tasks. This is very important because omitted tasks will not be estimated for. The first step towards sound estimates is to estimate the size. This is extremely difficult at the initial phase but can be overcome if the company store history of size and completion time in a repository. Although lines of code are most often used as a size measure, function points or function blocks appear to be better, especially for the initial estimate. If an organisation has not kept historic data, now is the time to start doing it. The suggested procedure to follow before starting to gather information, is to define what is going to be kept (the norms), to delimit the defined data, to discipline the collection, to deposit it in an established repository and to deliver it in readily usable format. The tool used for storing these metrics must provide building in factors that influence effort like complexity, skills level, elapsed time, staff turnover, etc. There are many different techniques for estimation. The best option seems to use a combination of estimates and include developer opinion and a mathematical method like function point analysis. Estimation of software development, like all other work processes, need management control and this is called metrics management. This process includes establishing some kind of modeL Empirical models, based on a database with data stored by ones own company, give the best results. Two very good models are the Putnam model and the Parr model (for smaller projects). Even the best model and process is never perfect. Therefore the estimation process must be continuously monitored by comparing actual duration times to estimates. Be careful with feedback on how accurate estimates were. No feedback is the worst response. Carefully discussing the implications of underestimation and putting heads together to solve the problem appears to be the best solution. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die meeste mense in die sagteware industrie erken dat om sagteware te ontwikkel teen voorspelbare tydskedules, gevaar inhou en nie maklik is nie. Hulle ondervind probleme om te skat hoe lank die ontwikkeling van sagteware hulle gaan neem. Onderskatting lei tot te min hulpbronne en te kort skedules. Dit veroorsaak uitbrand van mense, lae kwaliteit en einddatums wat nie gehaal word nie. Oorskatting is byna net so erg. Parkinson se Wet dat werk geskep word om beskikbare tyd te vul, kom in aksie en aan die einde beteken dit die projek neem so lank as wat geskat is, selfs al is dit oorskat. Huidiglik doen mense nie veel moeite om tyd te skat op take nie en daarom neem projekte so lank as wat dit neem om te voltooi. Metodes om onsekerheid te bestuur lei tot die byvoeg van oormatige veiligheidstyd net om dit daarna weer te verkwis. Die besigheid verskaf gewoonlik 'n mikpunt vir die projek met geweldige druk vir lae skattings tydens bieery en op die ou end raak hierdie mikpunt die projekplan. Die beste manier om dit die hoof te bied is om die gaping tussen hierdie mikpunt en die skatting te bestuur as 'n projek risiko. Niemand kan akkuraat skat sonder 'n effektiewe metode van werk afbreek nie. Vakkundiges behoort die projekbestuurder te help om die detail van hoe die werk gedoen gaan word, te beplan. 'n Funksionele ontwerp deur 'n stelselsargitek help om die tegniese take verder af te breek. Dit is baie belangrik aangesien take wat uitgelaat word, nie in die skatting ingesluit gaan word nie. Die eerste stap om by gesonde skattings uit te kom, is om grootte te skat. Dit is besonder moeilik in die aanvanklike fase, dog kan oorkom word indien die maatskappy geskiedenis stoor van hoe groot voltooide take was en hoe lank dit geneem het. Alhoewel Iyne kodering die mees algemeenste vorm van meting van grootte is, Iyk dit asof funksie punte of funksie blokke beter werk, veral by die aanvanklike skatting. Indien 'n organisasie nie historiese data stoor nie, is dit nou die tyd om daarmee te begin. Die voorgestelde prosedure om te volg voordat informasie gestoor word, is om te definieer wat gestoor gaan word (norme te bepaal), om die data af te baken, dissipline toe te pas by die insameling, dit te stoor in 'n gevestigde databasis en dit beskikbaar te stel in bruikbare formaat. Die instrument wat gebruik word om hierdie syfers te stoor moet voorsiening maak vir die inbou van faktore wat produksie beinvloed, soos kompleksiteit, vlak van vaardigheid, verstreke tyd, personeel omset, ens. Daar bestaan menige verskillende tegnieke vir skatting. Die beste opsie blyk 'n kombinasie van skattings te wees. Die opinie van die programmeur asook een wiskundige metode soos funksie punt analise, behoort deel te wees hiervan. Soos alle ander werksprosesse, moet skattings vir sagteware ontwikkeling ook bestuur word en dit word metrieke bestuur genoem. Hierdie proses behels dat daar besluit moet word op een of ander model. Empiriese modelle gebaseer op 'n databasis waarin data gestoor word deur die maatskappy self, gee die beste resultate. Twee baie goeie modelle is die Putnam model en die Parr model (vir kleiner projekte). Selfs die beste model en proses is egter nooit perfek nie. Die estimasie proses moet dus voortdurend gemonitor word deur werklike tye met geskatte tye te vergelyk. Wees versigtig met terugvoer aangaande hoe akkuraat skattings was. Geen terugvoer is die ergste oortreding. Die beste oplossing skyn te wees om die implikasie van die onderskatting met die persoon wat die skatting gedoen het, te bespreek en koppe bymekaar te sit om die probleem op te los.
|
164 |
Case study of how a project is proposed for possible inclusion in China's seventh five-year plan, 1986-1990楊潤財, Yeung, Yun-choi. January 1986 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration
|
165 |
Global project management : developing system solutions in a multi-organizational environmentLilliesköld, Joakim January 2002 (has links)
<p>The traditional view of project management is beingchallenged by the globalization of markets, mergers ofinternational companies, and the integration of managerial andbusi-ness processes in global corporations. The development ofInformation Technology and the rapid growth of the Internet hascreated an opportunity to utilize global resources, resultingin new and unique problems within project management researchthat need to be addressed.</p><p>This thesis focuses on problems in project managementexperienced by global system suppliers trying to adapt theirbusinesses to the rapid changes of customers needs. Itespe-cially focuses on geographically dispersed organizationsconsisting of several organizations in different countries,with disparate history and corporate culture, developing anddeliver-ing complex systems under the company's name.</p><p>In order to identify potential problems faced by globalmulti-organizational companies, especially system supplierswith large research and development (R&D) budgets, aframe-work is suggested. This framework divides the problemsinto three categories: geographi-cal, organizational andcultural. The problems identified in the case studies are thenclassi-fied to these categories. Finally, a description of howthe identified problems can be man-aged is provided when themost important success factors identified in the studies arepresented.</p><p> </p> / QC 20100512
|
166 |
Barriers to external knowledge transfer between Sweden and Uganda : A c a s e ab o u t d e v e l o pme n t p r o j e c t sKirumira, Tony Mark January 2009 (has links)
<p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Problem: </strong>The desire for development in less privileged countries like Uganda has created the need for the privileged countries like Sweden to embark on external knowledge transfer through different projects, as one of the objectives to achieve development. However, some factors tend to limit the success of this external knowledge transfer process.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this research is to find out the factors that lead to the barriers and limitations of knowledge transfer in development projects. Since there are differences in objectives between nonprofit and profit making projects, the research is also aimed at highlighting the extent to which the affecting factors hinder the achievement of objectives and goals. <strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Qualitative methods were used in this research. Telephone interviews were conducted after sending questionnaires to four respondents from different organizations that were actively involved in the projects. In order to have balanced results, two respondents each from Uganda and Sweden were interviewed. Trustworthiness and ethical issues were put into consideration while conducting the interviews, in a bid to create a desirable atmosphere for conducting the study.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Result: </strong>External knowledge transfer is affected by factors like culture, individual factors, and knowledge management factors. Apart from the mentioned factors, research found that instead of organizational factors that would affect profit making projects to a greater extent, factors like the political will, ownership and local needs are the ones that affect development projects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The factors that affect the external knowledge transfer process are to a greater extent human, and are controllable. In development projects, the recipient country should identify the needs that would initiate the external knowledge transfer process. Most of the affecting factors would be controlled through building of relationships and strong ties, local ownership, and political considerations. All this put into consideration, external knowledge transfer between developed and developing countries stand a high chance to succeed.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p>
|
167 |
The social impact of community based targeting mechanisms for safety nets : a qualitative study of the targeted agricultural input subsidy programme in Malawi.Mgemezulu, Overtoun Placido. January 2008 (has links)
Community based targeting mechanism has been widely utilized in the delivery of relief
interventions and safety nets. In developing countries like Malawi the approach has been
championed as the most effective and efficient way of reaching the most vulnerable. However,
very little is known on how community based targeting mechanism actually works. Using the
Agriculture Input Subsidy programme as a case study, the thesis attempts to explore whether
community based targeting lives to its billing of enhancing social capital. The purpose of the
study was to examine community perceptions and experiences about community based
targeting approach and how it affects social relations and collective actions in the community.
The results demonstrate that while communities have the knowledge and capacity to target the
most vulnerable, the approach is largely a top down process. The choice on whether to target
or not is a delicate balance of social, economic and political factors. Communities largely
participate to fulfil or comply with official requirements so that they can cash in from the
benefits. However, given a choice communities would largely share resources equally to
prevent social costs. Consequently, a targeted programme at national level becomes a
universal programme at community level since benefits are largely shared to all community
members. The role and influence of social factors in the community based targeting has been
largely underestimated in the targeting literature. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008.
|
168 |
The role and effectiveness of development aid as perceived by NGOs in KwaZulu-Natal.Dlamini, Duduzile. January 2008 (has links)
Since the end of the Cold War, the global development aid scene has evolved rapidly. At the heart of the changing world order is civil society and in particular NGOs, that are tasked to fill in the developmental gaps left by the state in retreat. Likewise, the abundance of foreign funds has also led to a dramatic growth of NGOs in both industrialized and developing countries. Philanthropy, at least in theory, has played a crucial role in addressing the global and regional causes of poverty and in advancing development. In South Africa, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) became visible in the 1980's as these organisations played a pivotal role in the provision of welfare services to communities who were largely neglected by the apartheid regime. However, the transition to democracy in the early 1990s significantly affected the NGO sector. Development aid was mainly channelled to the democratic government; meanwhile NGOs had to diversify funding sources. This situation resulted in uncertainties as NGOs had to compete for limited funds. Many NGOs had to reshape their activities in order to survive the turbulence. The various literatures uncover that, many NGOs became donor-driven as they surrendered their autonomy, very few NGOs managed to adhere to their core business in order to best serve their constituencies. This study explores the perceptions of KwaZulu Natal NGOs regarding the role and effectiveness of development aid, using comparative case study method. The intention in using this method is to compare experiences and opinions of different-size NGOs on how they survive the transition, more than ten years in the post-Apartheid South Africa. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2008.
|
169 |
The Harambee Movement and its Effects on Kenya's Economic DevelopmentMoga, Mary M. 05 1900 (has links)
This paper examines the Harambee Movement and how it affected Kenya's economic development. Before 1963 Kenya was a British colony and economic development favored the colonial government. At Independence the new government tried to restructure the economy for the Kenyan people. Recognizing the lack of adequate capital and a rural development program, the movement became a means by which people could provide services for themselves. These services included schools, technical training, water supply and health facilities. Sources of data were books, articles, government publications and papers published by the Institute of Development Studies, Nairobi University. The Harambee Movement flourished in the provision of educational opportunities, clean water supply and health facilities. Problems included planning, coordinating and duplication of services.
|
170 |
French bilateral development aid to agriculture in francophone sub-Saharan Africa 1960-198008 September 2015 (has links)
D.Phil. / This study examines the background, the execution and the consequences of French agricultural development aid to thirteen former French colonies in sub-Saharan Africa. The period under analysis is 1960 to 1980. In a continent which experienced an overall downward trend in per capita agricultural production during this period, despite adequate natural resources and higher aid allocations than other parts of the Third World, it is felt that lessons can be learnt from French aid which was consistent and geographically concentrated. The accent of the study lies on improved understanding of French agricultural aid in francophone sub-Saharan Africa as a whole. It does not assess the impact of French aid on agricultural development at country level ...
|
Page generated in 0.0735 seconds