The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the reciprocal direct relationship between political regimes, political instability and economic growth. However, there is a lack of fit between the political and economic science especially when it comes to political determinants of economic growth. Thus, this thesis sheds further light on the question: To what extent do political regimes and their stability affects economic performance with reference to 20 Western European countries. A panel regression analysis is employed, by adopting multiple measures of government performance. The findings suggest that political regimes have an effect on economic growth and this effect is not directly dependent upon the broader governmental structure and political environment. This thesis further examines the puzzle of the nature between political instability and economic growth in Western Europe, by using both a more comprehensive measure of political instability than has previously been developed, and Greek growth cycles form 1919 to 2008 as a case to explore the nature of the researched issue. The findings propose that the relationship between political instability (PI) and economic growth is parabolic and fragile. Furthermore, this thesis supports the intuition that political instability can slow economic growth through increasing uncertainty in economic policies. The results illustrate that economic growth and political instability are jointly determined and that governmental changes plays no significant role on economic growth (with exceptions in the case study), especially after extended spells of political stability. It appears that what matters is the longevity of the polity itself and the specific forms of political instability. Moreover, by using Greece as a case, this thesis shows that there is a strong negative link between political instability and the volatility of the economic outcomes.

<p>The purpose of this essay is to illustrate the debate of water politics and privatisation of water distribution. My method is debate analysis and qualitative idea analysis and for my essay I used three books that try to persuade the reader that his or her idea is the best for this water crisis. My main question is to illustrate the debate concerning water privatisations. I will also look at the arguments for or against privatisations and finally determine how the authors think the state should act towards this subject. The first book I used was Vandana Shivas “Water Wars” that when published started an international discussion about the water privatisations. The next book was Ann-Christin Sjölander Hollands book “Vatten rättighet eller handelsvara?” who just like Shiva is negative against market solutions. The third book was “Vatten till salu” by Fredrik Segerfeldt. He is positive to both privatisations and deregulations in the public sector. Shiva considers trans national companies one of the biggest enemies for the development countries and a source for this problem. Her opinion is that agreements like GATS only benefit the already rich. The solution for the water crisis in her opinion is to legislate against foreign companies right to operate in poor countries. Her wish is to keep the water distribution in the state or towns own hands. Sjölander Holland dislike big companies as well but her opinion are that a privatisation can work if the contract with the state is well designed without corruption. However the state should handle water delivery, not companies thirsting for economical gain. Segerfeldt disagrees totally with these opinions and his firm believe is something has to be done. This is to let companies in to the water market and take over with their special knowledge and technology. My conclusion is that something has to be done, but it is not to let the companies set the agenda. Instead the United Nations and its sub-organisations should change the terms for their loans and make sure they sponsor water investments instead of arms. The solution for this problem is not purely market or state distribution, rather a good combination of both.</p>

Jméno a příjmení autora: Bc. Kamila Kačmáčková Název bakalářské práce: Software approaches for development hygiene and sanitation in developing countries and influencing factors Katedra: sociální geografie a regionálního rozvoje Vedoucí bakalářské práce: Doc. RNDr. Josef Novotný, Ph.D. Rok obhajoby: 2015 Abstrakt The subject of this master thesis are software approaches for development right sanitation behavior. First part - theoretical describes hygiene and sanitation section and specific type of development projects - software approaches. Practical part of the thesis based on the systematic review describes external factors influencing sanitation behaviors. Result is summary of influencing external factors categorized into five groups: socio-cultural, economic, political, and physical-geographic and factors of current sanitation conditions Keywords Hygiene and sanitation, development countries, software approaches, behavior change, factors, context

This report is a thesis in mechanical engineering with a focus on development assistance. The thesis was carried out in collaboration with the Gombe Youth Development Organization. The task was to develop an adequate system to collect, purify and store water in the two rural villages Gombe and Kayunga in Uganda. The system takes into account local weather, water quality, population, water consumption and types of water sources. The final system has a low manufacturing cost, simple maintenance, low operating cost, is electrical independent and can be manufactured and repaired with local available components. The report presents various types of sources of water and purification of varying suitability for these conditions. The report also includes operation and maintenance manual and an approximate budget. The result of this work is a combined system of rainwater harvesting, flocculation and one "up flow" rapid sand filter with built-in storage tank. Given that only rainwater collection is not enough to cover a normal sized family of 10 individuals consumption of water, due to this water from natural sources is also used. / Den här rapporten är ett examensarbete i maskinteknik med inriktning mot bistånd. Examensarbetet utfördes i samarbete med Gombe Youth Development Organization. Uppgiften bestod i att ta fram ett lämpligt system för att samla in, rena och lagra vatten i de två byarna Gombe och Kayunga på Ugandas landsbygd. Systemet tar hänsyn till lokalt väder, vattenkvalité, population, vattenkonsumtion och typer av vattenkällor. Det slutliga systemet har låg tillverkningskostnad, är lätt att underhålla, har låg driftskostnad, är inte beroende av elektricitet och kan tillverkas och repareras av lokalt tillgängliga komponenter. Rapporten presenterar olika typer av insamlingskällor av dricksvatten och metoder för rening med varierande lämplighet för dessa förutsättningar. Rapporten innefattar även drift- och underhållsmanual och en ungefärlig budget. Resultatet av arbetet är ett system kombinerat av regnvatteninsamling, flockning och ett ”up flow” snabbt sandfilter med inbyggd förvaringstank. Med tanke på att endast regnvatteninsamling inte räcker till för att täcka behovet för en normalstor familj på 10 personer, kommer även vatten från naturliga källor även att användas.

<p>This report is a thesis in mechanical engineering with a focus on development assistance. The thesis was carried out in collaboration with the Gombe Youth Development Organization.</p><p>The task was to develop an adequate system to collect, purify and store water in the two rural villages Gombe and Kayunga in Uganda. The system takes into account local weather, water quality, population, water consumption and types of water sources.</p><p>The final system has a low manufacturing cost, simple maintenance, low operating cost, is electrical independent and can be manufactured and repaired with local available components.</p><p>The report presents various types of sources of water and purification of varying suitability for these conditions. The report also includes operation and maintenance manual and an approximate budget.</p><p>The result of this work is a combined system of rainwater harvesting, flocculation and one "up flow" rapid sand filter with built-in storage tank. Given that only rainwater collection is not enough to cover a normal sized family of 10 individuals consumption of water, due to this water from natural sources is also used.</p> / <p>Den här rapporten är ett examensarbete i maskinteknik med inriktning mot bistånd. Examensarbetet utfördes i samarbete med Gombe Youth Development Organization.</p><p>Uppgiften bestod i att ta fram ett lämpligt system för att samla in, rena och lagra vatten i de två byarna Gombe och Kayunga på Ugandas landsbygd. Systemet tar hänsyn till lokalt väder, vattenkvalité, population, vattenkonsumtion och typer av vattenkällor.</p><p>Det slutliga systemet har låg tillverkningskostnad, är lätt att underhålla, har låg driftskostnad, är inte beroende av elektricitet och kan tillverkas och repareras av lokalt tillgängliga komponenter.</p><p>Rapporten presenterar olika typer av insamlingskällor av dricksvatten och metoder för rening med varierande lämplighet för dessa förutsättningar. Rapporten innefattar även drift- och underhållsmanual och en ungefärlig budget.</p><p>Resultatet av arbetet är ett system kombinerat av regnvatteninsamling, flockning och ett ”up flow” snabbt sandfilter med inbyggd förvaringstank. Med tanke på att endast regnvatteninsamling inte räcker till för att täcka behovet för en normalstor familj på 10 personer, kommer även vatten från naturliga källor även att användas.</p>

The purpose of this essay is to illustrate the debate of water politics and privatisation of water distribution. My method is debate analysis and qualitative idea analysis and for my essay I used three books that try to persuade the reader that his or her idea is the best for this water crisis. My main question is to illustrate the debate concerning water privatisations. I will also look at the arguments for or against privatisations and finally determine how the authors think the state should act towards this subject. The first book I used was Vandana Shivas “Water Wars” that when published started an international discussion about the water privatisations. The next book was Ann-Christin Sjölander Hollands book “Vatten rättighet eller handelsvara?” who just like Shiva is negative against market solutions. The third book was “Vatten till salu” by Fredrik Segerfeldt. He is positive to both privatisations and deregulations in the public sector. Shiva considers trans national companies one of the biggest enemies for the development countries and a source for this problem. Her opinion is that agreements like GATS only benefit the already rich. The solution for the water crisis in her opinion is to legislate against foreign companies right to operate in poor countries. Her wish is to keep the water distribution in the state or towns own hands. Sjölander Holland dislike big companies as well but her opinion are that a privatisation can work if the contract with the state is well designed without corruption. However the state should handle water delivery, not companies thirsting for economical gain. Segerfeldt disagrees totally with these opinions and his firm believe is something has to be done. This is to let companies in to the water market and take over with their special knowledge and technology. My conclusion is that something has to be done, but it is not to let the companies set the agenda. Instead the United Nations and its sub-organisations should change the terms for their loans and make sure they sponsor water investments instead of arms. The solution for this problem is not purely market or state distribution, rather a good combination of both.

The present thesis tries to Czech readers familiar with the concepts of development cooperation and development education in Spain, focusing on the practical implementation of development education by NGOs in Valencia. In the theoretical part are gradually presented the basic historical and political bases of both concepts and the reader is acquainted with the institutional prerequisites for their implementation in Spain. The empirical part contains the results of the analysis of interviews with representatives of NGOs in Valencia, which realize the practical development educational activities in elementary and secondary schools. The text is supplemented with illustrative graphs and tables, and includes examples of typical responses of respondents which contribute to the understanding and interpretation of the text. The final section includes a discussion of applied research methods and critical evaluation of the results that were presented in the empirical part.