Aborder sous l’angle sociologique la criminalité financière conduit à relever les incomplétudes d’un traitement juridique, élaboré à partir d’un cadre répressif comme réponse aux crimes et délits commis, et économique, construit sur le rapport coût-bénéfice – risque. L’approche sociologique, permettant au contraire le développement d’une démarche syncrétique, oriente la compréhension de la nature des interactions entre l’acteur criminel -agent -et son environnement socio-économique. Cette thèse repose sur quatre hypothèses fondamentales. La criminalité financière est la résultante de déviances individuelles. Elle est le stade ultime du capitalisme financier. Elle se développe à partir de la manipulation de l’information financière. La lutte contre ce fléau constitue un enjeu de civilisation. La démonstration de ces hypothèses repose sur une double approche, empirique et pratique. L’approche empirique vise à étudier les principaux acteurs criminogènes. Les enquêtes de terrain auprès de magistrats, syndicalistes, agents des impôts, experts-comptables,commissaires aux comptes, universitaires permettent la validation des hypothèses de base et la perception des difficultés pérennes pour lutter efficacement contre cette criminalité de type intellectuel. La première partie de la thèse demeure consacrée à une approche socio-normative de la criminalité financière dans le but d’élaborer une réflexion théorique sur les moyens à mettre en oeuvre pour comprendre la portée des atteintes subies par la collectivité. En conséquence, le premier axe se construit autour d’une « démarche épistémologique en matière de criminalité financière » (Chapitre 1). Le second développe les principales atteintes à l’intégrité de l’économie de la confiance (Chapitre 2). La deuxième partie de la thèse se poursuit par une connaissance des agents et acteurs impliqués dans la construction d’opérations de criminalité financière. La criminalité financière ne saurait se concevoir sans l’action d’agents intimement convaincus de la justification d’un enrichissement absolu et sans cause (chapitre 3). Aborder ces acteurs, au sens juridique du terme, facilite la compréhension avec laquelle sont commis ces délits particuliers. Ces personnes physiques sont-elles des déviants économiques isolés ? L’analyse de leurs caractéristiques et parcours propres conduit à mettre en évidence la spécificité de ces grandes figures de la criminalité financière (chapitre 4). Cette approche permet d’explorer les raisons pour lesquelles ces agents criminogènes ne sont pas isolés lorsqu’ils s’insèrent dans des groupements de personnes à vocation criminelle (chapitre 5). Bénéficiant de complicité d’acteurs institutionnels contribuant indirectement à l’émergence de la criminalité financière (chapitre 6), ils donnent aux crimes financiers une dimension dépassant largement la responsabilité individuelle de leurs auteurs. Enfin, la troisième partie de la thèse développe concrètement des pistes pour résoudre le dilemme qu’une économie criminogène fait subir à une collectivité donnée. Utilisant à la fois des techniques d’enquêtes classiques et des raisonnements sociologiques s’inspirant de plusieurs courants de pensée en sciences sociales, l’analyse des actes de criminalité financière (chapitre 7) conduit à souligner l’importance du rôle des acteurs en charge de la lutte contre ce fléau (chapitre 8). Leurs témoignages débouchent sur la mise en perspective de propositions de lutte contre la criminalité financière dont on examinera les conditions de possibilité (chapitre 9). / The sociological perspective of financial crime not only reveals the inherent shortcomings of basing its legal treatment on a repressive framework and its economic treatment on a cost/benefit ratio, but by favouring a more syncretic approach, also helps clarify the nature of interactions between criminal actors and their socioeconomic environment. This thesis is based on four fundamental hypotheses. Financial crime is the result of individual deviant behaviour. It is the last stage of financial capitalism. It arises from the manipulation of financial information. The struggle against this scourge represents achallenge to civilisation. The demonstration of these hypotheses is based on a dual empirical and practical approach.The empirical approach aims to study the key criminal actors. Fieldwork interviews with magistrates, union members, tax officers, expert accountants, auditors and academics validate both the fundamental hypotheses and long-term difficulties involved in waging an effective battle against this type of intellectual crime. The first part of the thesis takes a socio-normative approach to financial crime with a view to developing a theoretical reflection on the means to be implemented to gauge the extent of damage to the community. Thus, the first area of research builds on an “epistemological approach to financial crime” (Chapter 1). The second studies the implications of the damaged integrity of the trust economy (Chapter 2).The second part of the thesis seeks to gain an insight into agents and actors involved in organising financial criminal activities. Such crime is only conceivable when agents firmly believe that they are entitled to absolute and unjust enrichment (Chapter 3). Taking a legal approach to these actors helps understand how these particular crimes are committed. Arethey isolated economic deviants? By analysing their characteristics and history, the specificity of major financial criminals is highlighted (Chapter 4). This approach identifies the reasons why these criminal agents are not isolated when they collude with criminally-minded groups (Chapter 5). They benefit from the complicity of institutional actors, who indirectly contributeto the emergence of financial crime, (Chapter 6), and give financial crime a dimension which goes far beyond the individual responsibility of the perpetrators. Finally, the third part of the thesis develops concrete proposals to resolve the dilemma inflicted by the criminal economy on a given community. Using both traditional fieldwork techniques and sociological reasoning drawn from various bodies of thought in social sciences, acts of financial crime are analysed, (Chapter 7) revealing the important role played by those leading the fight against this scourge (Chapter 8). Their testimonies lead to anevaluation of proposals for combating financial crime and their conditions of possibility (Chapter 9).

Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom(IPS) / Positive organisational practices are actions performed by employees within the workplace that enhance worker and organisational wellness. In identifying positively deviant organisations, specific positive practices within the organisation were studied as an online desk research. This study is based on a backdrop of a study by Cameron et al. (2011) where the authors theorise about certain positive practices, but do not stipulate actual practices. In understanding what these positive practices look like, the study used the interpretive paradigm. Through qualitative inquiry, thematic analysis was used to expand the understanding of manifest positive practices in organisations. The researcher used two significant ways of gathering the data, both through the internet; looking up "top" and "happiest" companies to work for as well as looking at the International Positive Psychology Association (IPPA) Network online resources and Michigan Ross School of Business online page. All of the data gathered (150 pieces) was from secondary internet / online sources. The results generated 13 themes, of which five stood out as most salient: social interactions at work, inclusivity of all differences, mindfulness, transparent/open communication and creativity/innovation. The study concludes by identifying similarities between Cameron et al. (2011) and the study results, and proposes a link between 11 of the themes. Furthermore, the results suggest that seven of the study’s practices coincide with one particular practice from Cameron et al. (2011): ‘inspiring’ others in the workplace. The significance of the study includes the expanded understanding of positive organisational (manifest) practices that take place in positively deviant organisations. By comparing and contrasting these practices with the Cameron et al. (2011) positive practices, similarities were found. Recommendations for future research are offered.

The types and frequency of deviance. and the relationship between deviance and factors in the pre-Intermountain. Intermountain. and post- Intermountain experiences were studied using the male population of the 1964 graduating class at Intermountain School, Brigham City, Utah. Among the important findings are the following. Of 233 total deviant acts. 8'4 were time schedule violations and 66 were drinking and drinking-related violations. The quantitative pattern of deviance was about the same during the sophomore and junior years and then decreased during the senior year. There was an inverse relationship between family size and deviance. The lowest average deviance rate occurred among those students whose parents were living together. The students who started school at ages six to seven had the lowest average deviance rate. There' was a negative correlation between grade point average and degree-of deviance. Deviants had higher average scores than non-deviants on ten of twenty characteristics evaluated by counselors and teachers. The former Intermountain students with the highest' post-high school productive activity scores also had the highest high school average deviance rate.

Stress and strain impact our ability to achieve success in the goals we set. To understand the stress process better, this study uses a survey of undergraduates in order to 1) identify types of stressful experiences, 2) understand the mediating role of negative emotions, 3) evaluate how stress and emotions are related to student involvement in alcohol and drug use and self injury. In addition to such analyses, the present study investigates the extent to which these pathologies (i.e., from strain to emotions and behaviors) vary by gender. The general strain theory (GST) serves as a theoretical framework for the present study; however, composite measures have failed to identify which particular strains are more strongly or weakly linked to delinquency (Agnew 2001) and how the effects of such unique types of strain vary by gender and other social categories. Data were collected by administering an 87-item survey to a sample of approximately 820 college undergraduates at a medium-sized university located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to measure the relationships among social categories, strain, negative emotions, and deviant behaviors. Findings suggest that a) females experience higher levels of strain, b) most strains are associated with at least one outcome, c) anger and depression mediate some of the effects of strain on negative outcomes, and d) gender moderates the effect of negative emotions on self injury, alcohol, and drug use.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-116). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Šeima – svarbiausia terpė, kurioje vaikas gali sėkmingai augti ir vystytis. Tai yra pirmoji aplinka, perteikianti tam tikrus elgesio modelius, kuriuos įsisąmonina ir perima vaikas. Pripažįstama, kad šeimoje formuojasi ne tik socialus, bet ir asocialus vaikų elgesys, kuris yra smerkiamas, nepriimtinas ir traktuojamas kaip deviantinis. Šeimoje yra gana daug nepalankių asmenybės formavimosi sąlygų. Tenka pripažinti, kad nepilnamečių deviantinio elgesio formavimuisi turi įtakos šeimos tipas ir aplinka. Išsiaiškinta, kad nepriimtinu elgesiu pasižymintys vaikai yra ne tik iš socialinės rizikos, nedarnių bei struktūriškai nepilnų šeimų, bet ir iš darnių bei emigrantų šeimų, kurios Lietuvoje yra pakankamai mažai tyrinėtos. Nepageidaujamas vaikų elgesys gali atsirasti ir dėl tėvų auklėjimo klaidų. Tėvų ir vaikų tarpusavio santykiai, bausmių pobūdis bei jų griežtumas, netinkama vaikų elgesio kontrolė ir priežiūra neabejotinai sąlygoja deviantinio elgesio formavimąsi. Akivaizdu, kad kuo daugiau nepalankių veiksnių vienu metu veikia vaiko asmenybę, tuo didesnė elgesio nukrypimų tikimybė. Todėl savaime suprantama, kad deviantinio elgesio pamatas yra šeima, prie kurio vėliau prisijungia mokykla, draugai, žiniasklaida ir kt. Magistro baigiamajame darbe, remiantis moksline literatūra, Lietuvos teisės aktais, statistikos bei ESPAD tyrimų duomenimis, supažindinama su deviantinio elgesio samprata, pateikiama nepilnamečių deviantinio elgesio apraiškos Lietuvos visuomenėje bei išanalizuojama... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Family is the most important environment for the successful growth and development of the child. It is the first environment transmitting particular behaviour models which the child assimilates and takes over. It is accepted that family influences not only social behaviour but asocial one as well, which is denounced, unacceptable and treated as deviant. There are distinguished a lot of unfavourable personality development conditions in the family. It must be admitted that the type and environment of the family may influence the formation of the teenagers’ deviant behaviour. It was ascertained that children whose behaviour is unacceptable commonly come from asocial, problematic, disharmonious and not full in structure families. Also it should be admitted that the formation of deviant personality is influenced by the family of emigrants, but there are few analyses in this sphere in Lithuania. Unwanted behaviour may also appear because of the parents’ upbringing mistakes. The formation of deviant behaviour is influenced by the relationships between parents and children, the kind of punishment and its severity, inappropriate control of child’s behaviour. It is obvious that the more unfavourable factors influence the child’s personality at one time; the bigger chance of the deviant behaviour appears. Consequently, the basis of the deviant behaviour comes from the family, and later this behaviour is influenced by school, friends, mass media and etc. In this final master’s work with... [to full text]

The present research examined the impact of two dimensions of friends' and parents' influence (relationship quality and deviance) on adolescent deviance. Friends' deviance is a consistent correlate of adolescent deviance, yet the quality of the friendship within which deviance occurs has not been assumed to have any bearing on its incidence. The development of egalitarian relationships at adolescence is theorized to promote social and emotional maturity, qualities that could inhibit deviance. This research examined whether the quality of friendships inhibits adolescent deviance and also whether it modifies the expected association between adolescents' and friends' deviance. The quality of parent-adolescent relations is consistently linked to adolescent deviance, but is considerably less influential if contrasted to friends' deviance. This research sought to determine whether the quality of parent-adolescent relationships modifies the expected correlation between adolescents' and friends' deviance and whether the effect holds if parents themselves are deviant. Subjects were assessed in Grade 7 (N = 173) for general deviance and again in Grade 10 (N = 167) for alcohol use. A subsample of 131 were analyzed for long-term effects. In all analyses, friends' deviance, as expected, emerged as the most significant correlate of adolescent deviance, particularly for males. The quality of friendship was not found to be related to deviance at Grade 7, but was associated with lower drinking at Grade 10 for adolescents who had drinking friends. Additionally, longitudinal analyses showed that adolescents who had deviant friends at Grade 7 and whose friendships were of poor quality were at risk for later drinking. The quality of parent-adolescent relations modified the effect of deviant friends for females at Grade 7, but did not predict drinking at Grade 10. High quality parent-adolescent relations at Grade 10, however, increased the likelihood that adolescents would imitate par

The study's findings support the hypothesis that Moffitt's taxonomy of life-course and adolescent-limited delinquents applies in a Black, developing, semi rural population in South Africa, using a qualitative life-story research design. While the research design did not allow for conclusive proof of early psychoneurological deficits, difficult temperament and conduct disorders, features in the infant and childhood phases of the life-course offender, support for Moffitt's taxonomy arose from many other sources. These were the earlier onset and more violent antisocial behaviour, poorer school performance and peer relationships, greater impulsivity, ineffective goal setting, retarded moral development and lower social esteem of the life-course, relative to the adolescent-limited, offender research groups. Group cognitive difference found by Moffitt did not emerge. Suggestions for a local South African pilot intervention based on Moffitt's principles were made. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.

This study intends to investigate the experiences of labeling on people with a ADHD diagnos and how individuals with an ADHD diagnosis handles labeling. In today's society normality is is something that is pursued and the individuals that do not meet the normality are perceived as deviant. The study is conducted with a qualitative method and is based on three autobiographies where individuals with an ADHD diagnosis writes about their life. The study deals with postmodern constructivism which is explaining that the normalization and deviances are constantly changing, both depending on time and context. The results and analysis of this study are presented under three main headings that are related to the study's research questions. Based on the findings in the empirical data concrete sub headings have been developed to gain structure. The analysis of the empirical data is based on Becker's (2006) labeling theory and is strengthened by the concepts of normalization, deviance and outsiders. The results of the study shows that individuals with an ADHD diagnosis often are labeled based on their difficulties. What is revealed in the study is that labeling takes place in different contexts and that labeling mainly took place in the school environment and in society’s construction of the norm following behavior. Another thing the study shows is that labeling does not occur as frequently in the home enviroment as in school and society’s construction. It also reveals that the actual diagnosis has a significant impact on how labeling is handled and how individuals value themselves.

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