Inaug.-diss.--Freiburg i. Br. / No more published. "Handschriften und Ausgaben färöischer Gedichte": p. [13]-19.

Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Toulouse, 1969. / Includes indexes. Includes bibliographical references (p. 14-28).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1972. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

This dissertation describes and analyses a selection of morphosyntactic phenomena from the nominal, verbal and clausal domains of Barese, an upper southern Italian dialect of Puglia. Chapter 2 analyses pragmatically unmarked and marked sentential word orders in Barese. Barese is a null-subject language whose unmarked transitive word order is (S)VO, in which syntactic constituents can be displaced in accordance with their pragmatico-semantic relevance to the discourse. One peculiarity of Barese regards intransitives encoding a loco-temporal (c)overt argument, where VS and SV orders may both mark sentence-focus. While VS encodes a null loco-temporal argument, SV serves to encode broad focus whenever S is ‘accessible’ in the mind of both discourse participants forming part of their ‘common ground’. Chapter 3 examines the structure of Barese nominal expressions, focusing on the interaction between adjectives, possessives and demonstratives. Barese nominals nearly systematically precede adjectives and possessives, except for a small class of rudimentary evaluative adjectives which may occur prenominally. These orders, derived via the phrasal movement of the nominal across its modifiers, are contrasted with the head movement of a morpholexically restricted class of kinship nominals which can be modified by a defective set of enclitic possessives. The final section analyses the behaviour of Barese demonstratives, which only occur in prenominal position. In particular, a peculiar Barese structure which combines the definite article with the distal demonstrative pronoun is analysed, highlighting how it specifically marks discourse-old referents. Chapter 4 describes the mechanisms of auxiliary selection and past participle agreement operative in Barese. In relation to the former, Barese displays three different factors which may determine auxiliary selection, namely person, tense and mood. These three dimensions of variation are analysed in terms of parameter hierarchies which formalise the complexity of the semantic features involved in the selection of the auxiliaries HAVE and BE. It is argued that this complexity reflects different diachronic stages of auxiliary selection across different generations of speakers. The final section investigates Barese active past participle agreement which, unlike auxiliary selection, displays a conservative distribution licensed by direct objects and Undergoer subjects. The peculiarity of Barese, however, is that agreement is morpholexically limited to a small number of ‘strong’ participles which mark agreement exclusively through metaphonetic alternation. The final chapter is concerned with Barese progressive and andative periphrases which variously show inflected forms of the lexical verb in the 2SG-3SG of the present in place of the infinitive. These structures have been argued for Salentino and Sicilian dialects to have developed from instances of coordination with Latin AC ‘and’, which were then reinterpreted as instances of (pseudo-)coordination, namely subordination. In contrast, a different origin for these inflected forms of the lexical verb is proposed for Barese, where AC-coordination is not historically attested. It is argued that the loss of the infinitival ending -RE produced morphophonological identity, viz. syncretism, between the 3SG(/2SG) present and the infinitive, enabling the latter to be reinterpreted as a finite form within the periphrasis. This spred further across the neighbouring dialects to include more grammatical persons (3SG/2SG > 1SG > 3PL > all), as well as past and irrealis paradigms.

Noon is a West-Atlantic language of the Cangin subgroup, spoken by 25 000 people in central Senegal, in and around the town of Thies. The aim of this study is to provide a full grammatical description of Noon, since no such study has been done on the language. We have not followed a specific linguistic model as framework, but rather tried to work from the classical approach of presenting the structures in the grammatical units of the language, from morphology to discourse, All analysis is presented with language examples from data collected in the Thies area over the years 1994-1998. The study is divided into 11 chapters, followed by a short interlinearised text sample with a free translation. The first chapter presents a brief overview of the phonology and the morphophonological processes that take place in affixation. Another important feature described in this section is the restricted regressive vowel harmony process, based on the ATR feature. In chapters 2-3, the nominal system is described, including the noun class system of 6 basic classes with which most nominals are in agreement. There is also a threefold locative distinction present in determined nominals. This locative distinction is further elaborated in the demonstratives. Chapter 4 treats prepositions and adverbs. In chapters 5-6, verbal morphology and the verb phrase are presented, A major feature of the Noon verb is the derivational affixation which, apart from carrying aspectual information, also has bearing on the valency of the verb. The conjugational system is based on affixation, but also on the use of auxiliaries and particles. Chapter 7 deals with conjunctions, particles and interjections, and chapter 8 treats clause structures: independent ones, both verbal and non-verbal, but also dependent clauses. In chapter 9, different simple sentence types are described, followed by the complex sentences, including serial and reduplicative types. Chapter 10 depicts some important features that occur on the discourse level such as the wider use of spatial deixis in temporal and textual references. Finally, in chapter 11 is presented a comparative view of some of the major dialect differences in Noon.

Despite some excellent historical and contemporary research on the linguistic situation in the Shetland Islands, to date there have been no studies with an in-depth focus on a specific type of dialect-to-standard speech modification, known locally in Shetland as knappin. Specifically: as the speakers understand it, what is the precise definition of knappin and how might this feature be linked to dialect attrition? The concept of knappin is a widely debated and contentious issue within Shetland. Questions such as how, when and why does it occur, who does it, and whether its use is the final step to complete dialect levelling, have never been fully explored. This study addresses such questions by conducting a quantitative and qualitative sociolinguistic analysis of perceptions on dialect modification across the islands; with the aid of data collected from many hundreds of Shetlanders, and dialect speakers no longer resident. My results show that all dialect speakers are modifying their speech more frequently, for many reasons and in many different linguistic situations. While this is of some concern, closer analysis of dialect perceptions and attitudes, and the exploration of areas where the use of dialect is seen to be increasing, indicate that, despite regular and extensive modification, the dialect might not be as at risk as previous research has indicated.

Notre thèse est une étude sur l’engagement social des poètes égyptiens au tournant des XXème et XXIème siècles dans les œuvres poétiques de Fārūq Ğuwayda, Fārūq Šūša – composant en arabe littéral et Aḥmad Fu’ād Nağm, Ṣalāḥ Ğāhīn – composant en dialecte égyptien. Les analyses sont effectuées sur plusieurs niveaux : historiques, sociales et politiques d’un côté, et littéraires avec une analyse de la langue et de la poétique, de l’autre côté. Ces différents niveaux se croisent et s’accrochent entre eux dans chaque poème : ils en forment son apparence et son contenu unique, ce qui aboutit à la création d’une œuvre engagée sur les questions politiques et sociales. Avec l’aide de la sociocritique et des études poétiques, nous étudions les œuvres choisis des quatre poètes qui constituent le cadre de notre thèse. Chaque trait dans la vie des poètes, leur origine ou leur éducation, apportent une nuance dans l’engagement exprimé dans leurs œuvres poétiques. / My thesis is a study of the social commitment of Egyptian poets in the second half of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, in the poetic works of Fārūq Ğuwayda, Fārūq Šūša – writing in literary Arabic and Aḥmad Fu’ād Nağm, Ṣalāḥ Ğāhīn – writing in Egyptian dialect. These poetic productions are analysed on several levels: historical, social, political – on the one side – and literal focused on language and poetics – on the other side. These various levels cross and influence one another in every poem, creating its unique form and content in each work involved in social issues. By the means of sociocriticism and poetic studies I have analysed the selected poems of these four poets, which constitute the framework of my thesis. Each poet has different social origins and curriculum vitae, as well as education that bring various tinctures to the commitment in their poetry.

This mixed-methods study examines the potential existence of a military dialect separate from regional or social dialects experienced by civilians. In particular, how similar is the military-related storytelling lexicon of veterans in the Fargo-Moorhead area to the lexicon set forth in training bases and training manuals used by the U.S. military? The lexicon used by veterans in storytelling can sometimes seem opaque to an audience. It is typically dense with meaning borne by a few coded words. These words carry a contextual burden that can be better understood by an appeal to the dialect from which they were borne. In order to disentangle the veteran way of speaking from other overlapping and intersecting social and regional dialects that make up a subject’s typical speech, guided conversation and word-matching exercises were used to isolate lexicon that was typical to the military experience. The resulting interview transcripts were analyzed in comparison to military training manuals to arrive at a percentage of military-specific terms used in the guided conversation and a percentage of general knowledge military terms retained in the word-matching measure. The resulting 1.85% of military-specific terms and phrases used by participants in guided conversations and 61% retention of military-specific term knowledge was used to show that the military dialect not only exists but persists in the repertoire of veteran participants. As the majority of those who work with veterans are not veterans themselves, these percentages represent a significant barrier to understanding veteran storytelling. This barrier hinders the successful reintegration and mental health of veterans who return to their communities without knowing how to meaningfully express their stories in their existing support networks.

No description available.

No description available.