Orientador: Fernando Cendes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T18:20:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro_Tatiane_M.pdf: 1473821 bytes, checksum: a5814a9d00faf77f9e24efe5ced0e38b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) caracteriza-se, por um quadro demencial com declínio das funções cognitivas como perda de memória, alterações no comportamento, linguagem e atenção, bem como desorientação em tempo e espaço, em conseqüência da degeneração lenta e progressiva de neurônios colinérgicos do núcleo basal de Meynert, da formação de placas insolúveis de proteína beta-amilóide entre as células nervosas e, dentro delas, de redes neurofibrilares de proteína tau. É a principal causa de demência na população idosa, sendo responsável por cerca de 60 a 70% de todas as demências. Sua prevalência vem aumentando seguidamente por conta do aumento da população idosa. O Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve Amnéstico (CCLa) é um estado dito "pré-demencial", com alteração em pelo menos uma esfera cognitiva, mas sem prejuízo da vida social ou ocupacional. Em nosso estudo, avaliamos 3 grupos de 15 indivíduos: um grupo de controles normais, um grupo com DA leve e um grupo de CCLa. Avaliamos o padrão de atrofia cerebral desses pacientes em relação a controles por volumetria através de segmentação manual (softaware Display) do corpo caloso, tálamo e estruturas mesiais temporais (hipocampo e córtex entorrinal). Avaliamos também o padrão de atrofia correlacionados com os testes neuropsicológicos, como o Teste de Nomeação de Boston (TNB), Teste de Mini Exame Mental (MEEM), Teste de nomeação de figuras Digit Spand (direto) e Spani (indireto), Teste de Similaridade do CAMCOG e Fluência Verbal (FV) para categoria animais além de outros domínios cognitivos. Na comparação entre pares de grupos, observamos: (no primeiro grupo em relação ao segundo): DA leve x CCLa- atrofia no córtex entorrinal esquerdo; DA leve x Controle -atrofia no tálamo direito, hipocampo e córtex entorrinal bilateral; CCla x Controle -atrofia no hipocampo bilateral e córtex entorrinal direito. O volume do corpo caloso correlacionou- se com Digit spand e BNT, o volume do tálamo direito com MEEM; o volume do tálamo esquerdo com Digit Spand;o hipocampo direito com CAMCOG, Digit spand, FV e RAVALTA7; o volume do hipocampo esquerdo com Digit Spani, FV e RAVALA7; o córtex entorrinal direito com MEEM. Não houve correlação entre o córtex entorrinal esquerdo e os demais testes. Este estudo confirma o acometimento do tálamo e corpo caloso, na DA leve e CCLa. A correlação anatomo funcional da atrofia das estruturas estudadas e testes cognitivos, pode vir a contribuir em estudos futuros na busca de marcadores diagnósticos para a CCLa e DA leve / Abstract: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by dementia with cognitive decline. Its prevalence has been increasing as the general population is aging. Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) is a condition called "pre-dementia", with changes in at least one cognitive sphere but no impairment in occupational or social life. We studied three groups of 15 individuals: a normal control group, a group with mild AD and a group with aMCI. This study assessed the patterns of brain atrophy in these patients, comparing them to controls, by manual segmentation volumetry (software Display) of the corpus callosum, thalamus and mesial temporal structures (the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex). We also evaluated the pattern of atrophy correlated with neuropsychological tests, such as Boston Test (BNT), Test of Mini Mental Examination (MMSE), Digit Spandi (forward) and Spani (indirect) picture naming tests, CAMCOG similartiy test and Verbal Fluency (VF) for animal category and other cognitive domains. The comparison between groups revealed (always in the first relative to the second pair): mild AD vs aMCI - atrophy in the left entorhinal cortex; mild AD vs Control - atrophy in right thalamus, bilateral hippocampus and entorhinal cortex; aMCI vs Control - bilateral atrophy in the hippocampus and right entorhinal cortex. The volume of the corpus callosum correlated with the Digit spand, RAVLTRC_FP BNT and the volume of the right thalamus with MMSE, the volume of the left thalamus with age, and Digit Spandi RAVLTA7, the right hippocampus with age, MMSE, CAMCOG, BNT, Digit Spani, FV and RAVALTA7, and RAVLT_RC RAVLT_RC_FP; the volume of the left hippocampus with MMSE, Digit Span, FV, and BNT RAVALA7: the right entorhinal cortex with MMSE, visuospatial, digit span, verbal fluency, BNT, RAVLTA7, the entorhinal cortex left with Spatial and Visuo RAVLA7, there was no correlation between the left entorhinal cortex and other tests on the simple correlation. This study confirms the link between the thalamus and corpus callosum, mild AD and aMCI. The anatomic-functional correlation of atrophy in the structures studied here with cognitive tests, may contribute for future studies in search of diagnostic markers for aMCI and mild Alzheimr's Disease / Mestrado / Neurociencias / Mestre em Fisiopatologia Médica

Much work has been done concerning those parasites found upon the host. Very little has been done concerning those parasites that are parasitic but are very rarely found upon the host. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine seasonal distribution of those fleas found in the nests of the desert wood rat (N. l. lepida). This paper shows that there is a seasonal variation of flea populations within a certain geographic area. It also shows that certain species of fleas are distributed seasonally; not all species being present in the same season. Three of the eleven species collected from the nests are plague implicated, being either potential or capable vectors. A number of other nest consortes were found to demonstrate seasonal variations to some extent. Collecting and laboratory methods for the collection and preparation of fleas are discussed.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Accurate assessment of disease dynamics requires a quantification of many unknown parameters governing disease transmission processes. While infection control strategies within hospital settings are stringent, some disease will be propagated due to human interactions (patient-to-patient or patient-to- caregiver-topatient). In order to understand infectious transmission rates within the hospital, it is necessary to isolate the amount of disease that is endemic to the outside environment. While discerning the origins of disease is difficult when using ordinary spatio-temporal data (locations and time of disease detection), genotypes that are common to pathogens, with common sources, aid in distinguishing nosocomial infections from independent arrivals of the disease. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a Bayesian modeling procedure for identifying nosocomial infections, and quantify the rate of these transmissions. We will demonstrate our method using a 10-year history of Morexella catarhallis. Results will show the degree to which pathogen-specific, genotypic information impacts inferences about the nosocomial rate of infection.

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