Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Objective. To compare dietary supplement use between student pharmacists and the general population, and assess knowledge, attitudes toward use, and dietary supplement effectiveness; and to explore how student pharmacists view their education on dietary supplements. Methods. Paper questionnaires administered to student pharmacists collected data about their use, knowledge, and attitudes of dietary supplements. Use was compared to the 2007 National Health Interview survey findings. Results. Of 179 students who responded, 52% had used at least one dietary supplement in their lifetime versus 25% in the general population. Students perceived supplement label information as unhelpful, research into supplements inadequate, and supplements non-essential to health. Students thought supplement knowledge was important but their education was inadequate. Conclusion. Dietary supplement use was higher in this sample of student pharmacists than the general population. Student pharmacists had limited knowledge and need more education on dietary supplements.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 204-219).

This document only includes an excerpt of the corresponding thesis or dissertation. To request a digital scan of the full text, please contact the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Interlibrary Loan Department (rlmlill@iu.edu).

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of dietary trends in the United States from 2000 to 2018, examining the population's adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) across diverse food groups. Utilizing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data and employing meta-regression analysis, the research evaluates the intake patterns of vegetables, fruits, grains, protein, dairy, fats and oils, and key nutrients. The findings reveal a consistent and widespread non-adherence to recommended DGA servings, challenging the effectiveness of dietary guidelines in influencing public behavior. Despite revisions in guidelines, the study demonstrates remarkable stability in the intake of both recommended and discouraged foods. Additionally, the study investigates trends in obesity prevalence and BMI, suggesting that the DGAs alone may not be the primary driver of the obesity epidemic. The discussion highlights the persistent disconnect between DGA recommendations and actual dietary behaviors, emphasizing the need for public health interventions. This study contributes valuable insights into the limitations of current dietary guidelines in shaping broader dietary patterns, calling for a more holistic approach to public health interventions.

Childhood (ages 2-9 years) and adolescence (ages 10-19 years) make up important periods of human life. Food preferences and dietary behaviors are developing during this time, and health status can impact noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk in adulthood. Many of the behaviors associated with developing NCD are modifiable and include dietary behaviors. Globally, children and adolescents are impacted by NCD, and obesity prevalence is growing among this population. One of the recommendations for combating obesity is to promote the consumption of healthy foods and beverages and the reduction of sugar-sweetened beverage intake. In order to assess beverage patterns, the Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) was created for adults. This tool provides a score from 0-100, with higher scores indicating better adherence to evidence-based beverage recommendations. Because many beverage recommendations for children and adolescents differ from those for adults, the purpose of this thesis was to develop the HBI for U.S. Children and Adolescents (HBI-CA). National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data was used to calculate HBI-CA scores among a sample of U.S. children and adolescents. The HBI-CA resulted in scores similar to the adult HBI and provides a reference of beverage pattern quality in this population. Significant differences in scores were found among males and females and certain races. Evaluation of the HBI-CA demonstrated its construct validity and reliability. The HBI-CA still needs to undergo predictive validity tests. Overall, the HBI-CA provides a method to assess beverage pattern quality in clinical, public health, and research settings for this important population. / Master of Science / Children (ages 2-9 years) and adolescents (ages 10-19 years) makeup an important population for the implementation of dietary interventions because they are still developing their food preferences and dietary behaviors. The rise of obesity among these age groups indicates that their dietary behaviors may not be aligned with recommendations. Beverages can easily be overlooked as a dietary component, but they currently constitute a large portion of daily energy intake. In order to assess beverage pattern quality in this population, the Healthy Beverage Index for U.S. Children and Adolescents (HBI-CA) was developed based on the HBI for adults. This tool provides a score from 0-100, with higher scores indicating better adherence to evidence-based beverage recommendations. The HBI-CA also provides a resource of comprehensive beverage recommendations for these age groups, which was previously limited in the literature. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data was used to calculate HBICA scores among a sample of U.S. children and adolescents. The HBI-CA resulted in scores similar to the adult HBI and provides a reference of beverage pattern quality in this population. Significant differences in scores were found among males and females and certain races. Evaluation of the HBI-CA demonstrated its ability to reliably and consistently measure beverage pattern quality. Future evaluation of the HBI-CA should include examination of the relationship between HBI-CA scores and dietary-related health outcomes. Overall, the HBI-CA provides a method to assess beverage pattern quality in clinical, public health, and research settings for this important population.

The objective of this study is to determine if fat as an energy source, and fiber in a pasture supplement will be beneficial when compared to a concentrate high in sugar and starch. In the first experiment, 12 pregnant and lactating mares were used in three different glycemic response tests to determine the effect of feeds on pregnant mares. The mares were fed a pelleted concentrate (PC) three months before foaling; after foaling they were divided into two groups and fed a feed high in sugar and starch (SS), or a feed high in fat and fiber (FF). The second experiment, used the same 12 mares (R mares) and 10 barren mares (B mares) in three different tests to determine the effects of the feeds, season and reproductive stage. A series of blood samples was collected via a jugular catheter from 0 to 390 min after consuming a meal. Glucose and insulin baseline and peak values, increments and areas under curves (AUC) were compared by ANOVA. For the first experiment, responses to PC did not differ between the two groups. Peak plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were higher in SS group than in FF during both early and late lactation. Glucose and insulin AUCs were higher in SS than in FF during both early and late lactation. In the second experiment, peak glucose increments had differences for the main effects feed, pregnancy and season, and interactions feed by pregnancy and feed by season. The glucose AUC values showed similar differences for the main effects and the interaction feed by pregnancy. Peak insulin increments had a difference for feed and pregnancy, but not the interactions. Insulin AUCs also revealed a difference between feed and pregnancy, and also for season, and the interaction feed by pregnancy. These results indicate that metabolic fluctuations are moderated by the replacement of sugar and starch with fat and fiber. This replacement may reduce the risk of certain digestive and metabolic disorders. / Master of Science

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