A new approach is proposed to transparently share familiar single-user editors without modifying their source code. This approach tweaks a classic diff algorithm to derive edit scripts between document states. Concurrent edit scripts are merged to synchronize states of coauthoring sites. Our concept-proving prototype currently works with familiar, heterogeneous text editors such as GVim and WinEdt that can be adapted to support two basic interfaces, GetState and SetState. The adaption is less expensive and more robust than recent approaches such as ICT and CoWord, which must understand and translate editing operations at the operating system level. Experimental data show that our approach is able to provide sufficient performance for near-realtime group editing.

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Submitted by Israel Vieira Neto (israel.vieiraneto@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-04T14:09:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação de Mestrado - Rodrigo Gomes de Arruda.pdf: 1417005 bytes, checksum: 8f2269c42e4e0e6f3d0a5d220a139577 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T14:09:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação de Mestrado - Rodrigo Gomes de Arruda.pdf: 1417005 bytes, checksum: 8f2269c42e4e0e6f3d0a5d220a139577 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-09 / CAPES / A Política Nacional de Medicamentos visa garantir a segurança, a eficácia e a qualidade dos medicamentos, a promoção do uso racional e o acesso da população aos remédios essenciais. Ela é motivada pelos atuais processos de transição demográfica e epidemiológica do país e tenta ampliar o acesso da população carente aos serviços e produtos básicos de saúde. Apesar de sua criação em 1998, a política apenas foi efetivada a partir de 2003. É necessário observar a eficiência de suas ações. Portanto, investigamos qual foi seu impacto sobre a qualidade de vida dos seus beneficiados, os doentes crônicos, entre os anos de 2003 e 2008. Para isso, utilizamos o banco de dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios. No intuito de encontrar uma medida de saúde apropriada à nossa análise, adequamos nossos dados ao questionário EQ-5D-3L e utilizamos a abordagem de Regressão Intervalar e, para avaliarmos a política, fizemos uso do método de diff-in-diff e da construção de coortes. Os resultados sugerem que a Política Nacional de Medicamentos foi bem sucedida no período analisado para parte relevante da população, especialmente, em seus efeitos sobre a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos da geração mais antiga.

Class of 2012 Abstract / Specific Aims: The incidence of non-response, recurrence, relapse, and rate of complications of Clostridium difficile infections treated with combination of metronidazole and vancomycin versus vancomycin or metronidazole alone over a one-year period by treatment and strain type (i.e. NAP1/BI/027) were evaluated. The incidence of mortality in patients with moderate to severe Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea prescribed metronidazole, vancomycin, or combination metronidazole plus vancomycin as initial therapy was also determined. Additionally, significant factors associated with the use of combination vancomycin-metronidazole as initial therapy for moderate to severe CDAD were characterized. Methods: T This retrospective medical record review has been approved by the Institutional Review Board. Adult patients with stool specimens tested for detection of Clostridium difficile toxin B by PCR between April 2010 and March 2011 at a tertiary care, academic medical center were evaluated. Patients were included in the study if diagnosed with moderate to severe disease and received either monotherapy with metronidazole, monotherapy with oral vancomycin, or combination therapy with metronidazole and oral vancomycin for at least 80% of the first 10 days of treatment. Patients who are discharged alive within 72 hours of admission or who received therapy for less than 48 hours were excluded. Main Results: All patients (N=411) with laboratory evidence of Clostridium difficile during the study time period were evaluated. A total of 26 subjects who received oral vancomycin monotherapy and 56 subjects who received oral vancomycin along with metronidazole for at least 80% of the first 10 days of treatment were identified. Of the subjects who received oral vancomycin monotherapy during the first ten days of therapy, 5 (19%) were classified has a treatment failure or died within the first 21 days of therapy and 5 (19%) had either a recurrence or reappearance of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea between 22 and 65 days post start of therapy. Of the subjects who received a combination of oral vancomycin and metronidazole during the first 10 days of therapy, 14 (25%) were classified has a treatment failure or died within the first 21 days of therapy and 22 (39%) had either a recurrence or reappearance of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea between 22 and 65 days post start of therapy. In the combination therapy group, 5 (9%) were reported to have an ileus, toxic megacolon, or necrotic bowel during the first 10 days of therapy. Conclusions: In this study, the subjects who received a combination of oral vancomycin and metronidazole had higher rates of clinical failure, death, and recurrence than subjects who received monotherapy. Current guideline statements recommend combination therapy only in patients with an ileus with Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.

Im Rahmen der Arbeit soll ein Plugin für den Ontologieeditor Protégé entwickelt werden. Dieses Plugin soll die Möglichkeit bieten, zwei Versionen einer Ontologie, mit Hilfe des COntoDiff-Algorithmus, miteinander zu vergleichen. Als Ergebnis des Vergleichs soll dem Nutzer eine umfassende Statistik über die vorgefundenen Änderungsoperationen präsentiert und die Möglichkeit geboten werden, durch alle Änderungen zu navigieren. Dabei soll er sich jederzeit Konzepte in den geöffneten Ontologien anzeigen lassen können, die an einer ausgewählten Änderungsoperation beteiligt sind.

Ett sätt att utveckla webbapplikationer är att göra det i två delar. Dels ett API, dels en klient. Denna rapport fokuserar på JSON-API:er och på att hitta en lösning för att identifiera kritiska ändringar i JSON-meddelanden innan de påverkar sin avseddaklient på ett oönskat sätt. En fallstudie är genomförd hos ett företag som utvecklar sina webbapplikationer i två delar. Resultatet är en utvecklad webbapplikation (ett verktyg) som löser problemet genom att spela in API-förfrågningar som repeteras mot flera olika versioner av API:et. Versionstaggade svar samlas in och jämförs mot varandra med olika avseenden. Webbapplikationen (verktyget) lyckas på ett tillfredställande sätt identifiera kritiska ändringar i JSON-meddelanden. Detta verifieras med hjälp av ett test-API, och bekräftar därmed examensarbetets hypotes. För att kunna testa ett API, vars bakomliggande applikation är stateful, förväntas den applikationen vara återställd till ett standardiserat tillstånd inför varje användning av verktyget. Detta är en begränsning. Det finns en utvecklingspotential i att få verktyget att fungera även mot autentiserade API:er. / One way of developing web applications is in two parts, where one part is an API and the other part is the client. This report focuses on JSON APIs and on finding a solution for identifying breaking changes in JSON messages before they affect their intended client in undesirable ways. A case study has been carried out at a company that develops their web applications in two parts. The result is a web application (a tool) that solves the problem by recording API requests that are then replayed against different versions of the API. Version tagged responses are collected and compared against each other by different aspects. The web application (the tool) succeeds in identifying breaking changes in JSON messages. This is verified using a test API, which in turn verifies the thesis’ hypothesis. To test an API, whose underlying application is stateful, that application is expected to be reset to a standardized state before each use of the tool. This is a limitation. There is potential for future development in getting the tool work against authenticated APIs.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has proven to be a constantly evolving disease periodically posing new diagnostic and clinical dilemmas. Different regions of the world have reported specific local genomic characteristics of the infecting strains, which may be related to variation in disease presentation and outcome. This study was performed to determine the clinical and molecular features of severe, recurrent and community-associated disease in the Lothian region of Scotland, UK among patients diagnosed from August 2010-July 2011. Three hundred and thirty-five patients with laboratory confirmed CDI were studied for epidemiological features, clinical presentation, and laboratory markers. They were followed up for one year to determine recurrence and mortality. Four hundred and thirty-two episodes were recorded. Ribotypes, presence of toxin genes and MLVA subtypes of isolates from these episodes were determined. During the course of the study, PCR ribotype 078 was identified as an important emerging type and concerns of “hypervirulence” were raised when an outbreak was recorded in 2012. This ribotype was studied to compare its clinical and molecular characteristics with other endemic ribotypes and between its own outbreak-related and endemic subtypes. Asymptomatic children were also sampled to determine their role as pools of potential pathogens. Severe episodes accounted for 40.4% of total and 29.3% patients had multiple episodes on record. One-year mortality was 32.8% of which CDI was listed on 25.5% death certificates. Ribotype 078 was confirmed in 6.8% episodes. Community-associated disease was identified in 25.3% patients, which differed significantly from hospital-associated disease in the number of antibiotics and gastrointestinal manipulation prior to CDI. Endemic PCR ribotype 078 caused significantly less recurrent disease and more community- associated disease when compared to the most prevalent ribotype 001. Patients who died from ribotype 078 within 30d had a lower Charlson comorbidity index than ribotype 001 counterparts suggesting that the former may infect healthier patients. MLVA subtyping of ribotype 078 proved useful in identifying epidemiological relationships during the outbreak. CDI had contributed to the death of 50% of all patients infected with the outbreak related ribotype 078 strain compared to 14.3% of those infected with the endemic strains. This study documents the changing epidemiology of CDI in the region and demonstrates differences in epidemic and endemic disease.

Currently, a viable solution to provide multicast provision over a multiprotocol label switch with traffic engineering (MPLS-TE) domain is unavailable because of the missing link able to couple multicast traffic distribution with an MPLS-TE enabled network. This is due to the limited or less research investigation that was done in this area. Most of the investigation methods tackle the problem individually such as deploying internet protocol (IP) multicast in a plain network or MPLS domain but without considering a combination of both technologies that is aware of differentiated services requirements. This thesis presents an alternative solution for the multicast differentiated services provision problem over a MPLS-TE enabled network. The approach is exposed and analyzed through a practical solution that was developed within a network simulation environment. The research presented in this thesis orchestrates the already available technologies offered by the multicast protocols suite and differentiated services (DiffServ) aware MPLS-TE that allows applying separately the constraint-based routing and admission control to different classes of services. The novelty and solution of this thesis relies on using MPLS constraint-based routing concepts (e.g.traffic trunks) in order to solve TE issues revealed during multicast traffic distribution.

Currently, a viable solution to provide multicast provision over a multiprotocol label switch with traffic engineering (MPLS-TE) domain is unavailable because of the missing link able to couple multicast traffic distribution with an MPLS-TE enabled network. This is due to the limited or less research investigation that was done in this area. Most of the investigation methods tackle the problem individually such as deploying internet protocol (IP) multicast in a plain network or MPLS domain but without considering a combination of both technologies that is aware of differentiated services requirements. This thesis presents an alternative solution for the multicast differentiated services provision problem over a MPLS-TE enabled network. The approach is exposed and analyzed through a practical solution that was developed within a network simulation environment. The research presented in this thesis orchestrates the already available technologies offered by the multicast protocols suite and differentiated services (DiffServ) aware MPLS-TE that allows applying separately the constraint-based routing and admission control to different classes of services. The novelty and solution of this thesis relies on using MPLS constraint-based routing concepts (e.g.traffic trunks) in order to solve TE issues revealed during multicast traffic distribution.

Currently, a viable solution to provide multicast provision over a multiprotocol label switch with traffic engineering (MPLS-TE) domain is unavailable because of the missing link able to couple multicast traffic distribution with an MPLS-TE enabled network. This is due to the limited or less research investigation that was done in this area. Most of the investigation methods tackle the problem individually such as deploying internet protocol (IP) multicast in a plain network or MPLS domain but without considering a combination of both technologies that is aware of differentiated services requirements. This thesis presents an alternative solution for the multicast differentiated services provision problem over a MPLS-TE enabled network. The approach is exposed and analyzed through a practical solution that was developed within a network simulation environment. The research presented in this thesis orchestrates the already available technologies offered by the multicast protocols suite and differentiated services (DiffServ) aware MPLS-TE that allows applying separately the constraint-based routing and admission control to different classes of services. The novelty and solution of this thesis relies on using MPLS constraint-based routing concepts (e.g.traffic trunks) in order to solve TE issues revealed during multicast traffic distribution.