Probiotics are viable nonpathogenic microbes that positively affect host health. Probiotics inhibit infection, activate immunity, and promote mucosal-barrier development. Many microbes have probiotic activity. Nonetheless, the selection of stable strains and their specific mechanism(s) of action are not fully elucidated. Bacteria from ‘Amabere amaruranu’ cultured milk from Kenya were isolated and identified by PCR sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Isolates were examined for stability to acid and bile, antimicrobial activity, mucin production, and degradation and sensitivity to antibiotics, hence their potential for probiotics. Lactobacillus isolates were acid unstable, bile-stable, nonmucinolytic, and presented antibacterial activity. L. rhamnosus cell fractions increased MUC4 and MUC3 expression in colon cells. Bacillus isolates were acid and bile stable, nonmucinolytic and lacked antimicrobial activity. In conclusion, Lactobacillus isolates that were nonmucinolytic, stable in bile, demonstrated antibacterial activity, sensitive to antibiotics, and stimulated increase MUC4 and MUC3 levels in colon cells could be potential probiotics.

?rea de concentra??o: Aquicultura. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-04-24T17:45:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) daiane_kelly_alves_pereira.pdf: 622450 bytes, checksum: 2bb5344f188105f4d95c80ff9492e60c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-04-24T18:31:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) daiane_kelly_alves_pereira.pdf: 622450 bytes, checksum: 2bb5344f188105f4d95c80ff9492e60c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T18:31:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) daiane_kelly_alves_pereira.pdf: 622450 bytes, checksum: 2bb5344f188105f4d95c80ff9492e60c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Banco do Nordeste do Brasil S.A. (BNB) / A aquicultura ? uma pr?tica brasileira que cresceu expressivamente nas ?ltimas d?cadas, contudo, a produ??o de pescados ainda ? insuficiente para atender a demanda interna. Na ?sia, maior produtor mundial de pescados, 95% das esp?cies produzidas s?o nativas, enquanto no Brasil, esse percentual est? abaixo de 20%. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o tempo de digest?o e avaliar o trato digest?rio de larvas de Lophiosilurus alexandri, uma esp?cie nativa do Rio S?o Francisco. As larvas foram avaliadas com 12 e 19 dias de vida, alimentadas com n?uplios de art?mia salina. Para avalia??o do tempo de digest?o nos diferentes dias de amostragem foi utilizada uma regress?o linear. Ao t?rmino do experimento foram aferidas as medidas de peso (g), e comprimento total (CT), comprimento de boca (CBO) e largura de boca (LBO) (mm). Para caracteriza??o do trato, al?m das j? citadas, foram tomadas medidas de comprimento total, comprimento boca/es?fago, comprimento do est?mago, comprimento do intestino, comprimento da boca, largura de boca e quociente intestinal para 12 e 19 dias de vida. As larvas apresentaram nos diferentes dias de amostragem peso, CT, CBO, LBO e QI de 41,18 mg e 76,88 mg, 17,78 mm e 20,98 mm, 0,42 mm e 0.73 mm, 2,71 mm e 3,57 mm, 0,29 mm e 0,32 mm aos 12 e 19 dias respectivamente. Foi verificado para os par?metros observados um maior desenvolvimento das larvas com 19 dias em rela??o as de 12 dias. Os par?metros de qualidade de ?gua mantiveram-se est?veis durante todo o per?odo experimental, permanecendo dentro dos valores aceit?veis para a larvicultura da esp?cie, assim como o crescimento em peso e comprimento. A avalia??o do desenvolvimento do sistema digest?rio das larvas foi realizada atrav?s de an?lises histol?gicas. O tempo de digest?o em larvas com 12 dias de vida foi menor (2 h 39 min 18 s) do que as de 19 dias (3 h 5 min 50 s). Por outro lado, larvas com 19 dias de vida apresentam trato digest?rio mais diferenciado em rela??o a 12 dias, permitindo assimilar melhor o alimento, aumentando assim a probabilidade de sobreviv?ncia dos indiv?duos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / Aquaculture is a Brazilian practice that has grown significantly in the last decades, however, fish production is still insufficient to meet domestic demand. In Asia, the world's largest fish producer, 95% of the species produced are native, while in Brazil, this percentage is below 20%. This study aimed to verify the digestion time and to evaluate the digestive tract of larvae of Lophiosilurus alexandri, a species native to the S?o Francisco River. The larvae were evaluated at 12 and 19 days of age, fed with Artemia salina nauplii. To evaluate the digestion time on the different sampling days a linear regression was used. At the end of the experiment, the measurements of weight (g), total length (CT), length of mouth (BOD) and mouth width (LBO) (mm) were measured. For characterization of the tract, in addition to those already mentioned, measurements were taken of total length, mouth length / esophagus, length of the stomach, length of the intestine, length of mouth, mouth width and intestinal quotient for 12 and 19 days of life. The larvae presented, on the different days of sampling, weight, CT, CBO, LBO and IQ of 41.18 mg and 76.88 mg, 17.78 mm and 20.98 mm, 0.42 mm and 0.73 mm, 2.71 mm And 3.57 mm, 0.29 mm and 0.32 mm at 12 and 19 days respectively. It was verified for the observed parameters a greater development of the larvae with 19 days in relation to the 12 days. The water quality parameters remained stable throughout the experimental period, remaining within acceptable values for the species larviculture, as well as growth in weight and length. The evaluation of the development of the digestive system of the larvae was performed through histological analysis. The digestion time in larvae with 12 days of life was lower (2 h 39 min 18 s) than those of 19 days (3 h 5 min 50 s). On the other hand, larvae with 19 days of life present digestive tract more differentiated in relation to 12 days, allowing assimilating the food better, thus increasing the probability of survival of the individuals.

O pintado (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans), também comumente chamado de surubim é um dos peixes mais apreciados pelo mercado consumidor brasileiro, devido à excelente qualidade do filé. No entanto, trabalhos sobre a morfologia do seu trato digestório são escassos. No presente trabalho, a descrição histológica do esôfago, estômago e intestino do pintado, visa contribuir e fornecer subsídios científicos para compreensão dos processos digestivos dessa espécie. Foram obtidas amostras do esôfago, estômago e de todas as regiões intestinais e posteriormente analisadas à microscopia óptica. No esôfago, observou-se epitélio de revestimento do tipo pavimentoso estratificado não-queratinizado, apresentando células epiteliais, mucosas e grande quantidade de células claviformes. A presença de células claviformes são indicadores de que este órgão está sujeito a lesão e lacerações, participando no sistema de defesa do organismo. O estômago do pintado constitui-se de um órgão em forma de J, distinguindo-se três regiões: cárdica, fúndica e pilórica. O epitélio de revestimento encontrado é do tipo colunar simples. A superfície epitelial é interrompida pelas criptas gástricas, no fundo das quais se abrem as glândulas gástricas, sendo estas criptas mais profundas na região cárdica ou proximal do estômago. As glândulas gástricas apresentam-se maiores e mais numerosas no segmento proximal, diminuindo em quantidade e tamanho no sentido caudal, o que está relacionado a uma maior demanda na secreção de muco para proteção e digestão de proteínas. O intestino do pintado constitui-se de três regiões distintas e denominadas: intestino proximal, intestino médio e intestino distal ou reto. No epitélio intestinal foram encontrados macrófagos e linfócitos indicando uma barreira celular de defesa no organismo. No intestino distal, observou-se epitélio com cutícula estriada mais baixa do que nos segmentos anteriores. Podemos concluir que o pintado apresenta características particulares quanto à estrutura microscópica do seu trato digestório, em alguns aspectos, se comparado a outros teleósteos. / Pintado (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans), also commonly called surubim, is one of the most appreciated fish by the Brazilian consumer market, due to the excellent filet quality. However, works on the morphology of their digestive tract are scarce. In this work, the histological description of the esophagus, stomach and intestine of pintado, seeks to contribute and to supply scientific information for the better understanding of the digestive process of these species. Samples were obtained from esophagus, stomach and from all the intestinal areas and later analyzed with light microscope. In the esophagus, epithelium is stratified pavimentous type and was observed no queratinization, presenting epithelial cells, mucous membranes and great amount of club cells. The presence of club cells indicates that this organ is subjected to lesion and lacerations, participating in the organism defense system. The stomach of pintado is constituted of an organ in J form, being there distinguished three areas: cardic, fundic and piloric. The epithelium of the stomach is simple colunar type. The epithelial surface is interrupted by the gastric crypts, in the bottom of which opens up the gastric glands, being these deeper crypts in the cardic area or proximal of the stomach. The gastric glands come larger and more numerous in the proximal segment, decreasing in amount and size in the caudal way, what is related to a larger demand in the mucus secretion for protection and digestion of proteins. The pintado`s intestine is constituted of three different areas and denominated: proximal intestine, medium intestine and distal intestine or rectum. In the intestinal epithelium there were found macrophages and lymphocytes indicating a cellular barrier for the organism defense. In the distal intestine, epithelium was observed with cuticle grooved lower than in the previous segments. We can conclude that pintado presents private characteristics in relation to the microscopic structure of its digestive tract, in some aspects, if compared to other teleosts.

Os microrganismos presentes no intestino de insetos podem desempenhar importantes funções na biologia de seus hospedeiros, como na nutrição, detoxificação de compostos de defesas das plantas, prevenção da infecção por patógenos e produção de semioquímicos importantes nas interações de insetos. O primeiro passo para entender as funções da microbiota do intestino na biologia de insetos consiste na identificação dessas comunidades. Neste trabalho, a diversidade de bactérias do intestino de larvas e adultos da mosca-das-frutas sul-americana, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Tephritidae), foi determinada por métodos baseados ou não no cultivo. O método baseado no cultivo foi utilizado no estudo da diversidade da microbiota de população de laboratório mantida em frutos de mamão, avaliando-se a diversidade presente no intestino de larvas e em duas regiões distintas do intestino de adultos, o papo e o intestino médio+posterior. A análise metagenômica pela avaliação de bibliotecas de 16S rDNA foi aplicada ao estudo da diversidade da microbiota associada a moscas oriundas de diferentes frutos hospedeiros (guabiroba, nêspera, maçã, mamão e pitanga). As análises por cultivo permitiram a identificação de 25 filotipos associados ao intestino de larvas e adultos, sendo a diversidade em larvas bem distinta daquela de adultos. Os Filos Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes e Proteobacteria foram representados por 10 famílias, sendo Enterobacteriaceae a mais abundante. Filotipo próximo à enterobacteriacea Cedecea davisae foi o único a ocorrer no intestino de larvas e papo e intestino de adultos. A análise metagenômica dos insetos obtidos em diferentes frutos hospedeiros estendeu a diversidade anteriormente identificada aos Filos Cyanobacteria, Deinococcus, Elusimicrobia, Planctomycetes e Verrucomicrobia. Novamente, Proteobacteria se destacou como o mais diverso. Esse estudo demonstrou que a comunidade microbiana associada ao intestino de A. fraterculus é inteiramente influenciado pelo fruto hospedeiro utilizado, sendo raros os filotipos compartilhados por insetos em diferentes frutos. A composição da microbiota do intestino do adulto é muito menos diversa do que a da larva, independentemente do fruto utilizado. Mas vários filotipos, como aqueles próximos a Acinetobacter bereziniae, Cedecea davisae, Comamonas koreensis, Enterobacter asburiae, Empedobacter brevis e Hydrogenophilus hirschii, além do parasita intracelular Wolbachia pipientis, mantiveram-se associadas ao intestino de larvas e adultos de A. fraterculus, mesmo após a metamorfose. A análise das comunidades bacterianas de A. fraterculus sugere que as variações em suas estruturas estão relacionadas ao substrato alimentar utilizado pelo inseto. / The microorganisms present in the insect gut can play important roles in the biology of their hosts such as nutrition, detoxification of compounds defenses of plants, preventing infection by pathogens and production of important semiochemicals in insect interactions. The first step to understanding the functions of the gut microbiota in insect biology is the identification of these communities. In this work, the diversity of gut bacteria in larvae and adult South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Tephritidae) , were determined by methods based on the cultivation or not . The method based on the cultivation was used to study the microbial diversity of laboratory population maintained in papaya fruits, evaluating the diversity present in the gut of larvae and in two distinct regions of the intestine of adults, the crop and midgut + hindgut. The analysis of metagenomic libraries for evaluation of 16S rDNA was applied to the study of the diversity of the microbiota associated with fruit flies from different hosts (guabiroba , medlar , apple, papaya and pitanga). The analysis by cultivation allowed the identification of 25 phylotypes associated with the gut of larvae and adults, larvae diversity being quite different from that of adults. The phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were represented by 10 families, Enterobacteriaceae being the most abundant. Filotipo near Enterobacteriacea Cedecea davisae strains was the only one to occur in the gut of larvae and adult chat and intestine. The metagenomic analysis of insects obtained in different fruit hosts extended to the diversity previously identified phyla Cyanobacteria, Deinococcus, Elusimicrobia, Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia. Again, Proteobacteria stood out as the most diverse. This study showed that the microbial community associated with the intestine of A. fraterculus is entirely influenced by host fruit used are rare phylotypes shared by insects in different fruits. The composition of the gut microbiota in adults is far less diverse than the larvae, irrespective of the fruit used. But several phylotypes, such as those near Acinetobacter bereziniae, Cedecea davisae strains, Comamonas koreensis, Enterobacter asburiae, Empedobacter brevis and Hydrogenophilus hirschii, besides the intracellular parasite Wolbachia pipientis, remained attached to the gut of larvae and adults of A. fraterculus, even after metamorphosis. The analysis of bacterial communities of A. fraterculus suggests that variations in their structures are related to the food substrate used by the insect.

Parâmetros morfométricos do tubo digestório são necessários para o conhecimento dos processos digestivos dos alimentos no organismo animal além de indicar a preferência alimentar de uma espécie. Este trabalho visou descrever morfologicamente os intestinos delgado e grosso, órgãos do sistema digestório de representantes da ordem Xenarthra a fim de fornecer subsídios para a avaliação da dieta e realização de procedimentos clínicos nestes animais, sejam de vida livre ou de cativeiro. Foram utilizados no total 7 espécimes entre preguiças-de-coleira (Bradypus torquatus), tatu-verdadeiro (Dasypus novemcinctus) e tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). Todas as amostras foram processadas seguindo procedimentos de rotina para a macroscopia, e microscopia de luz e varredura. Os intestinos de B. torquatus se apresentaram curtos e simples, já em D. novemcintus e M. tridactyla notamos intestino longo e com algumas peculiaridades. No duodeno de todos os espécimes notamos presença de glândulas de Brünner, que aumentam a superfície de absorção. Apenas em B. torquatus, o mesentério mantinha o jejuno preso à parede dorsal da cavidade abdominal. O íleo representou a menor porção do intestino em todos os espécimes estudados, exceto M. tridactyla. O ceco em D. novemcinctus e M. tridactyla apresentava tamanho considerável e glândulas na mucosa, indicando a funcionalidade do órgão. Na mucosa do cólon de todos os espécimes, havia criptas de Lieberkühn, sendo mais numerosas em D. novemcinctus e M. tridactyla. Apenas em B. torquatus, o reto apresentou maior diâmetro e rigidez em relação ao cólon. No reto de todas as espécies estudadas, notamos a superfície glandular numerosa e grande quantidade de células caliciformes, que produzem muco para facilitar a defecação. Por fim, neste estudo notamos que os intestinos dos exemplares estudados têm algumas semelhanças entre si, principalmente entre D. novemcintus e M. tridactyla, provavelmente por serem ambos insetívoros, mas diferem em muitos aspectos, por vezes apresentando-se mais próximos aos intestinos de espécies de outras famílias do que dentro da família dos Xenarthras, possívelmente devido à alimentação semelhante / Morphometric parameters of the digestive tract are required for an understanding of the digestive processes of the food in the animal organism, besides indicating the feeding preference of specie. This study aimed to describe morphologically the small and large intestines, organs of the digestive system of representatives of Xenarthra order to provide data for the evaluation of diet and conduct clinical procedures in these animals, whether free-living or captive. At this research, were used in total 7 specimens from three-toed sloths (Bradypus torquatus), nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) and giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). All samples were processed following routine procedures for macroscopic, and light and scanning electron microscopy. The intestines of B. torquatus were short and simple, but at the specimens of D. novemcintus and M. tridactyla the intestines were long and had some peculiarities. We notice the presence of Brunner\'s glands and structures to increase the surface absorption at the duodenum of all specimens. Only in B. torquatus, we notice that the mesentery remains the jejune attached to the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity. The ileum represented the lower portion of the intestines in all studied specimens except in M.tridactyla. The cecum in D. novemcinctus and M. tridactyla showed considerable size, glands at the mucosa and was full of food debris, indicating that it is functional. In the mucosa of the colon of all specimens had crypts of Lieberkühn, being more numerous in D. novemcinctus and M. tridactyla. Only in B. torquatus, the rectum showed greater diameter and stiffness compared to the colon. In all species studied, we notice a large glandular surface and lots of goblet cells that produce mucus to facilitate defecation. In summary, this study noted that the intestines of the studied has some similarities between them, especially among D. novemcintus and M. tridactyla, probably because they are both insectivores, but differ in many ways, presenting sometimes the intestines more assimilated with species of other families than within the family of Xenarthras, especially among animals with similar feed habits

The purpose of this study is to investigate the disappearance of crude fiber and lignin from the digestive tracts of healthy young college women consuming a self-selected diet.

Parâmetros morfométricos do tubo digestório são necessários para o conhecimento dos processos digestivos dos alimentos no organismo animal além de indicar a preferência alimentar de uma espécie. Este trabalho visou descrever morfologicamente os intestinos delgado e grosso, órgãos do sistema digestório de representantes da ordem Xenarthra a fim de fornecer subsídios para a avaliação da dieta e realização de procedimentos clínicos nestes animais, sejam de vida livre ou de cativeiro. Foram utilizados no total 7 espécimes entre preguiças-de-coleira (Bradypus torquatus), tatu-verdadeiro (Dasypus novemcinctus) e tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). Todas as amostras foram processadas seguindo procedimentos de rotina para a macroscopia, e microscopia de luz e varredura. Os intestinos de B. torquatus se apresentaram curtos e simples, já em D. novemcintus e M. tridactyla notamos intestino longo e com algumas peculiaridades. No duodeno de todos os espécimes notamos presença de glândulas de Brünner, que aumentam a superfície de absorção. Apenas em B. torquatus, o mesentério mantinha o jejuno preso à parede dorsal da cavidade abdominal. O íleo representou a menor porção do intestino em todos os espécimes estudados, exceto M. tridactyla. O ceco em D. novemcinctus e M. tridactyla apresentava tamanho considerável e glândulas na mucosa, indicando a funcionalidade do órgão. Na mucosa do cólon de todos os espécimes, havia criptas de Lieberkühn, sendo mais numerosas em D. novemcinctus e M. tridactyla. Apenas em B. torquatus, o reto apresentou maior diâmetro e rigidez em relação ao cólon. No reto de todas as espécies estudadas, notamos a superfície glandular numerosa e grande quantidade de células caliciformes, que produzem muco para facilitar a defecação. Por fim, neste estudo notamos que os intestinos dos exemplares estudados têm algumas semelhanças entre si, principalmente entre D. novemcintus e M. tridactyla, provavelmente por serem ambos insetívoros, mas diferem em muitos aspectos, por vezes apresentando-se mais próximos aos intestinos de espécies de outras famílias do que dentro da família dos Xenarthras, possívelmente devido à alimentação semelhante / Morphometric parameters of the digestive tract are required for an understanding of the digestive processes of the food in the animal organism, besides indicating the feeding preference of specie. This study aimed to describe morphologically the small and large intestines, organs of the digestive system of representatives of Xenarthra order to provide data for the evaluation of diet and conduct clinical procedures in these animals, whether free-living or captive. At this research, were used in total 7 specimens from three-toed sloths (Bradypus torquatus), nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) and giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). All samples were processed following routine procedures for macroscopic, and light and scanning electron microscopy. The intestines of B. torquatus were short and simple, but at the specimens of D. novemcintus and M. tridactyla the intestines were long and had some peculiarities. We notice the presence of Brunner\'s glands and structures to increase the surface absorption at the duodenum of all specimens. Only in B. torquatus, we notice that the mesentery remains the jejune attached to the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity. The ileum represented the lower portion of the intestines in all studied specimens except in M.tridactyla. The cecum in D. novemcinctus and M. tridactyla showed considerable size, glands at the mucosa and was full of food debris, indicating that it is functional. In the mucosa of the colon of all specimens had crypts of Lieberkühn, being more numerous in D. novemcinctus and M. tridactyla. Only in B. torquatus, the rectum showed greater diameter and stiffness compared to the colon. In all species studied, we notice a large glandular surface and lots of goblet cells that produce mucus to facilitate defecation. In summary, this study noted that the intestines of the studied has some similarities between them, especially among D. novemcintus and M. tridactyla, probably because they are both insectivores, but differ in many ways, presenting sometimes the intestines more assimilated with species of other families than within the family of Xenarthras, especially among animals with similar feed habits

A study was conducted to isolate and identify bacteria from “amabere amaruranu” cultured-milk from Kenya and to evaluate the isolates’ potential to be used as probiotics. Isolates were identified using PCR sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and the API® 50 identification system. Identified isolates included: Acetobacter tropicalis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus safensis, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus sciuri. Their potential as probiotics was evaluated using their ability to survive in acid-then-bile conditions, antibacterial activity (against Escherichia coli, Klebsialla pneumonia, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae), mucin degradation activity, and sensitivity to antibiotics (ampicillin, bacitracin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, kanamycin, penicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline). Lactobacillus isolates were tolerant to acid-then-bile conditions, non-mucinolytic and inhibited growth of indicator strains but only L. rhamnosus was sensitive to all test antibiotics. Bacillus isolates were tolerant to acid-then-bile conditions, non-mucinolytic, lacked antibacterial activity and only B. safensis was sensitive to all test antibiotics. Acetobacter tropicalis isolates were non-mucinolytic but were intolerant to acid-then-bile conditions. In conclusion, both Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bacillus safensis isolates that showed tolerance to digestive tract conditions, were sensitive to antibiotics and were non-mucinolytic would be recommended for further consideration as candidate probiotics.

A study was conducted to isolate and identify bacteria from “amabere amaruranu” cultured-milk from Kenya and to evaluate the isolates’ potential to be used as probiotics. Isolates were identified using PCR sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and the API® 50 identification system. Identified isolates included: Acetobacter tropicalis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus safensis, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus sciuri. Their potential as probiotics was evaluated using their ability to survive in acid-then-bile conditions, antibacterial activity (against Escherichia coli, Klebsialla pneumonia, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae), mucin degradation activity, and sensitivity to antibiotics (ampicillin, bacitracin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, kanamycin, penicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline). Lactobacillus isolates were tolerant to acid-then-bile conditions, non-mucinolytic and inhibited growth of indicator strains but only L. rhamnosus was sensitive to all test antibiotics. Bacillus isolates were tolerant to acid-then-bile conditions, non-mucinolytic, lacked antibacterial activity and only B. safensis was sensitive to all test antibiotics. Acetobacter tropicalis isolates were non-mucinolytic but were intolerant to acid-then-bile conditions. In conclusion, both Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bacillus safensis isolates that showed tolerance to digestive tract conditions, were sensitive to antibiotics and were non-mucinolytic would be recommended for further consideration as candidate probiotics.

No description available.