Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:21:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1743136 bytes, checksum: 691548bbf7c48feb134408fcb743336e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The lanthanide complexes have been extensively applied in several fields of knowledge. Most of these applications depend on the catalytic and spectroscopic properties of trivalent lanthanide ions. In this context, this work involves the synthesis of two classes of two-functionalized ligands between bases of nitrogen and β-diketones (classes A and B) order at future applications as catalysts for organic reactions and / or chemical sensors. The Class A, β-diketone linked to bidentate nitrogen ligands such as 2,2 -bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline were designed for this work, however no success was obtained in the last step of the synthesis. Three mixed β-diketones and pyridine ligands: 1,3-phenyl-(4-pyridyl)-propane-1,3 dione (12) (Class A), 1,3-methyl-2-(4-pyridyl)-propane-1 ,3-dione (16) and 1,3-diphenyl-2-(4-pyridyl)-propane-1 ,3-dione (17) (class B) were obtained with moderate yields. All synthesized intermediates and synthesized ligands were characterized by mass spectrometry, 1H and 13C NMR. The complex tris-β-diketonates of Eu3+ and Gd3+ were synthesized with the ligand 12. The ability of the ligand to donate energy to the lanthanide ions was evaluated by the luminescence spectra of the complex between 12 and Gd3+ ion, where it was observed that the ligand acts as "antenna" very efficient, sensitizing the luminescence of the metal center. From the complex of ligand 12 with the spectroscopic properties of Eu3+ complex formed were investigated based on data obtained from emission, excitation spectras and decay curves luminescence. From the emission spectra was possible to obtain a series of spectroscopic parameters for the complex of the Eu3+ ion where it was noticed the absence of the bands related to the fluorescence and / or phosphorescence of the ligand, suggesting that the processes of energy transfer from ligand to the excited levels of the metal center are very efficient. / Os complexos de íons lantanídeos vêm sendo intensivamente aplicados em diversas áreas do conhecimento. A maioria dessas aplicações depende das propriedades catalíticas e espectroscópicas dos íons lantanídeos trivalentes. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho envolve a síntese de duas classes de ligantes bifuncionalizados com bases nitrogenadas e β-dicetonas (classes A e B), visando futuras aplicações como catalisadores para reações orgânicas e/ ou sensores químicos. Da classe A, compostos mistos de β-dicetonas e ligantes bidentados nitrogenados, como 2,2 -bipiridina e 1,10-fenantrolina foram projetados, entretanto não obteve-se sucesso na última etapa da síntese. Três ligantes mistos de β-dicetonas e piridina,1-fenil-3-(4-piridil)-propano-1,3 diona (12) (classe A), 1,3-metil-2-(4-piridil)-propano-1,3-diona (16) e 1,3-difenil-2-(4-piridil)-propano-1,3-diona (17) (classe B), foram obtidos com rendimentos moderados. Todos os intermediários de síntese e ligantes sintetizados foram caracterizados por espectrometria de massa, RMN de 1H e 13C. Os complexos tris-β-dicetonatos de Eu3+ e Gd3+ foram sintetizados com o ligante 12. A capacidade do ligante 12 em doar energia para os íons lantanídeos foi avaliada através dos espectros de luminescência do complexo com íon Gd3+, onde observou-se que o ligante 12 atua como uma antena muito eficiente, sensibilizando a luminescência do centro metálico. A partir do complexo do ligante 12 com Eu3+ as propriedades espectroscópicas do complexo formado foram investigadas com base nos dados obtidos a partir dos espectros de emissão, excitação e curvas de decaimento de luminescência. A partir dos espectros de emissão foi possível obter uma série de parâmetros espectroscópicos para o complexo do íon Eu3+, onde percebeu-se a ausência das bandas referentes à fluorescência e/ou fosforescência do ligante, sugerindo que os processos de transferência de energia do ligante para os níveis excitados do centro metálico são muito eficientes.

This thesis deals with different optimization problems encountered in organic synthesis. The use of response surface, sequential simplex and PLS techniques, for simultanious optimization of yield and suppression of side reactions is investigated. This is illustrated by an example of enamine synthesis, were a side reaction was a serious problem. The problem of efficient screening to find suitable catalysts and solvents in new reactions is also investigated. Here, the use of principal properties as selection criterion, is demonstrated with a new process for the silylation of a,ß-unsaturated ketones. The extension of the new method to bis silylation of 1,2- and 1,3-diketones is demonstrated. The total synthesis of (±)-geosmin is investigated by an approach aimed to reduce the number of necessary steps involved. The suggested strategy, is to find compatible solvents through several transformations in the sequence to accomplish one-pot multistep reactions. In this context an improved method for the preparation of 1,10-dimethyl-l(9)-octalone-2 was established. Comparison with previously reported total syntheses of (±)-geosmin was done. / digitalisering@umu

The thesis entitled “Synthesis and applications of 1,4-diketones and γ-oxobutyramides derived from tartaric acid” is divided into two chapters. Chapter 1: Synthesis of TADDOL analogues by nucleophilic addition reactions and their application to the synthesis of α-methoxy arylacetic acid derivatives Synthesis of various TADDOL analogues by the addition of nucleophiles to 1,4-diketones derived from L-(+)-tartaric acid is presented in this chapter. It is found that the reduction of 1,4-Diketones 1a-d with K-Selectride pre-complexed with 18-crown-6 which is the optimized condition to attain better diastereoselectivity towards the C2-symmetric isomer 2a-d (Scheme 1). Addition of Grignard reagents to diketones 1a, 1eh is dependent on nature of Grignard reagents, solvent and temperature. (Structural formula) Scheme 1: Synthesis of TADDOL analogues Application of the synthesized TADDOL analogues in synthesis of enantiopure α-methoxy arylacetic acid derivatives is discussed. The C2-symmetric 1,4-diols 2a-d (TADDOL analogues) are utilized in the synthesis of enantiopure α-methoxy arylacetic acid derivatives as shown in scheme 2. Scheme 2: Synthesis of α-methoxy arylacetic acid derivatives. (SF) Both enantiomers of α-alkyl-α-methoxy arylacetic acids 13a-b and ent-13a are synthesized from the respective C2-symmetric diols 5a-b and 7a-b (scheme 3). (SF) Scheme 3: Synthesis of both enantiomers of α-alkyl-α-methoxy arylacetic acids. Chapter 2: Facile Synthesis of α,β-dihydroxy-γ-butyrolactones and jaspine B from γ-oxobutyramides derived from tartaric acid A short and efficient route for the synthesis of γ-alkyl/aryl-α,β-dihydroxy-γ-butyrolactones 15a-j is accomplished from γ-oxobutyramides 14a-l derived from tartaric acid. Key step includes a controlled addition of Grignard reagent and stereoselective reduction (Scheme 4). (sF) Scheme 4: Synthesis of α,β-dihydroxy-γ-butyrolactones and jaspine B. Utility of the γ-oxobutyramides is further exemplified in the synthesis of jaspine B 18 a cytotoxic anhydrophytosphingosine in 48% overall yield (Scheme 5). (SF) . Scheme 5: Synthesis of α,β-dihydroxy-γ-butyrolactones and jaspine B. Appendix: Serendipitous observation of polymorphism in TADDOL analogue induced by the presence of chiral impurity Polymorphism in one of the TADDOL analogues is serendipitously observed and demonstrated that the 2% impure diastereomer is responsible for the formation of one of the pol ymorphic crystals (Figure 1). (SF) Figure 1: Diastereomeric impurity induced polymorphism. (For structural formula pl see the pdf file)

Dans ce manuscrit, un travail hautement multidisciplinaire, de la synthèse de ligands organiques à la caractérisation de couches minces, est présenté. L'objectif principal de cette étude était d'élaborer de nouveaux précurseurs de niobium, de titane et d'alcalino-terreux adaptés au procédé de dépôt de couches minces par CBVD développé par la société 3D-OXIDES. Afin de répondre aux exigences de ce procédé, deux classes innovantes de dérivés moléculaires à base de ß-amino-alcool ou de ß-dicétone ?-modifiée ont été élaborées grâce à la synthèse organique de nouveaux ligands. Les complexes métalliques ont ensuite été entièrement caractériser et leur intérêt respectif dans le processus de dépôt par CBVD a été étudié à travers la détermination des pressions de vapeur, les taux de croissance, les caractérisations spectroscopiques et analyses des couches minces / In this manuscript, a highly multidisciplinary work from organic ligand syntheses to thin films characterizations is presented. The main objective of this study was to elaborate new suitable niobium-, titanium-, and alkaline earth-based precursors for CBVD thin film deposition process developed by 3D-OXIDES company. In order to reach the requirements for CBVD deposits applications, two innovative classes of molecular derivatives based on either ß-amino-alcohol or ?-modified ß-diketone ligand have been elaborated, starting from the organic synthesis of new ligands, and thoroughly characterized. Their respective interest in CBVD deposition process was fully analyzed through the determination of vapor pressures, growth rates and spectroscopic and thin film characterizations

The presented dissertation encompasses three distinct investigations into novel complexes with diverse applications. Firstly, a Europium-based complex, K[Eu(hfa)4], exhibits remarkable potential for detecting dissolved CO2 in an ethylene glycol medium, offering a low limit of detection, rapid response times, and high signal-to-noise ratios. This complex demonstrates promise for quantifying CO2 concentrations and finds utility in sugar fermentation monitoring. Secondly, an innovative ratiometric optical sensor, Eu(tta)3([4,4'-(t-bu)2-2,2'-bpy)], showcases exceptional sensitivity and selectivity in detecting aluminum ions, making it suitable for environmental and biological applications. It exhibits reliable quantification in both methanol and aqueous samples, with remarkable accuracy validated by ICP-OES. Lastly, modifications to the Au3Pz3 complex synthesis enable the development of a silver ion sensor, paving the way for detecting silver ion leaching in real-life scenarios, such as silver nanoparticle-embedded bandages. The research extends to the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using various methods and foresees expanded in vitro and in vivo studies. These investigations collectively offer insights into the development of advanced sensing technologies with significant implications for a wide range of practical applications.

Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) are important tools for generating chiral α-hydroxyketones. Previously, only the ADH of Thauera aromatica was known to convert cyclic α-diketones with appropriate preference. Here, we extend the spectrum of suitable enzymes by three alcohol dehydrogenases from Citrifermentans bemidjiense (CibADH), Deferrisoma camini (DecADH), and Thauera phenylacetica (ThpADH). Of these, DecADH is characterized by very high thermostability; CibADH and ThpADH convert α-halogenated cyclohexanones with increased activity. Otherwise, however, the substrate spectrum of all four ADHs is highly conserved. Structural considerations led to the conclusion that conversion of diketones requires not only the expansion of the active site into a large binding pocket, but also the circumferential modification of almost all amino acid residues that form the first shell of the binding pocket. The constellation appears to be overall highly specific for the relative positioning of the carbonyl functions and the size of the C-ring.