Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-138). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Bibliography: Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-138). Description: xii, 138 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1929. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves i-xiii).

Although the European flora belongs to the best explored at the global scale, still there are several largely neglected plant groups, which may surprise by marked variation. One of these groups is Urtica dioica s. l., consisting of vaguely described taxa (microspecies / subspecies) with indefinite distribution. The most important source of variation in U. dioica s. l. is probably polyploidy (2x, 4x; x = 13). The complex comprises an ubiquitous tetraploid cytotype (U. dioica s. str.) and several obscurely defined relict 2x taxa. The cytogeographical analysis through Europe (770 populations / over 3 200 individuals) revealed marked distribution pattern of U. dioica s. l. cytotypes. We identified 106 diploid populations (13%) and 633 (82%) tetraploid populations. For the first time we detected triploid and pentaploid level (from mixed populations). Prevailing tetraploid U. dioica s. str. is predominantly synanthropic, whereas diploid taxa strictly occur in primary and relict habitats (primarily alluvial forests, tundra, Mediterranean mountains). The analysis of the absolute genome size of individuals from U. dioica clade and other closely related taxa showed different values of 2x U. kioviensis (19 % higher than 2x U. d. subsp. subinermis) and 2x U. bianorii (33% higher than 2x U. d. subsp....

Darbo tikslas: Kokybinė - kiekybinė baltymų frakcijų, praturtintų lektinais, iš Urtica dioica L. žolės, sausojo ekstrakto analizė ir antimikrobinio poveikio įvertinimas. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Išskirti baltymų frakcijas, praturtintas lektinais, iš Urtica dioica L. šviežios ir džiovintos žolės bei sausojo ekstrakto; 2. Sausos Urtica dioica L. žolės frakcijose nustatyti baltymų dalelių dydį; 3. Įvertinti baltymų frakcijų, išskirtų iš Urtica dioica L. šviežios ir džiovintos žolės bei sausojo ekstrakto, hemagliutinacinį aktyvumą; 4. Kiekybiškai įvertinti baltymų kiekį gautose frakcijose; 5. Atlikti kiekybinę lektinų analizę pagal hemagliutinacijos titrą; 6. Įvertinti lektinais praturtintų frakcijų, išskirtų iš Urtica dioica L. džiovintos žolės bei sausojo ekstrakto, antimikrobinį aktyvumą. Darbo metodai: 1. Lektinais praturtintas baltymų frakcijas išskyrėme, taikydami tirpalų prisotinimą amonio sulfatu iki skirtingos procentinės koncentracijos; 2. Lektinai identifikuoti, pritaikius triušio eritrocitų hemagliutinacijos reakciją; 3. SDS – PAGE elektroforezės metodu nustatytas frakcijų dalelių dydis; 4. Bradfordo metodu kiekybiškai įvertinta baltymų sudėtis išskirtose frakcijose; 5. Lektinai kiekybiškai įvertinti pagal hemagliutinacinį aktyvumą; 6. Antibakterinis aktyvumas įvertintas standžiosiose Miulerio – Chintono agaro mitybos terpėse cilindriukų metodu. Tyrimo rezultatai: 1. Hemagliutinacinis aktyvumas nustatytas visose išskirtose baltymų frakcijose. 2. Didžiausiu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of experiment: The qualitative – quantitaive analysis and antibacterial activity evaluation of lectin enriched protein fractions from Urtica dioica L. fresh and dry herb and dry extract; Experiment tasks: 1. To extract the lectin enriched protein fractions from Urtica dioica L. fresh and dry herb and dry extract; 2. To assess the size of protein particles from Urtica dioica L. dry herb by SDS-PAGE assay; 3. To determine the hemagglutinating activity of lectin enriched fractions from Urtica dioica L. fresh and dry herb and dry extract; 4. To evaluate the protein amount in prepared fractions by Bradford assay; 5. To analyse the lectin amount by hemagglutination titre; 6. To evaluate the antibacterial activity of lectin enriched fractions from Urtica dioica L. fresh and dry herb and dry extract; Methods: 1. We used the precipitation with ammonium sulphate for the extraction of lectin enriched protein fractions; 2. Lectins were identified by hemagglutination assay; 3. We determined the size of protein particles using SDS-PAGE method. 4. We evaluated protein amount in fractions by Bradford assay; 5. Lectin quantity was evaluated by hemagglutination titer; 6. We evaluated the antibacterial activity on solid medium with Peni cylinders. Results: 1. The hemagglutinating activity was found in all protein fractions. 2. Maximum of hemagglutinating activity (2,95) was noticed in the first lectin enriched protein fraction from fresh Urtica dioica L. herb. 3. The particle size was... [to full text]

R. Staršelskytės magistro baigiamasis darbas/ mokslinė vadovė prof. N. Savickienė; Konsultantės: dr. Annabella Vitalone, prof. Gabriela Mazzanti, dr. Antonella Di Sotto; Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto, Farmacijos fakulteto, Farmakognozijos katedra. – Kaunas. Romos universiteto La Sapienza, Fiziologijos ir farmakologijos katedra. – Roma. Darbo tikslas: baltymų frakcijų, praturtintų lektinais, išskirtų iš Urtica doica L. žolės, antimutageninio, citotoksinio ir antioksidacinio aktyvumo įvertinimas. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti Urtica dioica L. baltymų frakcijų įtaką Salmonella typhimurium ir Escherichia coli kamienų mutageniškumui, naudojant AMES testo metodą. 2. Ištirti Urtica dioica L. baltymų frakcijų citotoksiškumą HepG2 ląstelių proliferacijai, naudojant MTT dažo redukcijos reakcijos metodą. 3. Ištirti Urtica dioica L. baltymų frakcijų antioksidacinį aktyvumą, naudojant modelinius ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-(3-etilbenztiazolin-6-sulfono rūgšties)) ir superoksido radikalus. Metodai: 1. Lektinais praturtintų baltymų frakcijų antimutageniškumas tiriamas AMES testo metodu (grįžtamosios mutacijos modeliu in vitro) su S9 metabolinės aktyvacijos sistema (supernatantu iš žiurkių (paveiktų fenobarbitalio/β-naftoflavono mišiniu) kepenų lątelių mitochondrijų) ir be S9 metabolinės aktyvacijos sistemos. Eksperimentui naudojami trys bakterijų kamienai: S. typhimurium TA98, S. typhimurium TA100 ir E. coli WP2uvrA. 2. Citotoksiškumas nustatomas MTT dažo redukcijos reakcijos metodu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Rasa Staršelskytė master thesis/ Supervisor of the research paper: prof. Nijolė Savickienė1 Consultants: PhD Annabella Vitalone, prof. Gabriela Mazzanti, PhD Antonella Di Sotto2 1Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania 2Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy Objective of work: evaluation of antimutagenicity, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of lectin-enriched protein fractions from herb of Urtica dioica L. Main tasks: 1. To evaluate antimutagenic activity of lectin-enriched protein fractions by bacterial reverse mutation assay. 2. To determine cytotoxicity of lectin-enriched protein fraction by the tetrazolium dye (MTT) colorimetric assay. 3. To evaluate antioxidant activity of lectin-enriched protein fraction against ABTS-free radical and superoxide-radical. Methods: 1. The antimutagenicity was studied in a bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test), both in the absence and presence of an exogenous metabolic activator S9 (the liver postmitochondrial supernatant of rats treated with the mixture phenobarbital/β-naphthoflavone to induce the hepatic microsomal enzymes). A set of three strains, S. typhimurium TA98, S. typhimurium TA100 and E. coli WP2uvrA, was used. 2. Cytotoxicity was determined by the tetrazolium dye (MTT) colorimetric assay in HepG2 human hepatoblastoma cell line. 3. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by ABTS-free radical scavenging activity test... [to full text]

Most life forms, including plants, are more or less susceptible to infection by pathogens. Whereas plant-pathogen interactions are well studied in human-managed systems they are less known in natural ecosystems. In this thesis the interactions between the sterilising anther-smut fungus Microbotryum silenes-dioicae and the host plant Silene dioica were studied in natural habitats in the Skeppsvik archipelago in northern Sweden. The purpose was to study some population characteristics that can potentially influence the colonization of anther-smut (Microbotryum silenes-dioicae) in young Silene dioica populations. Specifically, it was tested whether the population age, floral-  and total density, population size and distances to nearest diseased populations affect incidence of disease (presence of disease) and prevalence of disease (proportion of diseased individuals in populations) in younger host populations. It was found that incidence and prevalence of disease increased with host population age and size. In addition, it was seen that distances to diseased populations could not explain incidence or prevalence of disease. These results can potentially be used to predict disease risk in similar plant-pathogen systems.

<p>Glavni cilj istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije je bio ispitivanje hemijskog sastava lista koprive (Urtica dioica L.), primena različitih ekstrakcionih tehnika radi izolovanja aktivnih jedinjenja iz lista, ispitivanje njihovog hemijskog sastava, kao i formulacija prehrambenog proizvoda dodavanjem ekstrakta lista.<br />U cilju ispitivanja sastava lista primenjene su različite analitičke tehnike kao &scaron;to su GC/MS, GC/FID, UHPLC-DAD/MS/MS, ICP-OES, živin analizator, AAS i spektrofotometrija. Pri tome je dokazano prisustvo različitih klasa hemijskih jedinjenja među kojima su pigmenti (hlorofil i karotenoidi), terpenoidi, fenolni i polifenolna jedinjenja, vitamini (vitamin C i vitamini B grupe) i masne kiseline.<br />Za izdvajanje biolo&scaron;ki aktivnih jedinjenja primenjene su različite tehnike ekstrakcije, kao &scaron;to<br />su: maceracija, Soxhlet ekstrakcija, ultrazvučna (UAE), mikrotalasna (MAE) i superkritična<br />ekstrakcija (SFE). Preliminarne UAE ekstrakcije su pokazale da je voda bila najpogodnija kao rastvarač, odnosno da su vodeni ekstrakti pokazali najveću antioksidativnu aktivnost, kao i najveći sadržaj ukupnih fenola (TPC) i flavonoida (TFC). Pripremljeni vodeni ekstrakti su dalje ispitivani u pogledu sastava, antioksidativne, citotoksične i antimikrobne aktivnosti, gde su rezultati međusobno poređeni kako bi se odabrala najpogodnija ekstrakciona tehnika. Kod SFE je ispitan uticaj uslova ekstrakcije, odnosno pritiska i temperature na<br />sastav dobijenih ekstrakata i njihovu biolo&scaron;ku aktivnost (antioksidativna i citotoksična). Iscrpljeni list korpive je nakon SFE bio ekstrahovan primenom UAE i MAE tehnika, gde su dobijenim ekstraktima utvrđeni sastav i biolo&scaron;ka aktivnost. Nakon svih ispitivanja, MAE ekstrakt i suvi list koprive su dalje primenjeni u formulaciji prehrambenog proizvoda (hleba), gde je variran njihov sadržaj, dok su analizirani sastav, tehnolo&scaron;ki kvalitet hleba, kao i biolo&scaron;ka aktivnost (antioksidativna i citotoksična).</p> / <p>The main goals of this PhD thesis were investigation<br />of chemical composition of stinging nettle leaves<br />(Urtica dioica L.), application of different extraction<br />techniques for isolation of biologically active<br />compounds from leaves, investigation of their<br />chemical composition and formulation of food<br />product with addition of dried leaves and/or its extract.<br />For those purposes, different analytical techniques<br />were applied, i.e. GC/MS, GC/FID, UHPLCDAD/<br />MS/MS, ICP-OES, direct mercury analyzer,<br />AAS and spectrophotometry. Different classes of<br />chemical compounds were detected and identified,<br />such as: pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids),<br />terpenoids, phenolic and polyphenolic compounds,<br />vitamins (vitamin C and B group) and fatty acids.<br />For the purpose of isolation of biologically active<br />compounds, different extraction techniques were<br />applied: maceration, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound<br />(UAE), microwave (MAE) and supercritical (SFE)<br />extraction. Preliminary conducted extraction, as well<br />as total phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC)<br />contents, showed that water was the most suitable<br />solvent for further course of investigation. Water<br />extracts were further analyzed regarding their<br />chemical composition, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. Obtained result were<br />compared in order to select the most efficient<br />extraction technique. In the case of SFE, influence of<br />pressure and temperature on extraction yield,<br />composition and biological activity of prepared<br />extracts were monitored. Exhausted plant material<br />after SFE was used for further MAE extraction, while<br />obtained extracts were analyzed to investigate<br />chemical composition and biological activity.<br />After conducted experiments and analysis, MAE<br />extract was used for formulation of food product<br />(bread) where it was added in different amounts in<br />combination of without dried leaves. Obtained<br />products were analyzed regarding their chemical<br />composition, technological requirements and<br />biological activity.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T12:56:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALVARO ITAUNA SCHALCHER PEREIRA.pdf: 1919061 bytes, checksum: b573938dd4b8e1b868b6c8080c436851 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-08 / Plants are an important source of biologically active products, many of which are on models for the synthesis of new drugs. With the increase of the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, bacteria resistant to conventional antimicrobial therapy have emerged and the essential oils are mentioned as an alternative to the problem. This work is promoted the extraction of essential oils of Pimenta dioica Lindl species (fruit) and duckei Aniba Kostermans (branches), the method of hydrodistillation using a Clevenger and their mixture in equal parts. The species Aniba duckei Kostermans, last classification of pau rosa Amazon, is a native species in the Amazon region, the family of Lauráceas. You can reach 30m in height. The type of vegetation occurring is tropical moist forest and land. Its essential oil is used in perfumery because of its high content of linalool. The plant species Pimenta dioica Lindl, popularly known as allspice, is a tree 6 to 15 m in height and belongs to the family of Mirtaceae and is home to Central America and western India. In Brazil, the plant is found in large scale in the State of Bahia and Recife. Its fruit contains an essential oil of great economic value in the international market due to high content of eugenol which is widely used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. After extraction, the mixture of oils were characterized by the following physical parameters: density (25 ° C), solubility in 70% ethanol, a refractive index (ND 25), color, appearance and odor. Furthermore, it was possible, the techniques of UV-Vis spectrophotometry, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify with certainty the linalool and eugenol as major constituents of the mixture of essential oils. In applying the mixture of essential oils and standards of eugenol and linalool as antimicrobial agents using the Kirby-Bauer method for the bacteria Bacillus cereus, Chromobacterium violaceum, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Thyphi, Serratia marcescens and antibiotics ampicillin, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, erythromycin, gentamicin, novobiocin, penicillin, tetracycline and vancomycin, for comparison. You can see that the study of antimicrobial activity showed that the mixture of essential oils showed excellent activity against all bacteria tested, with the eugenol and linalool are the main responsible for this effectiveness. In this research we observed that the blend of essential oils is more efficient than the standards of eugenol and linalool and the antibiotics tested for the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Chromobacterium violaceum. For Bacillus cereus, Serratia marcescens and Salmonella Thyphi the mixture was not more effective than the antibiotics Tetracycline, Erythromycin, Cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ampicillin and penicillin. / As plantas são uma fonte importante de produtos biologicamente ativos, muitos dos quais se constituem em modelos para a síntese de novos fármacos. Com o aumento indiscriminado do uso de antibióticos, bactérias resistentes à terapia antimicrobiana convencional têm surgido e os óleos essenciais são apontados como alternativa para o problema. Neste trabalho promoveu-se a extração dos óleos essenciais das espécies Pimenta dioica Lindl (frutos) e da Aniba duckei Kostermans (galhos), pelo método de hidrodestilação, utilizando um sistema Clevenger e sua mistura em partes iguais. A espécie vegetal Aniba duckei Kostermans, última classificação do pau rosa amazônica, é uma espécie nativa da região amazônica, da família das Lauráceas. E pode atingir até 30m de altura. O tipo de vegetação onde ocorre é de floresta tropical úmida e terra firme. Seu óleo essencial é utilizado em perfumaria, devido ao seu alto teor de linalol. A espécie vegetal Pimenta dioica Lindl, conhecida popularmente como pimenta da jamaica, é uma árvore de 6 a 15 m de altura, e pertence à família das Mirtaceae e tem como origem a América Central e oeste da Índia. No Brasil, a planta é encontrada em grande escala no Estado da Bahia e Recife. Seu fruto contém um óleo essencial de grande valor econômico no mercado internacional, devido ao elevado teor de eugenol o qual é largamente usado nas indústrias químicas e farmacêuticas. Após a extração, a mistura dos óleos foram caracterizados pelos seguintes parâmetros físicos: densidade (25 ºC), solubilidade em etanol a 70%, índice de refração (ND 25º), cor, aparência e odor. Além disso, foi possível, pelas técnicas de espectrofotometria de UV-Vis, cromatografia gasosa e espectrometria de massas, identificar, com segurança o linalol e o eugenol como constituintes majoritários da mistura de óleos essenciais. Na aplicação da mistura de óleos essenciais e dos padrões de eugenol e linalol como agentes antimicrobianos, utilizou-se o Método de Bauer-Kirby para as bactérias Bacillus cereus, Chromobacterium violaceum, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Thyphi, Serratia marcescens e os antibióticos Ampicilina, Cefotaxima, Cefoxitina, Eritromicina, Gentamicina, Novobiocina, Penicilina, Tetraciclina e Vancomicina, para comparação. Pode-se perceber que o estudo da atividade antimicrobiana revelou que a mistura de óleos essenciais apresentou excelente atividade contra todas as bactérias testadas, sendo que o eugenol e o linalol são os principais responsáveis por esta eficácia. Nessa pesquisa observou-se que a mistura de óleos essenciais é mais eficiente que os padrões de Eugenol e Linalol e os antibióticos testados para os microrganismo Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Chromobacterium violaceum. Para o Bacillus cereus, Serratia marcescens e Salmonella Thyphi a mistura só não foi mais eficiente que os antibióticos Tetraciclina, Eritromicina, Cefoxitina, Cefotaxima, Ampicilina e Penicilina.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T12:56:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco Reivilandio.pdf: 1587328 bytes, checksum: 64f5702f7917c2248cddce09472cef03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-10 / Jamaican pepper, Pimenta dioica Lindl, is a species belonging to the family of Myrtacea, measuring 6m to 15m high, very aromatic in all its parts. It is originally from Central America and West India and with great economic importance in the market of essential oils. The extraction of the essential oil of Pimenta dioica L seeds was carried out by using the method of hydrodistillation known as Cleverger system. It was extracted from a maximum volume of oil in the period of four hours with a yield of 2.8% m/m. The UV spectrophotometric techniques, mass spectrometry and gas chromatography, as well as the physical constants, density, color and appearance were used to identify the compound eugenol and other constituents of the essential oil of P. dioica L. Through the technique of external standard and standard addition it was quantified with a eugenol percentage of 76.98%, forming the major component. The essential oil of Pimenta dioica L was applied to the phyto pathogenic fungi species Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae, Fusarium subglutinans f. sp ananas., Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense resulting in a total inhibition of mycelial growth of all species tested for a period of ten days of evaluation. / A pimenta da Jamaica, Pimenta dioica Lindl, é uma espécie vegetal pertencente à família Mirtacea, medindo de 6 a 15 m de altura, muito aromática em todas as suas partes. É originaria da América Central e Oeste da Índia e com grande importância econômica no mercado de óleos essenciais. A extração do óleo essencial das sementes da P. dioica foi realizada pelo método da hidrodestilação utilizando o sistema Cleverger. Foi extraído um volume máximo de óleo no tempo de quatro horas com um rendimento de 2,8 %m/m. As técnicas espectrofotométricas de UV, espectrometria de massa e cromatografia gasosa, assim como as constantes físicas, densidade, cor e aparência foram utilizadas para identificar o composto eugenol e os demais constituintes do óleo essencial da P. dioica. Através da técnica de padrão externo e adição de padrão quantificou-se o eugenol com um percentual de 76,98 %, constituindo-se o componente majoritário. O óleo essencial da P. dioica foi aplicado em fungos fitopatogênicos das espécies Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae, Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. ananas, Fusarium f. sp. vasinfectum e Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, obtendo-se uma inibição total do crescimento micelial de todas as espécies testadas por um período de dez dias de avaliação.