Thesis. 1978. Elec.E.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Includes bibliographical references. / Elec.E.

Chen, Kejian. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 156-164). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma montagem experimental capaz de aprisionar átomos de K e Rb simultaneamente em uma armadilha óptica de dipolo cruzada. Contudo, para atingir este feito foi necessário, durante o desenvolvimento do projeto, estudar cada espécie atômica de forma isolada. Assim, desenvolvemos uma técnica inédita para carregar uma armadilha de dipolo diretamente de uma armadilha magneto-óptica de 39K, constatando a importância da estrutura hiperfina do estado 4P3/2 no processo de carregamento. Também observamos e explicamos o processo de fotoassociação de Rb devido ao laser em 1071 nm, inclusive a diferença isotópica entre 85Rb e 87Rb. Na sequência, realizamos o carregamento duplo com K e Rb na armadilha e observamos a fotoassociação de KRb. Um modelo teórico simples prevê a distribuição dos níveis vibracionais obtidos. O mesmo modelo abre caminho para um possível bombeamento óptico para a produção e acúmulo de moléculas de KRb no estado X1Σ+ (v = 0). / In this paper, we present an experimental setup to simultaneously trap atoms of K and Rb in a crossed optical dipole trap. This accomplishment required the individual study of each atomic species during the project development. This allowed the development of a new technique for loading a dipole trap directly from a magneto-optical trap of 39K, providing evidence of the importance of the hyperfine structure of the state 4P3/2 in the loading process. We also observe and explain the photoassociation process of Rb2 due to the dipole trap laser at 1071 nm, including an isotopic difference between 85Rb and 87Rb. In the sequence, we performed dual species loading of K and Rb and observed the photoassociation process of KRb. A simple theoretical model predicts the final distribution of vibrational levels obtained. The same model provides a potential path to optically pump the molecules and accumulate them in the molecular ground state X1Σ+ (v = 0) for KRb.

abstract: Seeking an upper limit of the Neutron Electric Dipole Moment (nEDM) is a test of charge-parity (CP) violation beyond the Standard Model. The present experimentally tested nEDM upper limit is 3x10^(26) e cm. An experiment to be performed at the Oak Ridge National Lab Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) facility seeks to reach the 3x10^(28) e cm limit. The experiment is designed to probe for a dependence of the neutron's Larmor precession frequency on an applied electric eld. The experiment will use polarized helium-3 (3He) as a comagnetometer, polarization analyzer, and detector. Systematic influences on the nEDM measurement investigated in this thesis include (a) room temperature measurements on polarized 3He in a measurement cell made from the same materials as the nEDM experiment, (b) research and development of the Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices (SQUID) which will be used in the nEDM experiment, (c) design contributions for an experiment with nearly all the same conditions as will be present in the nEDM experiment, and (d) scintillation studies in superfluid helium II generated from alpha particles which are fundamentally similar to the nEDM scintillation process. The result of this work are steps toward achievement of a new upper limit for the nEDM experiment at the SNS facility. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Physics 2019

The McGurk effect is an illusion that occurs when an auditory /ba/ is combined with a visual /ga/. The two stimuli fuse together which leads to the perception of /da/, a sound in between /ba/ and /ga/. The purpose of this study was to determine whether music performance and visual arts majors process mismatched auditory and visual stimuli, like the McGurk effect, differently. Nine syllable pairs were presented to 10 native English speakers (5 music performance majors and 5 visual arts majors between the ages of 18 and 28 years) in a four-forced-choice response paradigm. Data from event-related potentials were recorded for each participant. Results demonstrate that there are differences in the electrophysiological responses to viewing the mismatched syllable pairs. The /ga/ phoneme in the music performance group produced more differences while the /da/ phoneme produced more differences in the visual arts group. The McGurk effect is processed differently in the music performance majors and the visual arts majors; processing begins in the earliest latency epoch in the visual arts group but in the late latency epoch in the music performance group. These results imply that the music performance group has a more complex decoding system than the visual arts group. It also may suggest that the visual arts group is better able to integrate the visual and auditory information to resolve the conflict when mismatched signals are presented.

In this dissertation, the studies aim to characterize the electronic structure at the internal interface of hybrid materials. The characterization challenge is originating from the spectral superposition of hybrid constituents. A characterization protocol based on photoemission spectroscopy (PES) was developed and applied to investigate the orbital alignment at the internal interface of the oligothiophene-TiO2 and ArS-CdSe hybrid materials by characterizing the individual constituents and the assembly hybrids respectively. Electrospray deposition technique was used to deposit targeting materials which enabled preparation of thin films in vacuum minimizing ambient contaminations while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to investigate the morphology and the particle size of the pure nanoparticles and the hybrids. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy was also used in the estimation of the optical band gap of the pure nanoparticles and the HOMO-LUMO gap of the organic ligands. One of the hybrid materials studied in this dissertation is oligothiophene-TiO2 nanoparticle hybrids in which the oligothiophene ligands are bonded to the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles covalently. This hybrid system was used to develop and demonstrate a measurement protocol to characterize the orbital alignment at the internal interface. Low intensity X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (LIXPS) was used to determine the work function of the oligothiophene ligands and the TiO2 nanoparticles. In combination with the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) cutoff and the valence band maximum (VBM) measured by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS), the ionization energies (IE) of these two constituents were determined. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) was used to characterize the core level emissions of the constituents and the hybrid assembly, which were used to determine the charge injection barriers at the internal interface. The results showed that there was an interface dipole at the internal interface between organic and inorganic constituents of the hybrid. The dipole was determined to be 0.61 eV and the hole injection barrier at the internal interface amounted to 0.73 eV. The electron injection barrier was estimated by taking into account the gap between highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO, LUMO). The procedure followed only suggested the presence of an insignificant barrier in the oligothiophene-TiO2 nanoparticle hybrids. Arylthiol functionalized Cadmium Selenide (ArS-CdSe) is a novel hybrid material which can be used in hetero-junction solar cells. The ArSH ligands are bonded on the surface of the CdSe nanoparticles covalently through sulfur atoms serving as anchors. The internal interface in the ArS-CdSe hybrids between the organic constituent and the inorganic constituent was studied by the same characterization protocol developed in this dissertation. Furthermore, a physisorbed interface between the ArSH ligands and the CdSe nanoparticles was created through multi-step in-vacuum deposition procedure. The electrospray deposition technique enabled the formation of a well-defined physisorbed interface which was characterized by LIXPS, UPS and XPS for each deposition step. Accordingly, the orbital alignment at the physisorbed interface was determined. Based on the results obtained, detailed orbital alignments at the ArSH/CdSe physisorbed interface and the internal interface in the ArS-CdSe hybrid materials were delineated and discussed. The hole injection and electron injection barrier at the physisorbed ArSH/CdSe interface are 0.7 eV and 1.0 eV respectively. An interface dipole of 0.4 eV was observed at the interface. In the ArS-CdSe hybrid materials, the electronic system of the ArSH component shifts down due to the charge transfer induced by the covalent hybridization. The hybridization also shifts the electronic system of the CdSe constituent to a lower energy level due to saturation of the unoccupied bonds of the Cd atoms on the surface. The hole injection barrier and electron injection barrier were determined to be 0.5 eV and 1.2 eV respectively. A small interface dipole (0.2 eV) was observed at the internal interface as a result of the presence of covalent bonds.

Traditional antennas have a lot of limitations as their performance is usually fixed by their initial geometry. On the other hand, modern communication systems are getting way to complicated compared to their earlier counterparts. This necessitates some special types of smart or reconfigurable antennas, which can dynamically adapt to the requirements of the communication systems more effectively. Using conventional single functional antennas is therefore not an efficient approach in these sort of communication systems. Considering all these factors, in this thesis, a beam steerable reconfigurable antenna system is presented that can yield the radiation patterns of multiple antennas with a single structure, necessary for 5G communication. This antenna system occupies comparatively much smaller space and can provide highly directive gain at different directions. It is expected that- in near future, further improvements of this type of antenna system can be performed to pave the way for some additional necessary functions required in modern communication systems.

Charge-Conjugation (C) and Charge-Conjugation-Parity (CP) Violation is one of the three Sakharov conditions to explain via baryogenesis the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU). The Standard Model of particle physics (SM) contains sources of CP violation, but cannot explain the BAU. This motivates searches for new physics beyond the standard model (BSM) which address the Sakharov criteria, including high-precision searches for new sources of CPV in systems for which the SM contribution is small, but larger effects may be present in BSM theories. A promising example is the search for the electric dipole moment of the neutron (nEDM), which is a novel system to observe CPV due to the initial and final state being identical. A non-zero measurement necessarily requires violation of P and T discrete symmetries; invoking CPT invariance requires that CP is violated. There are BSM theories which predict a magnitude for the nEDM larger than SM predictions, so that such studies are beneficial at setting constraints on new physics. The current experimental limit of dn < 3.0 x 10-26 e cm at 90% CL as set by the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) [1] was largely limited by systematic effects related to the magnetic field. The research presented here supported technical progress toward a new measurement of the nEDM, with the goal of improving the result by an order of magnitude. A novel approach to the problem of limiting systematics is proposed, studied in Monte Carlo simulations, and an optimized prototype was constructed for use in a magnetic resonance experiment.

<p>The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is presently under construction at CERN. The LHC is a circular accelerator that stores proton beams and accelerates them to a 7 TeV beam energy for high energy physics research. The required bending and focusing/defocusing fields are achieved with superconducting magnets.</p><p>Such a superconducting magnet-based accelerator can be controlled only when the field errors of production and installation of all magnetic elements are known to the required accuracy. The ideal way to compensate the field errors is to have direct diagnostics on the beam. For the LHC, however, a system solely based on beam feedback may be too demanding. The present baseline for the LHC control system hence requires an accurate forecast of the magnetic field and the multipole field errors to reduce the burden on the beam-based feedback. The field model is the core of this magnetic prediction system, also known as \emph{the Field Description for the LHC} (FIDEL). The model will provide the forecast of the magnetic field at a given time, magnet operating current, magnet ramp rate, magnet temperature, and magnet powering history. The model is based on the identification and physical decomposition of the effects that contribute to the total field in the magnet aperture of the LHC dipoles.</p><p>This thesis presents the tool that was constructed to ease the detection, identification and finally correction of errors in the raw data from the series measurements of the main dipoles of the LHC. The results after cleaning all measurement data for the over 240 dipoles measured at cold, using this tool, is also presented.</p><p>Another aspect of the Thesis is the presentation of a procedure devised to extract the model parameters for the main dipole magnets of the LHC by using the cleaned data. The procedure and the model are verified and validated by application to the magnets of the 7-8 sector of the LHC.</p>

Adrian C. Melissinos. / "November 10, 1958." Reprinted from The physical review, vol. 115, no. 1, pp. 126-129, July 1, 1959." / Includes bibliographical references. / Army Signal Corps Contract DA36-039-sc-78108. Dept. of the Army Task 3-99-20-001 and Project 3-99-00-000.