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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Avaliação das práticas de prevenção e controle da infecção da corrente sanguínea associada ao cateter venoso central de curta permanência por meio de indicadores clínicos / Evaluation of practices for prevention and control of bloodstream infection associated with central venous catheter of short stay by means clinical indicators

Jaquelline Maria Jardim 27 May 2011 (has links)
Há praticamente consenso de que o processo de trabalho de prevenção e controle de infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde (IrAS), pautado em indicadores de resultados, são limitados para reconhecer as condições reais em que as práticas assistenciais são realizadas. Para tanto, avaliações processuais vêm sendo utilizadas, para conhecer o grau de conformidade dessas ocorrências de acordo com as recomendações dadas por evidências científicas atualmente disponíveis. Este estudo teve a finalidade de avaliar a conformidade de práticas de prevenção e controle de infecção da corrente sanguínea associada ao cateter venoso central (ICS-ACVC), por meio de indicadores clínicos processuais especificamente elaborados. Tais práticas corresponderam a: a) Avaliação das práticas de registro de indicação e tempo de permanência do cateter venoso central de curta permanência; b) Avaliação das práticas de inserção do cateter venoso central de curta permanência: inserção percutânea, paramentação completa para inserção de CVC, campo estéril ampliado no momento da instalação do cateter, uso de anti-séptico de veículo alcoólico para preparo da pele do paciente, presença de curativo oclusivo; c) Avaliação da prática de adesão aos cuidados e manutenção do curativo da inserção do CVC e seus dispositivos: registro de troca do curativo, periodicidade da troca do curativo, desinfecção de hubs e conectores com clorexidina alcoólica 0,5% antes da manipulação, troca de equipos e transdutores conforme orientação institucional; d) Avaliação da adesão à higiene das mãos em procedimentos de troca do sistema de infusão, administração de medicamentos, coleta de sangue, troca e realização de curativo. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa aplicada envolvendo achados sobre o desempenho de práticas e procedimentos, buscando acessar sua qualidade, com delineamentos prospectivo, transversal e analítico. O cenário foi a UTI cirúrgica-Adulto de um Hospital Público de Ensino. A casuística correspondeu às oportunidades de avaliação das práticas selecionadas, realizadas por médicos, enfermeiros, auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem, nos três turnos de trabalho, quando pertinente, em pacientes que teriam um CVC inserido e/ou que já possuíam CVC. A amostra baseou-se na conformidade esperada de 80%, com 5877 avaliações distribuídas entre as práticas selecionadas, realizadas por meio de observação direta ou registros em prontuários. Instrumentos e avaliadores foram submetidos a testes de aferição de concordância. A conformidade geral das práticas de registro de indicação e tempo de permanência do cateter venoso central de curta permanência foi de 91,6%. A conformidade geral obtido na avaliação das práticas de inserção do cateter venoso central de curta permanência foi nula (0,0%), que ocorreu devido à ausência do curativo oclusivo na inserção do CVC (0,0%), quanto às demais práticas avaliadas, todas obtiveram conformidade total (100,0%). A conformidade da prática de adesão aos cuidados e manutenção do curativo da inserção do CVC e seus dispositivos: registro de troca do curativo, periodicidade da troca do curativo, desinfecção de hubs e conectores com clorexidina alcoólica 0,5% antes da manipulação foi de 51,5%, com a manhã o período que apresentou a maior taxa de conformidade (69,3%) e a tarde a menor (31,1%). A conformidade geral da prática de higiene das mãos na realização dos procedimentos selecionados foi apenas 10,7%, sendo que a Troca e realização de curativo (21,1%), seguindo-se Coleta de Sangue (10,2%) e administração de medicamentos (9,6%). O turno da manhã obteve maior adesão (12,7%) e o noturno a menor (8,4%). Nesta prática, o maior índice de conformidade foi obtido entre os enfermeiros em todas as práticas avaliadas (troca do sistema de infusão-18%, coleta de sangue-21,4%, administração de medicamento-20,4%, troca e realização do curativo 21,7%). Concluiu-se que, embora a avaliação das práticas de registro de indicação e tempo de permanência do cateter venoso central de curta permanência tenha atingido a conformidade esperada de 80%, as demais práticas necessitam de uma nova elaboração de estratégias que assegurem a adesão duradoura das práticas de controle e prevenção de ICS-ACVC, associado à análise contínua de infra-estrutura, disponibilidade de material e carga de trabalho. / There is a consensus that the process of prevention and control healthcare associated infection (HAI), based on result indicators is limited to recognize the real conditions in which assistance practices are performed. So, processual evaluations have been required to know the conformity level of these events in relation to recommendations given by the scientific evidence now available. The aim of this study was to evaluation the conformity of practices for prevention and bloodstream infection control associated with central venous catheter (BSI ACVC) by means of specifically elaborated processual clinical indicators. These practices corresponded to: a) Evaluation the practices of registration statement evaluation and central venous catheter for short stay evaluation; b) Evaluation the practices of the insertion of central venous catheter for short stay, percutaneous insertion, complete items for insertion of CVC, enlarged sterile field at the time of catheter insertion, use of antiseptic alcohol vehicle for the patient skin cleaning and occlusive dressing presence; c) Evaluation of the adherence to care practice and maintenance of CVC insertion healing and it devices: report of dressing and frequency changes, the hubs and connectors disinfection with chlorhexidine 0,5% before handling, exchange of catheters and transducers as institutional orientation; d) Evaluation of compliance to hand hygiene procedures in trading system for infusion, medication administration, blood collection, exchange an healing completion. This was an applied research involving findings about practices performance and procedures, aiming to access its quality, through a prospective transversal and analytical design. It took place in an surgical Adult ICU of a Public School Hospital. The casuistic corresponded to opportunities of selected practices evaluation , performed by physicians, nurses, nursing assistants and technicians, in three work shift, where relevant, in patients who had a CVC inserted and / or who had CVC. The sample was based on the expected conformity of 80 %, with 5,877 evaluations distributed among the selected practices, performed by means of direct observation or registers in patient records. Instruments and evaluators were submitted to tests for measuring compliance. The general conformity practices registration statement and permanence of central venous catheter for short stay was 91,6%. The overall conformity achieved in the evaluation of central venous catheter insertion a short stay was zero (0,0%), which was due to the absence of occlusive dressings on CVC insertion (0,0%), and the other evaluated practices all achieved full compliance(100,0%). The conformity adherence to care practice and maintenance of healing of the CVC insertion and their devices: dressing change report, dressing change frequency, the disinfection of hubs and connectors with chlorhexidine 0.5% before the manipulation was 51,5%, being that morning shift has the highest compliance rate (69,3%) and the afternoon shift the smallest (31,1%). The overall conformity of hand hygiene practice in the performance of selected procedures was only 10,7%, and the exchange and completion of healing (21,1%), followed by blood collection (10,2%) and administration drugs (9,6%). The morning shift had better adherence (12,7%) and the lowest night shift (8,4%). In the practice, the highest rate of compliance among nurses was obtained in all evaluated practices (exchange of the infusion system 18%, blood collection 21,4 %, drug delivery 20, 4%, exchange and completion of dressing 21, 7%). We have concluded that although the registration statement evaluation and permanence of central venous catheter for short stay has reached 80% as expected, other practices have needed a new formulation of strategies that ensure lasting adhesion of control practices and prevention of ICS-ACVC, associated to a continuum analysis of infra-structure and work conditions.
32

Physical Activity and Outdoor Play of Children in Public Playgrounds—Do Gender and Social Environment Matter?

Reimers, Anne Kerstin, Schoeppe, Stephanie, Demetriou, Yolanda, Knapp, Guido 16 August 2018 (has links)
Background: Few studies have delved into the relationship of the social environment with children’s physical activity and outdoor play in public playgrounds by considering gender differences. The aim of the present study was to examine gender differences and the relationship of the social environment with children’s physical activity and outdoor play in public playgrounds. Methods: A quantitative, observational study was conducted at ten playgrounds in one district of a middle-sized town in Germany. The social environment, physical activity levels, and outdoor play were measured using a modified version of the System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth. Results: In total, 266 observations of children (117 girls/149 boys) between four and 12 years old were used in this analysis. Significant gender differences were found in relation to activity types, but not in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The presence of active children was the main explanatory variable for MVPA. In the models stratified by gender, the presence of opposite-sex children was a significant negative predictor of MVPA in girls but not in boys. Conclusions: The presence of active children contributes to children’s physical activity levels in public playgrounds. Girls’ physical activity seems to be suppressed in the presence of boys.

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