The direct election of the president is political, politological and also constitutional-legal topic which has already accompanied for many years. It appears always in connection with the presidential elections, but also as a part of the parliamentary election campaign. February 2012 interrupted the regularity and direct presidential election was approved. The first direct presidential election was held in January 2013. This term preceded by a long election campaign of candidates, persuading voters and several lawsuits. The first direct presidential election won one of the most probable winners - Miloš Zeman.

- Direct presidential election in the Czech Republic: reasons, conditions, consequences This diploma thesis is concerned with different aspects of implementation of the direct presidential election in the Czech Republic. It is aimed to discover the actual reasons for passing the Constitutional Act No. 71/2012 Coll., which introduces this institute into the Czech constitutional system. For the purpose of doing so, the thesis is divided into three parts. The first one presents and evaluates particular arguments (historical, political, constitutional, legal etc.), which were used by the proponents of this institute on one hand and by its opponents on the other. The content of the second part is the most extensive as it follows up the comparison of bills attempting to implement the direct presidential election into the Constitutional Act since 2001 up to the present. Therefore this part contains thirteen bills in total, including the one, which later becomes the Act No. 71/2012 Coll. Individual bills are compared and contrasted. The pertinent political and social circumstances accompanying their origin are also briefly mentioned. As the result of this comparison the author comes to the conclusion that the true motive to pass the Constitutional Act No. 71/2012 Coll does not lie in its content or its...

The direct election of the president is political, politological and also constitutional-legal topic which has already accompanied for many years. It appears always in connection with the presidential elections, but also as a part of the parliamentary election campaign. February 2012 interrupted the regularity and direct presidential election was approved. What this step will have impact on functioning of the Czech political system, will turn up in 2013 when the authority will take the first Czech president elected in direct elections. But the majority of constitutional lawyers and political scientists agree that the introduction of direct elections in the Czech Republic is not solving the existing problems, and therefore they express fears how the chase will affect the functioning of the system as a whole. Keywords: direct presidential elections, powers, legitimacy, political system, presidential campaign

<p>This dissertation deals with a comparison of social policy in South Korea and Taiwan. By tracing the historical origins of the modern social security institutions, as well as the historical process of modernization of medical care in Korea and Taiwan, this study can identify the extension of entitlement to health insurance as one of the most contentious social policy issues in the two countries. </p><p>Using a historical institutional approach, this study shows that, in both Korea and Taiwan, the direct presidential elections as well as the diffusion of international norms have been two important factors affecting the historical process of the extension of entitlement to health insurance. </p><p>The significance of the direct presidential election factor should be understood in the light of the distinctive political culture in Korea and Taiwan, where the political decision-making has been highly concentrated around the major political leaders and their personalities have assumed a prominent role in sociopolitical development. The significance of international norms should be understood with regard to the particular status of the two states, Korea and Taiwan. Both Korea and Taiwan belong to the states that have sought to build up their respective nations to be comparable to the industrially advanced countries in West during the post World War II era. In more recent years, this has been attempted through the development of social policy programs, even if many areas still need improvement.</p>

This dissertation deals with a comparison of social policy in South Korea and Taiwan. By tracing the historical origins of the modern social security institutions, as well as the historical process of modernization of medical care in Korea and Taiwan, this study can identify the extension of entitlement to health insurance as one of the most contentious social policy issues in the two countries. Using a historical institutional approach, this study shows that, in both Korea and Taiwan, the direct presidential elections as well as the diffusion of international norms have been two important factors affecting the historical process of the extension of entitlement to health insurance. The significance of the direct presidential election factor should be understood in the light of the distinctive political culture in Korea and Taiwan, where the political decision-making has been highly concentrated around the major political leaders and their personalities have assumed a prominent role in sociopolitical development. The significance of international norms should be understood with regard to the particular status of the two states, Korea and Taiwan. Both Korea and Taiwan belong to the states that have sought to build up their respective nations to be comparable to the industrially advanced countries in West during the post World War II era. In more recent years, this has been attempted through the development of social policy programs, even if many areas still need improvement.