No description available.

The researchers at the Department of Electricity at Uppsala University has recently entered the field of electric motor design, however no real knowledge of motor control of salient pole permanent magnet motors exists in the department. This thesis will present a general description of the control method of motors that exist today, this has been done by reviewing existing literature. The literature review has shown that there are at least three control methods with a significant different in their control approach, Scalar-, Field Oriented- and Direct Torque- Control. The two last methods were chosen by the author as the most useful and was implemented and simulated together with the newly developed motor in MATLAB Simulink to evaluate their performance. The simulation results show that there is no difference in performance of the two methods, but they show a difference in efficiency. The results show that it's worth to develop both methods further, mainly for reducing the torque and current ripple. This result was not expected according to literature, which suggests that the Field Oriented Control has a lower torque ripple. This could be caused by the choice of hysteresis control for inverter switching, instead of more sophisticated methods with a proportional integral derivative controller (PID) together with Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) or Space Vector Modulation (SVM).

No description available.

No description available.

This thesis presents a comprehensive study of Direct Torque Control (DTC) for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (IPMSMs) evaluating its potential in high performance motor drive systems. The research begins with a literature review, looking into the fundamental principles of DTC, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), Space Vector Modulation (SVM) and Field Oriented Control (FOC). The methodology section involves the detailed modeling of IPMSM using Simulink for a precise representation of system dynamics. The Park and Clarke transformations are employed in the phase transformation of currents and voltages to simplify the control strategy. The implementation of Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) is explored and its crucial role in modulating input signals is discussed. Subsequently, the implementation of DTC is demonstrated, capturing the key focus of the thesis. The validation stage verifies the model created in Simulink against research papers published in the same field. This is coupled with an analysis of sector selection and switching table in enhancing DTC performance. The results and conclusion reassess the voltage and flux vectors, evaluating their influence on the system. Additionally, the effectiveness of Proportional-Integral (PI) control for maintaining the desired speed and torque is analyzed. Thus, this thesis offers a holistic perspective on the implementation and performance of DTC for IPMSMs, contributing to the existing body of knowledge and paving the way for future research in this field.

This thesis focuses on the development of a novel Direct Torque Control (DTC) scheme for permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motors (surface and interior types) in the constant torque region with the help of cost-effective hall-effect sensors. This method requires no DC-link sensing, which is a mandatory matter in the conventional DTC drives, therefore it reduces the cost of a conventional DTC of a permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor and also removes common problems including; resistance change effect, low speed and integration drift. Conventional DTC drives require at least one DC-link voltage sensor (or two on the motor terminals) and two current sensors because of the necessary estimation of position, speed, torque, and stator flux in the stationary reference frame. Unlike the conventional DTC drive, the proposed method uses the rotor reference frame because the rotor position is provided by the three hall-effect sensors and does not require expensive voltage sensors. Moreover, the proposed algorithm takes the acceleration and deceleration of the motor and torque disturbances into account to improve the speed and torque responses. The basic theory of operation for the proposed topology is presented. A mathematical model for the proposed DTC of the PMSM topology is developed. A simulation program written in MATLAB/SIMULINK® is used to verify the basic operation (performance) of the proposed topology. The mathematical model is capable of simulating the steady-state, as well as dynamic response even under heavy load conditions (e.g. transient load torque at ramp up). It is believed that the proposed system offers a reliable and low-cost solution for the emerging market of DTC for PMSM drives. Finally the proposed drive, considering the constant torque region operation, is applied to the agitation part of a laundry washing machine (operating in constant torque region) for speed performance comparison with the current low-cost agitation cycle speed control technique used by washing machine companies around the world.

This thesis focuses on the development of a novel Direct Torque Control (DTC) scheme for permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motors (surface and interior types) in the constant torque region with the help of cost-effective hall-effect sensors. This method requires no DC-link sensing, which is a mandatory matter in the conventional DTC drives, therefore it reduces the cost of a conventional DTC of a permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor and also removes common problems including; resistance change effect, low speed and integration drift. Conventional DTC drives require at least one DC-link voltage sensor (or two on the motor terminals) and two current sensors because of the necessary estimation of position, speed, torque, and stator flux in the stationary reference frame. Unlike the conventional DTC drive, the proposed method uses the rotor reference frame because the rotor position is provided by the three hall-effect sensors and does not require expensive voltage sensors. Moreover, the proposed algorithm takes the acceleration and deceleration of the motor and torque disturbances into account to improve the speed and torque responses. The basic theory of operation for the proposed topology is presented. A mathematical model for the proposed DTC of the PMSM topology is developed. A simulation program written in MATLAB/SIMULINK® is used to verify the basic operation (performance) of the proposed topology. The mathematical model is capable of simulating the steady-state, as well as dynamic response even under heavy load conditions (e.g. transient load torque at ramp up). It is believed that the proposed system offers a reliable and low-cost solution for the emerging market of DTC for PMSM drives. Finally the proposed drive, considering the constant torque region operation, is applied to the agitation part of a laundry washing machine (operating in constant torque region) for speed performance comparison with the current low-cost agitation cycle speed control technique used by washing machine companies around the world.

Τα τελευταία 35 χρόνια έχει προκύψει ένα ενεργειακό πρόβλημα το οποίο μας επιβάλει να αλλάξουμε την ενεργειακή μας αντίληψη. Το πετρέλαιο αλλά και άλλα ορυκτά καύσιμα έχουν πεπερασμένα αποθέματα και η χρήση τους επιβαρύνει το περιβάλλον. Επίσης γεωπολιτικά συμφέροντα δεν επιτρέπουν την ανεμπόδιστη διανομή του. Μέσα σε αυτό το κλίμα της ενεργειακής απεξάρτησης από τα ορυκτά καύσιμα αναπτύσσονται τα τελευταία χρόνια τα υβριδικά οχήματα. Τα ηλεκτρικά υβριδικά οχήματα είναι ένα μεταβατικό στάδιο από την πετρελαιοκίνηση στην εξ’ ολοκλήρου κίνηση μέσω ηλεκτρισμού από ενεργειακές κυψέλες. Αποτελούνται από έναν συμβατικό κινητήρα εσωτερικής καύσης και μια ηλεκτρική μηχανή, η οποία τροφοδοτείται από συσσωρευτές. Τα υβριδικά οχήματα χωρίζονται σε διάφορες κατηγορίες ανάλογα με τις τεχνολογίες υβριδοποίησης που διαθέτουν και την διάταξη του ηλεκτρομηχανολογικού τους συστήματος. Στόχος της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας (η οποία είναι η συνέχεια δυο προηγούμενων) είναι η προσπάθεια κατασκευής ενός υβριδικού αυτοκινήτου. Για να γίνει αυτό εφικτό απαιτούνται, ένα όχημα το οποίο να μπορεί να δεχθεί εύκολα μηχανολογικές μετατροπές, ένας ηλεκτρικός κινητήρας και συσσωρευτές. Ο ηλεκτρικός κινητήρας ελέγχεται από έναν αντιστροφέα. Ο αντιστροφέας είναι μια ηλεκτρική συσκευή η οποία μετατρέπει το συνεχές ρεύμα των συσσωρευτών σε εναλλασσόμενο. Βασικό κομμάτι του αντιστροφέα είναι η λογική παλμοδότησής του. Ο αντιστροφέας που κατασκευάστηκε χρησιμοποιεί τον άμεσο έλεγχο ροπής, ο οποίος είναι ένα είδος άμεσου διανυσματικού ελέγχου που χρησιμοποιεί τον μετασχηματισμό Park. / Τα τελευταία 35 χρόνια έχει προκύψει ένα ενεργειακό πρόβλημα το οποίο μας επιβάλει να αλλάξουμε την ενεργειακή μας αντίληψη. Το πετρέλαιο αλλά και άλλα ορυκτά καύσιμα έχουν πεπερασμένα αποθέματα και η χρήση τους επιβαρύνει το περιβάλλον. Επίσης γεωπολιτικά συμφέροντα δεν επιτρέπουν την ανεμπόδιστη διανομή του. Μέσα σε αυτό το κλίμα της ενεργειακής απεξάρτησης από τα ορυκτά καύσιμα αναπτύσσονται τα τελευταία χρόνια τα υβριδικά οχήματα. Τα ηλεκτρικά υβριδικά οχήματα είναι ένα μεταβατικό στάδιο από την πετρελαιοκίνηση στην εξ’ ολοκλήρου κίνηση μέσω ηλεκτρισμού από ενεργειακές κυψέλες. Αποτελούνται από έναν συμβατικό κινητήρα εσωτερικής καύσης και μια ηλεκτρική μηχανή, η οποία τροφοδοτείται από συσσωρευτές. Τα υβριδικά οχήματα χωρίζονται σε διάφορες κατηγορίες ανάλογα με τις τεχνολογίες υβριδοποίησης που διαθέτουν και την διάταξη του ηλεκτρομηχανολογικού τους συστήματος. Στόχος της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας (η οποία είναι η συνέχεια δυο προηγούμενων) είναι η προσπάθεια κατασκευής ενός υβριδικού αυτοκινήτου. Για να γίνει αυτό εφικτό απαιτούνται, ένα όχημα το οποίο να μπορεί να δεχθεί εύκολα μηχανολογικές μετατροπές, ένας ηλεκτρικός κινητήρας και συσσωρευτές. Ο ηλεκτρικός κινητήρας ελέγχεται από έναν αντιστροφέα. Ο αντιστροφέας είναι μια ηλεκτρική συσκευή η οποία μετατρέπει το συνεχές ρεύμα των συσσωρευτών σε εναλλασσόμενο. Βασικό κομμάτι του αντιστροφέα είναι η λογική παλμοδότησής του. Ο αντιστροφέας που κατασκευάστηκε χρησιμοποιεί τον άμεσο έλεγχο ροπής, ο οποίος είναι ένα είδος άμεσου διανυσματικού ελέγχου που χρησιμοποιεί τον μετασχηματισμό Park.

This diploma thesis deals with the design of the asynchronous mathematical model, and creation its model in MATLAB Simulink. And by creating different types of asynchronous motor control. At the beginning of the work there are theoretical knowledge about transformation of quantities into coordinates, which are needed for creation of mathematical model and further for machine control. Furthermore, control logarithms are created from these transformed quantities, which can be used to control the torque or engine speed. It is a constant magnetic flux control, scalar control, vector control, and ultimately direct torque control. All derived control algorithms have been tested in MATLAB Simulink. Where were simulations of investigated quantities.

The objective of the dissertation is to develop simplified analytical models for typical linear-motion and rotary-motion energy-conversion systems under active DC excitation without tedious numerical-simulation effort, and provide practical implementation of the models in optimal-design and thermal-protection aspects. The model of a vacuum automatic circuit recloser (a typical linear-motion system under DC excitation) is first developed in the form of a non-linear discontinuous eighth-order dynamic system. The model is then used to simulate the transient mechanical and electromagnetic performance during the opening and closing movements of the recloser. Such a model is not found in the literature. Although the model is based on certain simplifying assumptions, the result is validated by high-speed-camera measurements. In addition, the impact of key design variables is explored, based on which an improved recloser design is proposed, and helps to optimize capital and production costs without degrading performance. Further analytical investigation is carried out in modeling an inverter-fed induction motor (IM) (a typical rotary-motion system) with active DC injection. The IM is closed-loop controlled via two popular motor-control algorithms, namely, the direct-torque-control (DTC) algorithm and field-oriented-control (FOC) algorithm. Quantitative relationships between the changes of various machine variables during the active DC excitation are provided in the theoretical analysis. The developed DC-injection model is further simplified for practical implementation. The developed IM model under DC injection results in practical ways to excite a proper amount of DC current directly or indirectly into IM stator windings via different closed-loop motor-control algorithms. In a DTC motor-drive system, the modeling work makes it possible to excite the DC current indirectly inside the motor by superimposing a stator-flux-linkage-bias command in the flux-control loop or a torque-ripple command in the torque-control loop. The proposed flux-linkage-injection and torque-injection methods are the first novel efforts to implement the DC-signal-injection method in a DTC motor-drive system. In addition, the analysis carried out in a standard FOC drive system brings about an improved DC-current-injection approach: the torque ripple in this method is significantly mitigated compared to all existing DC-injection methods in FOC systems. The proposed DC-injection methods, either in a DTC or an FOC system, lead to a simple, low-cost, accurate, and non-invasive thermal-monitoring scheme for closed-loop-controlled IMs, where the stator temperature is indirectly estimated from stator resistance. Furthermore, considering inverter non-idealities, there is a challenge for a typical inverter drive to accurately estimate the DC component of motor terminal voltages. The existing methods are extended to provide a complete study of the real-time signal-processing technique for both DTC and FOC algorithms, and are finally implemented in a custom-built programmable motor-drive system. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique gives accurate and robust stator-temperature estimation, regardless of the operating conditions and cooling modes. The analytical modeling method for the linear-motion and rotary-motion energy-conversion systems can be further extended to other power devices with similar mechanisms, and implemented in optimal design, control, and thermal-protection areas.