The main aim of the study was (1) to identify errors committed by learners in financial mathematics and (2) to understand why learners continue to make such errors so that mechanisms to avoid such errors could be devised. The following has been hypothesised; (1) errors committed by learners are not impact upon by language difficulties, (2) errors committed by learners in financial mathematics are not due to prerequisite skills, facts and concepts, (3) errors committed by learners in financial mathematics are not due to the application of irrelevant rules and strategies. Having used Polya’s problem-solving techniques, Threshold Concept and Newman’s Error Analysis as the theoretical frameworks for the study, a four-point Likert scale and three content-based structured-interview questionnaires were developed to address the research questions. The study was conducted by means of a case study guided by the positivists’ paradigm where the research sample comprised of 105 Grade-10 Mathematics Literacy learners as respondents. Four sets of structured-interview questionnaires were used for collecting data, aimed at addressing the main objective of the study. In order to test the reliability and consistency of the questionnaires for this study, Cronbach’s Alpha was calculated for standardised items (α = 0.705). Content analysis and correlation analysis were employed to analyse the data. The three hypotheses of this study were tested using the ANOVA test and hence revealed that, (1) errors committed by learners in financial mathematics are not due to language difficulties, as all the variables illustrated a statistical non-significance (2) errors committed by learners in financial mathematics are not due to prerequisite skills, facts and concepts, as the majority of the variables showed non-significance and (3) errors committed by learners in financial mathematics were due to the application of irrelevant rules and strategies, as 66.7% of the variables illustrated a statistical significance to the related research question.

Diploma thesis focuses on the social economy and social entrepreneurship. Its aim is to identify possible directions of further development of the social economy in the Czech Republic. The starting point for this work is the assumption that successful development of social entrepreneurship is dependent on access to financial resources, a good legislative definition and availability of the necessary information. The operational objective is to analyze the range of financial instruments available to social enterprises. The work is divided into several parts. The first chapter summarizes the historical development of the social economy in Western European countries and subsequently in the Czech Republic. The next chapter presents the approaches to the concept of social economy from the perspective of several European institutions. The chapter is also a case of good practice from Italy. The following chapter, in which are presented the main theoretical approaches to the social economy in the Czech Republic. In the analytical part of the work are first defined problem areas of social entrepreneurship, it is also stated range of financial instruments available to social enterprises and subsequently defined possible directions of further development of the social economy.

This study analyzed test scores of economically disadvantaged students who attended two elementary schools implementing different types of Title I models from 1999-2001. Test scores from the Texas Assessment of Academic Skills (TAAS), the Iowa Test of Basic Skills (ITBS) and the Stanford Achievement Test (SAT-9) were analyzed. One school implemented the targeted assistance model (less than 50% poverty), which focused resources on students were identified as failing or at risk of failing. The other a schoolwide model (95% poverty), which used resources to help all students in a school regardless of whether they ware failing, at risk of failing, or economically disadvantaged. The quantitative approach was used with a causal comparative design. A cohort of continuously enrolled students was identified for the TAAS (n=169 and 189) and the ITBS/SAT-9 (n=49 and 87). Descriptive statistics such as the frequency, mean, and standard deviation, were used to measure differences on the Texas Learning Index (TLI) for the TAAS, and Normal Curve Equivalent (NCE) on the ITBS/SAT-9. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to partially adjust for preexisting differences among the groups and because randomization was not possible. The independent variable was type of Title I model, targeted assistance or schoolwide. The dependent variable was the achievement measure, and the covariate was the initial achievement scores in third grade (pretest). The ANCOVA reports and descriptive statistics showed that economically disadvantaged students performed better in reading and math on TAAS and ITBS/SAT-9 at the targeted assistance school in 1999 and 2001, with mixed results in 2000. The academic performance of economically disadvantaged students at the targeted model was consistent all three school years. They scored slightly lower than the non-economically disadvantaged students, but higher than their peers at the schoolwide model. The students' third grade pretest score was the most significant predictor of future performance.

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / Entrepreneurship has been regarded as a solution to various developmental challenges such as unemployment, inequality, and poverty, which are inherent among the marginalised populations. However, the high rate of failure of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) remain an impediment to the use of entrepreneurship as a means to ameliorate the challenges. This is especially the case among young entrepreneurs. In addition, given the imperativeness of financial literacy in the success of SMEs, this study determines the influences of financial literacy on entrepreneurial success within the marginalised communities. It also explores and identifies the reasons why failure rates are high among young entrepreneurs in the economically disadvantaged community of Khayelitsha, Cape Town. This study employs a concurrent mixed methods design, making use of both quantitative and qualitative data. A survey is conducted in Khayelitsha using the snowballing sampling technique due to difficulty in accessing young entrepreneurs. The quantitative data from the survey provides demographic and socioeconomic information on young entrepreneurs. The survey is also used to determine the level of financial literacy and business success of these entrepreneurs. The qualitative in-depth interviews, on the other hand, provide insights into the motivations of the entrepreneurs, their experiences and the causes of business failure.

Thesis (M. Dev. (Development and Management Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2017 / This mini-dissertation deals with the implementation of laws regulating mining industries transformation in South Africa. This mini-dissertation finds that the pace of transformation is very low and the challenges faced in the mining industries which are slowing the process are evaluated. Such challenges include: lack of skills, unqualified candidates and lack of experience. It finds that the Broad-based socio-economic empowerment (BBSEE) introduced 15% target by 2011 where only 8.9% was reached in respect of transformation and that by 2014, 26% must be met where only 17.4% at the top management is achieved. The call for nationalisation of mines as a solution to speed up transformation have also been evaluated and the Mining Qualification Authority category of providing scholarships to maths and science learners to the exclusion of other streams as transformational aspect was also evaluated. The question as to whether 26% of the historically disadvantaged South Africans occupying managerial position is enough to rectify the injustices of the apartheid ills is also looked at. A comparative study was done between South Africa, Canada and Australia to see whether lessons could be learnt. Keywords: Implementation, transformation laws, Historically Disadvantaged South Africans, Mining Qualification Authority, and Mining industry.

The eleven studies which comprise the Consortium for Longitudinal Studies were described in order to determine long-term effects of preschool education on disadvantaged children. Research methods and results of the studies were evaluated and compared. An historical overview details the sociopolitical milieu from the time the eleven studies began in the 1960s to the present. Theories which impacted the preschool movement in the 1960s were also discussed, particularly those which concern the development of intelligence, the importance of early education and environmental impact on the development of intelligence. Demographic data were used to describe disadvantaged children's needs for quality early intervention programs. The results of the eleven Consortium studies indicate positive long-term effects for disadvantaged children enrolled in quality preschool programs.

No description available.

Text in English / Although the participation of students at institutions of higher learning in South Africa is increasing, student dropout remains a challenge. Student dropout is influenced by a variety of factors, some of which are psychological. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of adjustment and sense of belonging on students’ intention to dropout of university. The study comprised of three distinctive objectives. The first objective of the study was to examine the relationship between sense of belonging, adjustment and students’ intention to drop out of university. Second, the study sought to test whether sense of belonging and adjustment would predict students’ intention to dropout of university. Finally, the study sought to test whether students’ socioeconomic status would moderate the relationship between sense of belonging and intention to dropout of university. The sample for the study consisted of 955 students enrolled for undergraduate programmes for the 2018 academic year. Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression and moderation analysis were used to test hypotheses stated in the study. The findings revealed a statistically significant relationship between sense of belonging, adjustment and the intention to dropout. The findings also confirmed that sense of belonging and adjustment predict the intention to dropout. However, the study could not prove the hypothesis that socioeconomic status moderates the relationship between sense of belonging and the intention to dropout. Nevertheless, the findings of this study highlighted the importance of psychological factors on undergraduate students’ academic success. Thus, universities should consider initiating programmes that will address students’ psychological challenges throughout their enrolment at university to improve student retention and rates of graduation. / Psychology / M.A.(Psychology with Specialization in Research Consultation)

This diploma thesis deals with the values of children and youth in the context of a sociocultural disadvantaged backgrounds. The work has theoretical and empirical character. The theoretical part explains the basic terminology and assumptions relating to values and value orientation, moral development of children, social exclusion. The text provides a detailed description of the Roma population including its history and current status, possible causes of problems and theoretical solutions psychosocial differences. Practical work provides data on socially excluded Roma locality Chanov and especially local elementary school. The research study provides an interpretation which life values Roma children perceive as important and what attitude to their value orientation have teachers of elementary school Chanov. The results of interviews and questionnaires are compared with the conclusions of the studies mentioned in the theoretical part.

This thesis is focused on social housing for families as a specific housing policy instrument for securing housing of families with children who are for various reasons disadvantaged on the free housing market. In the thesis social housing is understood as a way towards fulfilment of the right to adequate housing and at the same time as an instrument for supporting families in their function of securing healthy development of their children in a safe environment. The aim of the thesis is to contribute to the actual debate on the creation of the state policy of social housing. It is done mainly by the mapping of housing and social policy on the state and local level. Local policy of social housing is explored particularly in five city districts of the capital city of Prague. The research draws data from documents of the city districts and interviews with the officials from property departments and social departments, in particular with the heads of child welfare sections. The research shows that the access of families with children to the instruments of local housing policy is always in some way limited. The city districts vary in the level of these limits. Some districts really offer a solution of the housing problems of families who are disadvantaged in the access to housing while others fill this...