Thesis (MTech (Entrepreneurship))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2020 / Entrepreneurship is widely acknowledged as an effective means of reducing poverty, creating employment, and promoting economic empowerment at the individual, family, and community levels. Although the country is endowed with abundant natural resources, rates of unemployment among the youth of Chad remain alarmingly high. The main objective of this study was to determine the factors which militate against the youth engaging in entrepreneurial activities in N’Djamena, the capital city of Chad. A random sample 150 young Chadian entrepreneurs was selected from a research population which comprised all of the young entrepreneurs in N’Djamena who were registered on the databases of the FONAJ, a national fund which provides financial support to young entrepreneurs in Chad, and the Trade and Personal Property Credit Register (TPPCR) of Chad. The sample size was calculated according to a formula which is widely acknowledged as being appropriate for quantitative studies and 110 potential respondents to the survey questionnaire from which the data were obtained were selected from the former database and 40 from the latter. A letter of consent was obtained from the Ministry of Culture, Youth, and Sports to collect data in N’Djamena and the researcher provided an assurance that all of the information which the participants provided would be treated as strictly confidential and that the participants would remain anonymous. The findings of the study revealed that young entrepreneurs in Chad were faced with obstacles such as a lack of funding, a lack of support from the government for SMEs, and lack of encouragement and financial support from their families. Although there are programmes to assist young entrepreneurs, it was evident from the findings that many experience great difficulty in ensuring the success and sustainability of their businesses. Consequently, they still require additional support with respect to funding, equipment, and assistance and encouragement from their families, financial institutions, and the government, in order to achieve success in their businesses. The thesis concludes with appropriate recommendations for both the government and the young entrepreneurs of N’Djamena to provide relevant insights into how the youth can best be integrated into the entrepreneurial sector in the interests of combating unemployment and enabling them to make a meaningful contribution to the growth of the national economy.

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2003. / Bibliography: leaves 135-143. Also available online.

Entrepreneurship has played an important role in economic prosperity and social stability in many developed countries. Today South Africa as developing country is faced with massive challenges of high levels of unemployment among the youth, especially university graduates, due to lack of work experience, low skills base and education. The formal labour market in South Africa is currently saturated, unable to absorb the ever increasing number of labour force; hence, the decision by the government to prioritise the development and support of small medium enterprises. Beside all these interventions, South Africa is still ranked among the lowest of all developing countries participating in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). Today entrepreneurship is offered in most of the universities as part of the curriculum but it is evident that levels of entrepreneurship are still not improving in the country. There has been an upward trend in the number of young South Africans entering higher education; this can be attributed to the poor market conditions for low–skilled workers and the high monetary benefits to education. The daunting observation is that while the graduate labour force is on the rise, a large number of graduates possessing diplomas and degrees are finding it difficult to find employment. Graduate unemployment in South Africa has been rising very fast since 1995 along with national unemployment. In this study the entrepreneur was used casually to refer to the owner or creator of a new business, small, growing, and successful business. This includes any person who sets up a small business, or changes from being an employee of an organisation to being self employed, even though neither needs any significant degree of innovation nor capital. Risk taking and risk tolerance is one component of entrepreneurship that is very critical, hence there is a need for more attention in the entrepreneurial education. In the discovery perspective, cognition has impact on the chance that some people will identify and seize the opportunity. Opportunity identification depends on prior awareness and knowledge, whilst exploitation depends on having the necessary ii capabilities. Entrepreneurs should be able to read and recognise patterns for them to recognise opportunities. Profile of an entrepreneur and skills required are technical skills, perseverance, communication skills, managerial skills, leadership skills, innovative skills, pro–activity, information seeking skills, and financial skills. The primary objective of this study was to assess the attitudes and perceptions towards entrepreneurship among students in a higher education institution in the Sedibeng District of the Gauteng Province. The empirical study was conducted among the population and recommendations on entrepreneurial education were compiled. The survey was conducted using a self–completion questionnaire method, whereby questionnaires are handed out to respondents for self–completion and returned to the researcher immediately. In an effort to encourage high response, the questionnaire was accompanied by a cover letter which assured the respondents of confidentiality. An attitude scale to test the prevalence of entrepreneurial attitudes and perceptions among the respondents was used. The Likert scale was used whereby the respondents were asked to rate a particular issue on a scale that ranged from strongly disagrees to strongly agree. The majority of the respondents are predominantly young Africans, from low income families with only few parents that made it to university level, and mostly not involved in entrepreneurship. The gap exists with regard to equipping the respondents with entrepreneurial education and training. The university and other stakeholders should create an environment that is supportive towards entrepreneurial activities. There are still many business opportunities that need to be explored in South Africa but the biggest challenge remains the access to knowledge and information with regard to available support structures. Tertiary institutions should: Develop start–up capital systems for students whilst studying. The curriculum design should support employability skills such as languages, starting your own businesses, presentation skills, creativity and leadership abilities, specific qualifications focusing on business creation should be developed, case studies should focus more on opportunity orientated ideas and business and lecturing staff should be empowered to support entrepreneurial activities in their respective fields. Databases of possible business ideas should be developed. A conceptual research model that will support accelerated youth entrepreneurship should be developed in the country and research institutions should be contracted to populate this research model. Furthermore, government regulations should be tested regarding their impact on youth entrepreneurship development as a standard item. Fresh approaches are thus needed to stimulate youth entrepreneurship in rural areas. Therefore, policies and programmes to encourage youth entrepreneurship in these areas should be researched. National competitions for youth entrepreneurs should be encouraged and visible events should be organised such as enterprise weeks at tertiary educational institutions. Tertiary institutions can also investigate the possibility of business hives for students or allowing students businesses to operate on campuses for the duration of their studies. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Entrepreneurship has played an important role in economic prosperity and social stability in many developed countries. Today South Africa as developing country is faced with massive challenges of high levels of unemployment among the youth, especially university graduates, due to lack of work experience, low skills base and education. The formal labour market in South Africa is currently saturated, unable to absorb the ever increasing number of labour force; hence, the decision by the government to prioritise the development and support of small medium enterprises. Beside all these interventions, South Africa is still ranked among the lowest of all developing countries participating in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). Today entrepreneurship is offered in most of the universities as part of the curriculum but it is evident that levels of entrepreneurship are still not improving in the country. There has been an upward trend in the number of young South Africans entering higher education; this can be attributed to the poor market conditions for low–skilled workers and the high monetary benefits to education. The daunting observation is that while the graduate labour force is on the rise, a large number of graduates possessing diplomas and degrees are finding it difficult to find employment. Graduate unemployment in South Africa has been rising very fast since 1995 along with national unemployment. In this study the entrepreneur was used casually to refer to the owner or creator of a new business, small, growing, and successful business. This includes any person who sets up a small business, or changes from being an employee of an organisation to being self employed, even though neither needs any significant degree of innovation nor capital. Risk taking and risk tolerance is one component of entrepreneurship that is very critical, hence there is a need for more attention in the entrepreneurial education. In the discovery perspective, cognition has impact on the chance that some people will identify and seize the opportunity. Opportunity identification depends on prior awareness and knowledge, whilst exploitation depends on having the necessary ii capabilities. Entrepreneurs should be able to read and recognise patterns for them to recognise opportunities. Profile of an entrepreneur and skills required are technical skills, perseverance, communication skills, managerial skills, leadership skills, innovative skills, pro–activity, information seeking skills, and financial skills. The primary objective of this study was to assess the attitudes and perceptions towards entrepreneurship among students in a higher education institution in the Sedibeng District of the Gauteng Province. The empirical study was conducted among the population and recommendations on entrepreneurial education were compiled. The survey was conducted using a self–completion questionnaire method, whereby questionnaires are handed out to respondents for self–completion and returned to the researcher immediately. In an effort to encourage high response, the questionnaire was accompanied by a cover letter which assured the respondents of confidentiality. An attitude scale to test the prevalence of entrepreneurial attitudes and perceptions among the respondents was used. The Likert scale was used whereby the respondents were asked to rate a particular issue on a scale that ranged from strongly disagrees to strongly agree. The majority of the respondents are predominantly young Africans, from low income families with only few parents that made it to university level, and mostly not involved in entrepreneurship. The gap exists with regard to equipping the respondents with entrepreneurial education and training. The university and other stakeholders should create an environment that is supportive towards entrepreneurial activities. There are still many business opportunities that need to be explored in South Africa but the biggest challenge remains the access to knowledge and information with regard to available support structures. Tertiary institutions should: Develop start–up capital systems for students whilst studying. The curriculum design should support employability skills such as languages, starting your own businesses, presentation skills, creativity and leadership abilities, specific qualifications focusing on business creation should be developed, case studies should focus more on opportunity orientated ideas and business and lecturing staff should be empowered to support entrepreneurial activities in their respective fields. Databases of possible business ideas should be developed. A conceptual research model that will support accelerated youth entrepreneurship should be developed in the country and research institutions should be contracted to populate this research model. Furthermore, government regulations should be tested regarding their impact on youth entrepreneurship development as a standard item. Fresh approaches are thus needed to stimulate youth entrepreneurship in rural areas. Therefore, policies and programmes to encourage youth entrepreneurship in these areas should be researched. National competitions for youth entrepreneurs should be encouraged and visible events should be organised such as enterprise weeks at tertiary educational institutions. Tertiary institutions can also investigate the possibility of business hives for students or allowing students businesses to operate on campuses for the duration of their studies. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

This thesis investigates the challenges and opportunities for waste management and circular innovation in the context of sustainable development in Zanzibar, with a specific focus on the relevance of youth circular entrepreneurship. Addressing the low integration of stakeholders, inadequate technical support for young innovators, and challenges in leveraging funding, this study aims to provide insights and recommendations to enhance circularity and waste management systems on the islands. Through a comprehensive literature review, qualitative interviews, and analysis of relevant policies and initiatives, the research uncovers the complex dynamics within Zanzibar's waste management value chain. The findings underscore the urgent need for improved stakeholder collaboration, emphasizing the active participation of government agencies, businesses, communities, civil society organizations, and youth entrepreneurs to drive sustainable practices. The study highlights the crucial role of youth circular entrepreneurship in fostering innovation and driving the transition to a circular economy. It identifies the limited technical support, resources, and infrastructure available to young innovators as key barriers, underscoring the necessity of capacity-building programs, mentorship initiatives, and tailored support mechanisms to empower and enable youth entrepreneurs to contribute to waste management and circular innovation. Furthermore, the research reveals the challenges associated with funding and investment for circular initiatives. It emphasizes the significance of climate finance, public-private partnerships, and the mobilization of international funding sources to overcome financial constraints and create an enabling environment for youth circular entrepreneurship. Based on the analysis, this thesis proposes a range of strategies to enhance circularity in Zanzibar, with a particular emphasis on engaging and empowering youth. These strategies encompass stakeholder collaboration, policy development, education and awareness campaigns targeted at youth, technological advancements, and the establishment of financial mechanisms to support youth-led circular innovation. By addressing the identified challenges and capitalizing on the opportunities, Zanzibar can foster a circular economy that not only addresses environmental concerns but also unlocks economic opportunities, resource efficiency, and community well-being. This research contributes to the knowledge base on waste management and circular innovation in Zanzibar, providing a foundation for future research and action toward sustainable development, with a specific focus on youth circular entrepreneurship.

Автором рассматриваются различные подходы к изучению предпринимательства, классифицируются типы мотивов предпринимателя. Доказывается высокий уровень потенциала молодёжного предпринимательства в мегаполисе, предопределяемый как характерными чертами молодежи, так и особенностями социально-экономической среды мегаполиса. Эмпирическое исследование было проведено в мегаполисе Челябинск с использованием статистических данных, методов глубинного интервью и количественного опроса предпринимателей. На основе анализа статистических данных делается вывод о том, что с 2018 г. и по настоящее время наблюдается негативная тенденция – снижение количества субъектов малого и среднего бизнеса. Результаты глубинных интервью показали, что предпринимателям свойственны характерные черты, позволяющие работать в условиях данной тенденции (позитивное мышление, стремление решать сложные задачи, интерес к социо-политическому контексту). Результаты количественного опроса показали доминирование «материальной» мотивации: подавляющее большинство опрошенных предпринимателей стремится с помощью бизнеса улучшить уровень жизни. Однако даже при условии сохранения дохода предприниматели не готовы перейти на наёмную работу, поскольку важными мотивами предпринимательской деятельности являются реализация творческого потенциала и ощущение независимости. / The author examines various approaches to the study of entrepreneurship, classifies the types of entrepreneur's motives. The high level of potential of youth entrepreneurship in the metropolis is proved, which is predetermined by both the characteristic features of youth and the peculiarities of the socio-economic environment of the metropolis. An empirical study was conducted in Chelyabinsk using statistical data, in-depth interview methods and a quantitative survey of entrepreneurs. Based on the analysis of statistical data, it is concluded that from 2018 to the present, there has been a negative trend - a decrease in the number of small and medium-sized businesses. The results of in-depth interviews showed that entrepreneurs have characteristic features that allow them to work in this conditions (positive thinking, the desire to solve complex problems, interest in the socio-political context). The results of the quantitative survey showed the dominance of “material” motivation: the overwhelming majority of the interviewed entrepreneurs strive to improve their living standards with the help of business. However, even if income is preserved, entrepreneurs are not ready to switch to hired work, since the realization of creative potential and a sense of independence are important motives for entrepreneurial activity.

No description available.

中國政府鼓勵創新及創業，推動雙創政策，喊出「大眾創業，萬眾創新」的口號。中國提出雙創政策後，積極對全球攬才，台灣青年也被有計劃地納入中國政府發展新創「人才工程」的版圖中。為了鼓勵台灣青年進軍中國創業，中國政府陸續於各地區設置海峽兩岸青年創業基地，除了提供完善的創業環境，還有優厚的創業基金，希望能吸引台灣青年西進中國創業。 本研究旨在探討海峽兩岸青年創業基地對台灣青年創業之影響，並對台灣青年赴陸創業提供建言。本研究透過訪談4位創業相關的人士，包含在台灣和中國創業的青年以及台灣和中國的創業育成中心經理，觀察目前台灣青年在台灣及中國的創業狀態以及其面對的創業困境。 根據實際訪談的初級資料分析之結果，中國積極扶持青年創業目的主要是想要降低失業率，而且對青年創業的支持，從中央政策到實際地方的落實推廣相當迅速。海峽兩岸創業基地以提供辦公空間、資源對接、人才獎補、住房津貼等為主。但中國青創基地常因媒體的渲染誇大，事實上資源並不能輕易取得。台灣青年到中國創業前應該要先準備一筆創業資金，並根據自身創業項目需求而審慎選擇創業基地，較能實際取得支援，因為不同規模的基地所能提供的資源也不同。 / China encourages innovation and entrepreneurship to advance structural reform and raises the idea of" Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation ". Measures have been taken by Chinese government to attract global talents, including Taiwanese youth. To encourage young talents from Taiwan to startup in China, Chinese government had established many cross-strait youth entrepreneurship bases in various places. It not only builds up entrepreneurial environment, but also provides generous venture capital, hoping to attract Taiwanese young entrepreneurs into China. The main purpose of this study is to explore the impacts of the cross-strait youth entrepreneurship base on the startups of Taiwan youth and propose suggestions for Taiwanese youth who want to start business in China. Through interviewing with two Taiwanese young entrepreneurs separately in Taiwan and China youth entrepreneurship bases and two managers of Taiwan business incubation center and China entrepreneurship base, we examine the current state of entrepreneurial environments of both sides and the entrepreneurial dilemma facing by Taiwanese young people. Based on the analysis of primary data from in-depth interviews, the main purpose of China's active support of youth entrepreneurship is to reduce the unemployment rate. China's promotion of youth entrepreneurship policies has been implemented fairly rapidly from the central government to local governments. The cross-strait youth entrepreneurship base provides office space, resources docking, talent subsidy and housing allowance etc. But too much false media reports on cross-strait youth entrepreneurship bases. In fact, entrepreneurs cannot easily obtain venture capital fund and resources. Taiwanese young entrepreneurs should first prepare a start-up fund before starting their business in China. Taiwanese entrepreneurs should carefully choose their entrepreneurship base according to the needs of their start-up projects so that they will be able to obtain suitable support, because different bases with different scales can provide different resources.

Στην συγκεκριμένη εργασία θα αναπτυχθεί το πώς οι συμμετέχοντες στο πρόγραμμα του ΟΑΕΔ, την Συμβουλευτική Ανάληψης Επιχειρηματικών Πρωτοβουλιών (Σ.Α.Ε.Π.), αποφάσισαν να δημιουργήσουν την δική τους επιχείρηση. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται μία παρουσίαση της επιχειρηματικότητα και πως αυτή συνδυάζεται με την τεχνολογία και την καινοτομία. Αναλύουμε τις έννοιες, όπως είναι η επιχειρηματικότητα «ευκαιρίας, η επιχειρηματικότητα «ανάγκης», η «καθιερωμένη» επιχειρηματικότητα και η επιχειρηματικότητα «αρχικών σταδίων». Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο προσπαθούμε να αναλύσουμε τους παράγοντες που επηρεάζουν την επιχειρηματικότητα και πως αυτοί μπορούν να ενισχύσουν ή να φέρουν αρνητικά αποτελέσματα στην διαβίωση μιας επιχείρησης. Επιπρόσθετα, κάνουμε μία μικρή αναφορά για τον Ν. Αιτωλοακαρνανίας, τα δημογραφικά χαρακτηριστικά τα οποία έχει και φυσικά με την παραγωγική της δυνατότητα και δυναμικότητα. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο της συγκεκριμένης εργασίας αναλύεται η μεθοδολογία με την οποία πραγματοποιήσαμε την συγκεκριμένη εργασία και φυσικά τον τρόπο με τον οποίο αναλύσαμε τα δεδομένα μας. Επιπλέον, αναφέρουμε τα ερευνητικά μας ερωτήματα και αναλύουμε τους παράγοντες που καθορίζουν την επιχειρηματικότητα στον Ν. Αιτωλοακαρνανίας. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο αναλύονται τα αποτελέσματα από την εξέταση των δεδομένων από το άτομα που συμμετείχαν στο πρόγραμμα της Συμβουλευτικής Ανάληψης Επιχειρηματικών Πρωτοβουλιών (Σ.Α.Ε.Π.) του ΟΑΕΔ. Παρατηρούμε ποιες είναι οι προτιμήσεις τους σχετικά με το κλάδο που θέλουν να δημιουργήσουν την δική τους επιχείρηση, πως η νέα επιχείρηση που θέλουν να ιδρύσουν έχουν σχέση με τις εκπαιδευτικές σπουδές που έχουν ολοκληρώσει (πρωτοβάθμια, δευτεροβάθμια και τριτοβάθμια εκπαίδευση), αλλά και την επαγγελματικής τους εμπειρία που ίσως μπορεί να είχαν αποκτήσει. Στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο αναλύουμε τα συμπεράσματα μας από την ανάλυση των δεδομένων και των εύρεση των αποτελεσμάτων που είχαμε στο προηγούμενο κεφάλαιο. Θα κάνουμε τις δικές μας προτάσεις στο πως τελικά θα πρέπει ίσως οι νέοι να βλέπουν την δημιουργία της δικής τους επιχείρησης, αλλά και ποια θα πρέπει να είναι τα δεδομένα που θα πρέπει να αναλύουν πρώτα τόσο οι ίδιοι, όσο και το κράτος σε ότι έχει σχέση με την ενίσχυση της νέας επιχειρηματικότητας ή της επιχειρηματικότητα «αρχικών σταδίων», με την οποία ασχολούμαστε κυρίως. / In this study it will be developed how participants in the program of ORGANISATION FOR THE OCCUPATION OF THE WORK FORCE, Advisory Undertaking of Enterprising Initiatives (S. GNP), have decided to create their own enterprise. The first chapter presents business dexterity and how this is combined with the technology and the innovation. We analyze the significances, as are the business dexterity of “occasion, the business dexterity of “need”, the “established” business dexterity and the business dexterity of “initial stages”. In the second chapter we try to analyze the factors that influence the business dexterity andhow these can strengthen or bring negatively results in the existence of enterprise. Additionally, we make a small report for the Etoloakarnania, its demographic characteristics and its productive possibility and capacity. In the third chapter is analyzed the methodology of this study and the data analysis. Moreover, we report our inquiring questions and we analyze the factors that determine the business dexterity in the N. Etoloakarnania. In the fourth chapter are analyzed the results from the examination persons that participated in the program of Advisory Undertaking of Enterprising Initiatives (S. GNP) the ORGANISATION FOR THE OCCUPATION OF THE WORK FORCE. We observe their preferences with regard to the sector that want to create their own enterprise, how the new enterprise they found has relation with their educational study (first degree, secondary and third degree education), but also their professional experience that it perhaps can they had acquired. Finally we analyze our conclusions from our data analysis. We will make our own proposals on how young people supposed to see the creation of their own enterprise, but also what should be the data that should be analyzed first not only by them but the state also in relation to the aid of new business dexterity or business dexterity of “initial stages”, with which we dealt mainly.

Magister Economicae - MEcon / Entrepreneurship has been regarded as a solution to various developmental challenges such as unemployment, inequality, and poverty, which are inherent among the marginalised populations. However, the high rate of failure of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) remain an impediment to the use of entrepreneurship as a means to ameliorate the challenges. This is especially the case among young entrepreneurs. In addition, given the imperativeness of financial literacy in the success of SMEs, this study determines the influences of financial literacy on entrepreneurial success within the marginalised communities. It also explores and identifies the reasons why failure rates are high among young entrepreneurs in the economically disadvantaged community of Khayelitsha, Cape Town. This study employs a concurrent mixed methods design, making use of both quantitative and qualitative data. A survey is conducted in Khayelitsha using the snowballing sampling technique due to difficulty in accessing young entrepreneurs. The quantitative data from the survey provides demographic and socioeconomic information on young entrepreneurs