В работе раскрыты теоретико-методологические и правовые основы развития предпринимательского потенциала молодежи; проведен анализ развития предпринимательства среди молодежи выявлены проблемы развития предпринимательства среди молодежи Свердловской области, разработаны рекомендации. По результатом исследования разработаны программы проведения тренингов для начинающих молодых предпринимателей. / The paper reveals the theoretical, methodological and legal foundations for the development of the entrepreneurial potential of young people; analyzes the development of entrepreneurship among young people; identifies the problems of entrepreneurship development among the youth of the Sverdlovsk region; and develops recommendations. As a result of the research, training programs for young entrepreneurs have been developed.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The lack of jobs in South Africa and eMalahleni has caused many young people to seek their own job opportunities in the form of setting up their own business. Despite this, many young business people fail in their ventures due to low capital. In response to this, organisations such as the National Youth Development Agency have created support structures to support young business owners in their local area. The purpose of this study is to explore the extent to which the structures and programmes to support youth development – as far as entrepreneurship is concerned – help to cultivate the creation of businesses among the black youth in eMalahleni. Thirty participants who are young entrepreneurs (under 35 years) participated in interviews that helped to elucidate qualitative information about the support structures. They were asked how the support structures had helped them if they participated, or the reasons why they chose not to use the support structure. They were also asked to identify potential bottlenecks or issues with the support structures that may be preventing them from being fully accessible. The results showed that a lack of trust in the support structures, particularly those created by the National Youth Development Agency, was a major reason for non-participation or choice not to use. Additionally, many felt that the hierarchy and unwelcoming atmosphere of the support structures prevented young people from applying. Other reasons given were the fact that the support structures may not always be geographically accessible and the fact that staff members were not fully trained to be as helpful as possible. There are several ways in which these support structures could be improved that are detailed in this research document. The most important recommendation relates to ensuring that the red tape is removed to make the support structures more helpful to a larger number of young black entrepreneurs. Creating a more local atmosphere may also help the support structures to reach their full potential.

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / Entrepreneurship has been regarded as a solution to various developmental challenges such as unemployment, inequality, and poverty, which are inherent among the marginalised populations. However, the high rate of failure of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) remain an impediment to the use of entrepreneurship as a means to ameliorate the challenges. This is especially the case among young entrepreneurs. In addition, given the imperativeness of financial literacy in the success of SMEs, this study determines the influences of financial literacy on entrepreneurial success within the marginalised communities. It also explores and identifies the reasons why failure rates are high among young entrepreneurs in the economically disadvantaged community of Khayelitsha, Cape Town. This study employs a concurrent mixed methods design, making use of both quantitative and qualitative data. A survey is conducted in Khayelitsha using the snowballing sampling technique due to difficulty in accessing young entrepreneurs. The quantitative data from the survey provides demographic and socioeconomic information on young entrepreneurs. The survey is also used to determine the level of financial literacy and business success of these entrepreneurs. The qualitative in-depth interviews, on the other hand, provide insights into the motivations of the entrepreneurs, their experiences and the causes of business failure.

This study is concerned with contributing to solutions that address the problems of youth unemployment, inequality and poverty in South Africa, specifically among those youth who are being marginalised from participating equally in mainstream economic activities. It argues that financial and digital exclusion, as well as poor access to a quality education, are factors which are currently limiting these youths' economic potential and perpetuating a cycle of unemployment, inequality and poverty in South Africa. The literature and theory of social entrepreneurship presents a strong case to address unemployment, inequality and poverty, as well as to stimulate economic growth by creating new business and self-employment opportunities for the youth. This qualitative grounded theory study evaluates the theory of social entrepreneurship in practice, by comparing the theory to the lived realities of some disenfranchised youths in Cape Town. The study also provides an analysis of the systems of privilege and the dual economy that exist in South Africa. Through feedback received during interviews with a representative sample of the target group, the study offers new insights into the challenges faced when young people are seeking employment or want to start a business in the South African economy. Youth social entrepreneurship development and start-up incubation programmes arguably perform a critical function in facilitating inclusive economic participation among the youth. Developing new insights, concepts and recommendations to maximise these programmes' social impact is a critical function of this study, which ultimately hopes to contribute to the creation of more inclusive entrepreneurial opportunities for disadvantaged South African youth.

This thesis investigates the accessibility of formal and informal entrepreneurship education for youths and young adults in India. The study uncovers crucial patterns and indications, emphasising the need for accessible and comprehensive entrepreneurship education. It also highlights the limitations and weaknesses of the research, such as potential biases, small sample size, and challenges in online survey methodology. The existing literature in the field is discussed, noting its limitations in methodology, presentation, and argumentation. The research underscores the pressing need for comprehensive entrepreneurship education that bridges the gap between formal and informal channels. It addresses the heavy reliance on formal education, which has left many students and graduates without the necessary skills to combat high youth unemployment. Informal channels play a significant role but suffer from limited access to resources and quality education, leading to a skill gap among young adults. The findings call for blended learning approaches that integrate formal and informal entrepreneurship education, leveraging technological advancements. By adopting a holistic and inclusive approach, India can unlock its vast entrepreneurial potential, promote job creation, and stimulate economic growth. The thesis underscores the importance of critically evaluating the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education despite substantial investments in this area. In conclusion, enhancing the accessibility of entrepreneurship education for Indian youths and young adults requires addressing barriers, leveraging technology, and fostering a supportive environment. The study acknowledges the limitations and challenges faced in conducting research on this topic but emphasises the significance of striving for high-quality research to inform stakeholders and support the improvement of entrepreneurship in India.

The research work is dedicated to the essence, details and specification of the entrepreneurship including the youth entrepreneurship in particular. It outlines the trends of the youth entrepreneurial development in Russia and abroad. The research analyzes restrains and limits of the youth entrepreneurship in order to propose the ways to overcome them. Thus, there were identified three groups of factors that prevent the graduated students to start their own business: 1) personal characteristics, fear of risk or failure; 2) lack of knowledge, skills, funds; 3) politico-social and economic instability, intense competition, etc. Moreover, the majority of the students have no or have just hint of information about the youth entrepreneurship support programs. The scientific work showed up that among the UrFU graduated students sample (Psychology Department and Economic Department, 78 persons, in total) 58 persons (74%) wanted to be an entrepreneur. The comparative analysis of both groups of students who willing and unwilling to be an entrepreneur irrespectively of their study programs results in fact that the students who are inclined to entrepreneurship have high level of risk tolerance combined with the high level of achievement motivation and the low level of motivation to avoid failure. In addition, the economy students have the high level of risk tolerance and the psychology students have the average one. In conclusion, the outcomes of the research can be used as an informational pool for the development of the youth entrepreneurial projects and as a reference framework for further monitoring of the graduation students attitude toward the entrepreneurship issue. / В исследовании определено содержание, сущность и специфика предпринимательской деятельности, а также молодежного предпринимательства в частности. Описаны тенденции развития молодежного предпринимательства за рубежом и в России. Охарактеризованы сдерживающие факторы, барьеры предпринимательской деятельности молодых людей и меры преодоления этих барьеров. Так, выделено три группы факторов, препятствующих студентам-выпускникам создавать свой бизнес: 1) личностные качествами, боязнь риска и неудачи; 2) отсутствие знаний, навыков, финансов; 3) социально-политическая и экономическая нестабильность, высокий уровень конкуренции и т.п. При этом большинство студентов вообще не слышали о программах поддержки предпринимательства или имеют весьма смутное представление о них. Выявлено, что из выборки студентов-выпускников УрФУ (психологи и экономисты, всего 78 чел.) 58 человек (74%) хотели бы стать предпринимателями. Сравнительный анализ мотивации склонных и не склонных к предпринимательской деятельности независимо от профессионального направления подготовки показал, что, студенты склонные к предпринимательству отличаются высоким уровнем готовности к риску в сочетании с высоким уровнем мотивации успеха и низким уровнем мотивации избегания неудач. При этом экономисты отличаются высоким, а психологи средним уровнем готовности к риску. В целом, полученные данные могут служить информационной основой по развитию проектов, вовлекающих студентов в предпринимательство, а также проведения последующих мониторингов отношения выпускников к данной деятельности.

Le cadre légal des affaires en Haïti et, plus particulièrement, le Code des investissements de 2002 ne sont ni en mesure d’attirer les investissements directs étrangers, ni n’arrivent à faciliter la réalisation des activités entrepreneuriales. Ce cadre légal n’est pas adapté à la situation particulière des jeunes entrepreneur.e.s en Haïti ni à celle des entrepreneur.e.s de la diaspora intéressé.e.s à entreprendre des affaires dans leur pays d’origine. Certaines initiatives de l’État haïtien pour promouvoir les activités entrepreneuriales au pays, encourager les jeunes à se lancer en affaires ou convaincre la diaspora et les étranger.ère.s à venir investir dans le pays, ne produisent pas de résultats satisfaisants. Il y a lieu de questionner les obstacles qui empêchent le climat des affaires haïtien d’être attractif et compétitif. De tels obstacles sont d’ordre à la fois politique, financier, administratif, structurel et légal. Ceux liés au cadre légal en vigueur et aux démarches administratives pour réaliser les activités entrepreneuriales ont fait l’objet, dans le cadre de ce mémoire, d’une analyse particulière. Cette dernière a permis de mettre en exergue les lourdeurs administratives, la difficulté de trouver du financement et l’absence de définition du statut « d’entrepreneur.e » et d’un encadrement des activités entrepreneuriales proprement dites. Le cadre légal des affaires en vigueur, se limitant au droit commercial traditionnel, mérite d’être mis à jour afin d’être adapté aux particularités des jeunes entrepreneur.e.s. D’où la formulation, dans ce mémoire, d’un ensemble de propositions qui prennent en compte, d’une part, les différents obstacles qui compliquent la réalisation d’activités entrepreneuriales en Haïti et, d’autre part, les particularités des jeunes entrepreneur.e.s ou de l’entrepreneuriat jeunesse. / The legal framework for business in Haiti and, in particular, the 2002 Investment Code are neither able to attract foreign direct investment nor facilitate entrepreneurial activities. This legal framework is not adapted to the particular situation of young entrepreneurs in Haiti or to that of entrepreneurs from the diaspora interested in doing business in their home country. Some Haitian government initiatives to promote entrepreneurial activities in the country, encourage young people to start a business or convince the diaspora and foreigners to invest in the country are not producing satisfactory results. There is a need to question the obstacles that prevent the Haitian business climate from being attractive and competitive. Such obstacles are political, financial, administrative, structural and legal. Those related to the legal framework in force and the administrative procedures for carrying out entrepreneurial activities have been the subject of a particular analysis in the context of this brief. This analysis has made it possible to highlight the administrative burden, the difficulty in finding financing and the lack of definition of the status of “entrepreneur” and the lack of a framework for entrepreneurial activities as such. The current legal framework for business, limited to traditional commercial law, needs to be updated in order to be adapted to the particularities of young entrepreneurs. Hence the formulation, in this brief, of a set of proposals that take into account, on the one hand, the various obstacles that complicate the realization of entrepreneurial activities in Haiti and, on the other hand, the particularities of young entrepreneurs or youth entrepreneurship.

The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the interventions used by the South African Breweries (SAB) KickStart Programme to establish and grow entrepreneurial small businesses among young South Africans. South Africa has an extremely high unemployment rate, low economic growth and a dismal Total (early-stage) Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA). With regard to established businesses (older than three-and-a-half years), the GEM report of 2005 ranked South Africa the lowest of all the countries surveyed. The SAB KickStart Programme comprises five phases: an awareness campaign, recruitment and training, a business plan competition for grants, success enhancement and national awards. The following interventions form part of the programme: the General Enterprising Tendency (GET) test; two-week live-in business management training; funding and mentoring; and a national competition for prize money. At every stage, adjudication is based on business plans and presentations. The evaluation of the effectiveness of an existing entrepreneurship programme, the SAB KickStart Programme, has several advantages, in so far as it determines whether the programme does indeed attain its objectives, and could help to improve the structuring of such programmes for future use by other corporations in South Africa. The population for the study comprised all the participants of the SAB KickStart Programme, from 2001 to 2006. A questionnaire was developed and a response rate of 28.5% was realised. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to the turnover and percentage profit figures of respondents to investigate the significance of the type of SAB KickStart support afforded. The results were confirmed by the Bonferroni multiple comparison of means test. The deduction is that funding and mentoring, after training, adds value to the programme. Eighty per cent of the SAB KickStarters were still operating their initial businesses, which they owned when they started on the programme, while a further six per cent had started another business, hence a "failure" rate of only 14 per cent. Many other meaningful findings emerged. In conclusion, it can be said that the SAB KickStart Programme adds value and advances entrepreneurship, and could possibly be applied by other large institutions in South Africa In conclusion, it can be said that the SAB KickStart programme adds value and advances entrepreneurship, and can be elevated to other large institutions in South Africa. / Business Management / D.Comm. (Business Management)

The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the interventions used by the South African Breweries (SAB) KickStart Programme to establish and grow entrepreneurial small businesses among young South Africans. South Africa has an extremely high unemployment rate, low economic growth and a dismal Total (early-stage) Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA). With regard to established businesses (older than three-and-a-half years), the GEM report of 2005 ranked South Africa the lowest of all the countries surveyed. The SAB KickStart Programme comprises five phases: an awareness campaign, recruitment and training, a business plan competition for grants, success enhancement and national awards. The following interventions form part of the programme: the General Enterprising Tendency (GET) test; two-week live-in business management training; funding and mentoring; and a national competition for prize money. At every stage, adjudication is based on business plans and presentations. The evaluation of the effectiveness of an existing entrepreneurship programme, the SAB KickStart Programme, has several advantages, in so far as it determines whether the programme does indeed attain its objectives, and could help to improve the structuring of such programmes for future use by other corporations in South Africa. The population for the study comprised all the participants of the SAB KickStart Programme, from 2001 to 2006. A questionnaire was developed and a response rate of 28.5% was realised. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to the turnover and percentage profit figures of respondents to investigate the significance of the type of SAB KickStart support afforded. The results were confirmed by the Bonferroni multiple comparison of means test. The deduction is that funding and mentoring, after training, adds value to the programme. Eighty per cent of the SAB KickStarters were still operating their initial businesses, which they owned when they started on the programme, while a further six per cent had started another business, hence a "failure" rate of only 14 per cent. Many other meaningful findings emerged. In conclusion, it can be said that the SAB KickStart Programme adds value and advances entrepreneurship, and could possibly be applied by other large institutions in South Africa In conclusion, it can be said that the SAB KickStart programme adds value and advances entrepreneurship, and can be elevated to other large institutions in South Africa. / Business Management / D.Comm. (Business Management)

Youth unemployment is one of the key global challenges facing the world today. Statistically, the global youth unemployment rate is 13.1%. Youth entrepreneurship is viewed as a possible solution to youth unemployment. Interestingly, the world has adopted entrepreneurship as a strategic approach to facilitate economic participation among the youth. Youth entrepreneurship has gained importance in recent years in many countries, as a way of fostering employment opportunities, boosting economic competitiveness, and promoting local and regional development. Youth involvement in entrepreneurship assists in boosting their confidence, achieving economic independence, and alleviating poverty. Some researchers describe entrepreneurial orientation as innovativeness, pro-activeness, risk taking, and competitive aggressiveness. Other researchers see entrepreneurial orientation as being pushed or pulled into entrepreneurship. In this study, push and pull factors to become entrepreneurs were used to determine the entrepreneurial orientation of the respondents. The objectives of the study were to investigate whether there is a relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and the business performance of youth entrepreneurs in the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. A descriptive research design within a quantitative research approach was adopted using online surveys and physical administration of questionnaires. The study used a census method to sample 555 youth entrepreneurs in the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. A low response rate was achieved as only 96 respondents fully completed the questionnaires, which were used in the analysis. The collected data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The findings of this study revealed that push factors had a significant influence on the business performance of youth businesses in the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality; whereas there was no statistical evidence to suggest that pull factors predicted the business performance of youth businesses in the study area. The research found that entrepreneurship among young individuals is essential to enhancing young people’s economic development. The study discovered that most TMM youths were pulled in to starting their own businesses. The research also suggested that, EO could encourage TMM youth entrepreneurs to continue to become innovative, take- risk, be pro-active and competive aggressive in the businesses. / Business Management / M.A (Business Management)