Este estudo tem como objetivo mostrar como Nietzsche, ao engendrar a sua metafísica do artista, realiza uma crítica à cultura moderna alemã. Para isto, realizaremos uma genealogia do conceito de descarga (Entladung), no qual Nietzsche caracteriza sua noção de trágico. Inicialmente, mostraremos que nas conferências O Drama Musical Grego e Sócrates e a Tragédia a noção de trágico em Nietzsche se apresenta no termo êxtase (ecstase). Esta concepção muda com o amadurecimento conceitual da metafísica do artista de Nietzsche a partir do distanciamento do pensamento de Schopenhauer. Assim, em A Visão Dionisíaca do Mundo, o termo Entladung já é empregado, no lugar da noção ecstase. Por sua vez, em O Nascimento da Tragédia, o jovem filólogo associa o termo Entladung ao conceito de Uno Primordial, apresentando de maneira mais acabada sua metafísica. Neste percurso genealógico, pretendemos mostrar que o desenvolvimento da metafísica do artista está atrelado a uma crítica à cultura moderna alemã através de uma associação de sua concepção de trágico ao conceito de catarse (katharsis) aristotélico. / This study aims to show how Nietzsche, engendering his metaphysics of the artist, performs a critique of modern German culture. For this purpose, we will execute a genealogy of the concept of discharge (Entladung), in which Nietzsche characterizes his tragic notion. Initially, we will show that in the conferences \"The Greek Music Drama\" and \"Socrates and Tragedy\" the tragic notion in Nietzsche is presented in the term ecstasy (ecstase). This notion changes with the conceptual maturity of Nietzsches metaphysics of the artist due to his distancing from Schopenhauer\'s thought. Thus, in \"Dionysian Vision of the World\" the term Entladung is already employed replacing the notion of ecstase. In turn, in \"The Birth of Tragedy,\" the young philologist associates the term Entladung to the concept of Primordial One, presenting his metaphysics in a most complete way. In this genealogical journey, we intend to show that the development of the metaphysics of the artist is linked to a critique of modern German culture through a combination of his tragic notion with the concept of Aristotelian catharsis (katharsis).

Usando geometrias do tipo ponta e plano estudou-se as características elétricas da descarga corona positiva e negativa. Mediram-se as distribuições da densidade de corrente elétrica e do campo elétrico sobre o plano coletor dos íons. São discutidos os resultados obtidos para o sistema ponta planos e para o sistema em que o campo elétrico externo é aplicado através de uma placa adicional colocada perto da ponta. Neste último caso os resultados são interpretados com um modelo teórico que supõe que os íons se movem direção perpendicular entre as placas, sob a ação de um campo constante e lateralmente sob o campo de repulsão da carga espacial. / Electric characteristics of a positive and negative corona discharge were studied for geometries of the type point and plane. The electric current density and the electric field distributions on the collector plane were measured. We discuss the results obtained with the point and plane geometry and with the geometry were a external electric field is applied by means of an additional metallic plate fixed near the point. For the latter geometry the results were interpreted by using a theoretical model in which it is assumed that the ions drift in the direction perpendicular to the plates under a constant electric field and laterally under the field of the ionic space charge.

Objectives: Transitions of care (ToC) for a high-risk neonatal population, and in some cases inappropriate and early discharge, can have important implications for community and broader population health. As it is a key indicator of the efficiency of the system of health services, the ease of ToC has been a priority for improving care outcomes across all settings in our nation’s healthcare system. Research shows that inappropriate discharges can lead to negative outcomes for patients and their families, health professionals, and the health system. Collaboration amongst the health care professionals, the community, and the patient’s family is needed for an efficient transition. This research examined how interprofessional collaboration (IPC) can act as a catalyst for efficient and effective ToC from a high-risk neonatal unit to care back in the community. Approach: Twelve infants were observed from their admission on the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) until their discharge home. The 12 consisted of four patients discharged directly home, four to another unit within the same hospital, and four to another institution. Stage one involved a document analysis of documents related to ToC policy on the NICU. Stage two involved observation. Stage three involved interviews with healthcare professionals (HCPs) in the hospital and community (n=30) and family members (n=12). Stage four consisted of deliberative workshops with the hospital management and research participants to share the results and obtain their feedback. Results: Including parents early in the ToC planning process helps parents feel they’re a part of the interprofessional care team, in-charge of their infant’s care and thus better equipped mentally to handle their infant’s ToC. Knowing early on their infant’s discharge plan allows parents the opportunity to ask questions regarding caring for the infant at home or to meet the new healthcare team at the new site (hospital/floor) prior to the transfer. Mechanisms need to be in place to ensure that communication regarding ToC is consistent and clear to and between all HCPs whether in the hospital (e.g. bedside nurse) or in the community (e.g. family doctor). Having a clear understanding of what information should be transferred during a ToC will prevent unnecessary tests and misunderstandings. Increasing HCPs’ knowledge of available community resources will aide in transitioning infants to community care and thus freeing bed space and decreasing unnecessary costs at the hospital (i.e. A feeding and growing baby can be weighed by family doctor or Rapid Response Nurse and not necessarily the neonatologist). A consistent ToC policy across all NICUs would also be beneficial to ensuring a smoother ToC of infants. Conclusion: It is believed that communication and education in an interprofessional context is critical for more efficient and effective ToC of neonates.

Discharge a rescue mode of resolution of insolvency Summary The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the Institute of debt relief as one of the solution of bankruptcy. The work is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is a historical excursion, describing the evolution of resolving insolvency and bankruptcy proceedings in the world and in the Czech Republic. The second chapter deals with the general interpretation of the concept of bankruptcy, insolvency proceedings and its effects. The third and most extensive chapter then focuses on discharge from debts itself and its nodal points that are crucial in this process. Namely persons entitled to file a petition for permission to discharge debts, including the requirements of this petition, the court's decision on the permit and subsequent approval of discharge from debts, debt discharge methods and duties of the debtor, and finally the decision of fullfilment of debt discharge and exemption of debtor from debts. Act no. 182/2006 Coll. on bankruptcy and its solution (Insolvency Act) provides two methods of debt discharge. Debt discharge through the realisation of assets or under the schedule payement. Both methods have in common that the debtor must pay at least 30% of the total value of its unsecured debts and the unsecured...

Discharge - as one of modes of resolving insolvency Abstract Discharge from debts is one of modes of resolving insolvency according to Czech Insolvency Act (Act N.182 / 2006 Coll.). Discharge is ranked among so-called rehabilitation modes of resolving insolvency, whose purpose is not only the highest possible satisfaction of creditors, but also the protection of a debtor against unfavorable consequences of the insolvency proceedings. Discharge can be used to resolve insolvency of non-entrepreneurs and small businessmen. The purpose of this thesis is to comprehensively characterize discharge from debts as one of rehabilitation modes of resolving insolvency, describe all phases of the discharge procedure and focus on some specific problems of this institute. The thesis is composed of six chapters. Chapter One focuses on general characteristics of the rehabilitation modes of resolving insolvency. At the very beginning there is a definition of bankruptcy and a basic description of rehabilitation modes, followed by brief historical overview of Czech insolvency law. Last part of this chapter deals with rehabilitation modes in Insolvency Act and brief description of reorganization and discharge with emphasis on its personal applicability. Chapter Two concerns with a commencement of insolvency proceedings. It...

Abstract This thesis discusses the age and sex distribution of previously hospitalised asthmatics and the number of new asthma-induced treatment periods as a proportion of all asthma-related hospital admissions. Seasonal fluctuations in treatment periods were analysed with respect to age, and seasonal fluctuations in mortality among previously hospitalised asthmatics by combining the hospital discharge register with the mortality statistics on the basis of the patients social security numbers. A total of 364,871 asthma-induced treatment periods were reported to the hospital discharge register in 1972-1992, of which 192,195 occurred in 1.1.1983-31.12.1992, and 28.6% of these were new cases. Treatment periods relative to population amounted to 2.76/1000 in 1972 and 3.43/1000 in 1992. The number of treatment periods among children was greatest at the age of 1 year, 11.2/1000 for boys and 5.5/1000 for girls, and lowest at 17 years among the boys, and 13 years among the girls. The numbers rose slowly in early adulthood (with the exception of men aged 18-22 years), reaching a new peak at 73 years of age for men, 10.3/1000, and 75 years for women, 9.5/1000, and decreasing gradually thereafter. A half of the treatment periods recorded for patients aged under 1 year or for men aged 20 years represented new cases, whereas otherwise the vast majority of the treatment periods were being readmissions. The seasonal peaks among the total of 59,624 hospital periods involving persons aged under 15 years reported to the discharge register in 1972-1992 occurred in May and October, and the lowest figures in January and July. Conscripts aged 18-22 years experienced 4894 asthma-induced treatment periods in 1982-1992, representing incidence rates of 8.5/1000 in 1982 and 27.7/1000 in 1992. The figure was highest in the month in which the conscripts entered service and the month following that. A total of 81,243 asthma-induced treatment periods were recorded for persons aged over 24 years in 1987-1992, the figures being highest in January-May, 18.2% above the monthly trend in January, and lowest in July, 26.1% below the monthly trend. 7622 of the asthmatics first admitted in 1977-1992 died at an age of over 24 years in 1987-1993, mortality being highest in December and January and lowest in August. Obstructive pulmonary diseases were the primary cause of death for 1283 persons, including 489 who died of asthma itself. Apart from children and men aged 18-22 years, asthma gives rise to a large number of treatment periods among the middle-aged and the elderly. Measures should be taken to diagnose it at an early stage in these groups and to intensify the treatment provided. In addition, the factors provoking asthma during military service should be minimised and preventive measures enhanced in the case of children in May and September. As far as adults are concerned, asthma-related hospitalisation may involve a greater fatality risk in winter, so that aggravations occurring in winter should be treated with particular care.

Discharge from debts represents one of modes of resolving bankruptcy of a debtor. It is a legal institute, which is very often used by debtors. Its aim is not only to satisfy creditors at least in the law guaranteed amount but also to protect the debtor, who is released of all his previous debts after successful discharge and he can start new life without debts and never-ending executions. The purpose of this thesis is to characterize an institute of discharge, to put it into the system of insolvency law, to describe insolvency procedure and some problematic areas of discharge, which cause difficulties in practice. During writing this thesis I tried to interconnect effective laws with case law of higher courts, reference literature and articles. The thesis is composed of 5 chapters. In the first one I briefly characterize basic terms of insolvency law (insolvency proceeding, bankruptcy, procedural entities) and modes of resolving bankruptcy of a debtor. Second chapter focuses on insolvency proceeding from insolvency petition to permission of discharge. Last part of the chapter describes alternatives of discharge, these are converting debtor's property into money, payment schedule or combination of both. In the third part, I deal with some problematic areas of discharge, which are missing or unclear...

Master of Public Health - MPH / This thesis aimed to explore systematic health service problems that are related to frequent readmission of persons suffering from severe mental illnesses to Valkenberg Hospital. Reduction of acute and chronic beds in the Associated Psychiatric Hospitals, Western Cape over the past decade has led to increasing pressure for beds and rapid inpatient turnover, many of these inpatients being "revolving door" patients. Integration of mental health service into general health services, an intrinsic part of the comprehensive primary health care approach in South Africa, is supposed to make mental health care more accessible the public, therefore research into why patients are being frequently readmitted at secondary specialist level is indicated. / South Africa

In the last few decades India has advanced socioeconomically due to the rapid growth of industries and automobile sector. This in turn increases the use of fossil fuel and diesel. The atmosphere gets polluted due to the harmful substances, which comes from the burning of fuel. These pollutants can be in the form of gaseous, liquid or solid particulate. Diesel engines, the major source of power in industries and automobiles, play a significant part in causing air pollution. The major pollutants in diesel exhaust are oxides of nitrogen (NOX), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOC), aldehydes and alcohols. Due to the heavy consumption of diesel as a fuel there is an urgent need to control diesel exhaust. Diesel exhaust is a complex mixture of several gases and fine particles (commonly known as soot) that contains more than 40 toxic air contaminants. Amongst the gaseous pollutants in diesel exhaust, the major concern and a challenging task is to control oxides of nitrogen, commonly referred to as NOX as it is the major contributor for acid rain, photochemical smog etc. Successful control of emissions from diesel engines is yet to be achieved. The conventional techniques which are available to control emission now are either difficult to operate or does not satisfy the stringent emission standards. This has made the researchers throughout the world to find an alternative and effective non-conventional after treatment technique to reduce diesel engine emission. The failure of conventional techniques lead to the development of non-conventional techniques such as high voltage electric discharge based plasma which has already been proved to be economical and highly efficient in industrial electrostatic precipitators. Electric discharge plasma or non-thermal plasma produce energetic electrons which react with background molecules in flue gas leading to active species such as radicals. These radicals being chemically active selectively react with the harmful pollutants facilitating their removal/reduction. The present thesis work is an attempt to provide a technical solution to achieve higher removal efficiencies of oxides of nitrogen in the backdrop of shortcomings that exist in conventional technologies to do so. The current thesis describes the research in four stages: (i) studies on NOX removal from diesel exhaust by cross-flow DBD reactor, where design and fabrication of cross-flow DBD reactor, exhaust treatment using cross-flow DBD reactor and exhaust treatment with cascaded plasma-adsorbent technique is described (ii) studies on NOX removal from diesel exhaust by compact discharge plasma sources, where design and fabrication of high frequency high voltage AC (HVAC) using old television flyback transformer, Design and fabrication of high voltage pulse (HVPulse) using automobile ignition coil, exhaust treatment with both HVPulse and HVAC and exhaust treatment with cascaded plasma-adsorbent technique is described (iii) studies on NOX removal from diesel exhaust using solar powered discharge plasma source is described (iv) studies on the NOX removal from diesel exhaust using red mud, where exhaust treatment with red mud and Exhaust treatment cascaded plasma-red mud is covered. The results have been discussed in light of enhancing the NOX removal efficiency for stationary and automobile engine exhausts.

Mineral oil has been widely used in liquid insulation of power transformers. However, it is poorly biodegradable and could cause serious contamination to the environment if a spill occurs. With increasingly strict environmental rules and regulations, there is considerable interest from the Utilities to apply esters in power transformers as substitutions to mineral oil. In order to use esters in large power transformers, their dielectric properties should be thoroughly investigated. This PhD thesis covers the experimental studies on the dielectric properties of a type of synthetic ester (Midel 7131) and a type of natural ester (FR3) in both uniform and divergent electric fields, using a mineral oil (Gemini X) as the benchmark. The dielectric properties of transformer liquids in uniform fields were investigated using breakdown voltage tests. The breakdown voltages of esters should be at least similar to that of mineral oil to allow a replacement in transformers. To obtain a fair comparison, the AC breakdown voltages of well-processed transformer liquids were tested, and their distributions were statistically analyzed. Since the breakdowns of transformer liquids in uniform fields are caused by the weakest-links, conditions representative of in-service transformer liquids were also considered by testing the effects of extraneous factors, such as particles, water and electrode area. The divergent fields were produced by sharp needle electrodes with tip curvatures of a few micrometers. The dielectric properties of transformer liquids in such fields were studied using several methods. A traditional PD detector was used to study the partial discharge characteristics of insulating liquids, such as the inception voltages and the repetition rates. A high speed camera was utilized to identify the streamer generation, propagation and breakdown phenomena. An oscilloscope was used to investigate the current signals associated with these phenomena. The breakdown voltages of transformer liquids were also determined in the divergent field at various gaps. Furthermore, the fault gases in transformer liquids under partial discharge faults were determined and analyzed. The following findings and conclusions can be made from the research in this thesis: * The AC dielectric strengths of esters in uniform fields are similar to that of mineral oil when they are in a well-processed condition. When practical liquid conditions are considered, the AC dielectric strengths of esters are higher than that of mineral oil. * The partial discharge behaviours at overstressed voltages can be used to differentiate various transformer liquids. Esters are relatively inferior to mineral oil in terms of higher discharge amplitude, higher discharge repetition rate and more negative partial discharges.* Mineral oil possesses a higher ability to suppress the propagation of negative streamers. Thus, the AC dielectric strength of mineral oil in the divergent field is relatively higher than those of esters. * Esters generate the same types of fault gases due to electrical discharge as mineral oil, but in relatively larger amounts.