Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Psychology. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2005. / "A dissertation in psychology." Advisor: Sharon Portwood. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed June 23, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 254-260). Online version of the print edition.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2006. / Includes bibliography.

This research used qualitative methods to investigate the police officer decision-making processes within the theoretical context of the focal concerns framework and the theory of planned behavior. This research had two primary goals. The first goal was to determine what similarities and differences exist in how ideas from the focal concerns framework manifest themselves in a policing context as compared to how they operate for judges when sentencing convicted offenders. The second goal of this research was to use ideas from the theory of planned behavior to elaborate the focal concerns framework into a functional theoretical model of police officer decision-making. While intuitively sound, the focal concerns perspective is in need of conceptual enhancements to operationalize the mechanisms through which the focal concerns identified are transformed into action. Interviews with police officers were conducted to elicit the considerations that police officers see as important to their decision-making process in order to develop a theory of police decision-making which incorporates concepts from the focal concerns framework and the theory of planned behavior. The results of this study indicate that although police officers share the same broad focal concerns as judges, the way these concerns manifest themselves in the execution of their duties is different for police officers. The results also indicate that the construct of intent from the theory of planned behavior may be a viable cognitive mechanism to connect ideas from the focal concerns framework with criminal justice outcomes, although other constructs from the theory were only found to be partially applicable. Theoretical implications of the findings and directions for future research are also discussed.

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Objective: The Florida Adult Trauma Triage Criteria (FATTC) define specific parameters concerning injury mechanism and physiologic data that prompt paramedics to initiate a trauma alert and necessitate transport to a trauma center. In the state of Florida, paramedics are also given discretion to bring patients to the trauma center who do not meet those criteria. Our aim was to compare the injury characteristics and outcomes of adult patients who were evaluated in our trauma center after activation due to FATTC criteria vs. paramedic discretion (PD) and to identify predictors of PD. Methods: This retrospective study included all patients 18 years and older evaluated in our trauma center from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2014. Descriptive statistics were computed for all variables. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare demographic, injury severity, and outcome differences between groups. Results: A total of 13,963 patients met FATTC during the study period, and 1,811 were brought in by PD. PD patients had lower injury severity and crude mortality. Regression modeling of demographic and injury variables found that only the combination of older age and higher heart rate predicted PD when both were lower than FATTC alone. Conclusions: While PD patients were less seriously injured and had lower mortality, they experienced similar lengths of stay and resource utilization after presentation. Paramedics may be able to identify patients at risk for poor outcomes who would otherwise not be captured by FATTC.

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In South Africa, despite constitutional safeguards, research has shown Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, Transgender, Intersex, and Queer (LGBTIQ+) individuals who experience hate-related incidents based on their sexual orientation and gender identity expression (SOGIE) do not report their cases to the police for fear of secondary victimisation. Much of the complaints against the police cite homophobic and heterosexist work cultures that leave victims feeling disenfranchised from accessing justice. While this may be the case, little to no research exists regarding the perceptions, experiences, and challenges faced by frontline police officers in policing LGBTQI+ hate crimes. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 30 police officers from five police stations in the Cape Metropole, South Africa, this research investigates the dynamics underlying the policing of LGBTQI+ hate crimes and the ways in which personal, institutional, and national cultural identities intersect. The research finds that police officers' perceptions of policing LGBTQI+ hate crimes are influenced by societal and institutional culture. Within these spaces, police officers are constantly negotiating parts of their identity to fit society and the SAPS' organisation cultural narratives. The research finds that discretion is central to how police officers conduct the policing of LGBTQI+ hate crimes. Discretion is observed in processes and how they define what constitutes criminality. The research further finds that the policing of LGBTQI+ hate crimes occur in spaces with limited resources. Resource constraints combined with burn-out and low morale negatively impact the SAPS service delivery standards. The research concludes with recommendations of a SOGIE-based hate crimes education for all, improving LGBTQI+-police relations through community liaisons and reducing police officers' stressors to improve employee wellbeing.

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1986.