Nowadays Optical fiber communication is one of the important way to convey information, and there is strong competition in optical long-haul transmission to achieve high channel bit rates and large transmission capacity. Therefore, it is important to study a technology to improve the performance of such system. As we have already known, the dispersion flattened fiber (DFF) and Return-to-zero differential phase shift keying (RZ-DPSK) modulation are attractive, because it can improve the transmission performance of the long-haul system, therefore, it is possible to improve the transmission performance by a combination of the RZ-DPSK and the DFF, and the performance improvement investigation is required, because it will contribute to improve the system design of the long-haul optical fiber communication systems in near future. In this master thesis, a theoretical study focused on the RZ-DPSK transmission system using DFF is conducted. One important technology of current long-haul optical fiber communication system is a dispersion map. In this master thesis, difference of the transmission performance is characterized with regard to number of dispersion blocks within the dispersion map, different repeater output power and different compensation scheme within dispersion map, etc., all of them calculated by a numerical simulator .The goal is to clarify the optimum dispersion map design of the long-haul DPSK based transmission and find the effective method to improve the transmission performance.

In fiber optic communication systems, the main linear phenomenon that causes optical pulse broadening is called dispersion, which limits the transmission data rate and distance. The principle nonlinear effect, called self-phase modulation, can also limit the system performance by causing spectral broadening. Hence, to achieve the optimal system performance, high data rate and low bandwidth occupancy, those effects must be overcome or compensated. In a nonlinear dispersive fiber, properties of a transmitting pulse: width, chirp, and spectra, are changed along the way and are complicated to predict. Although there is a well-known differential equation, called the Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation, which describes the complex envelope of the optical pulse subject to the nonlinear and dispersion effects, the equation cannot generally be solved in closed form. Although, the split-step Fourier method can be used to numerically determine pulse properties from this nonlinear equation, numerical results are time consuming to obtain and provide limited insight into functional relationships and how to design input pulses. One technique, called the Variational Method, is an approximate but accurate way to solve the nonlinear Schrodinger equation in closed form. This method is exploited throughout this thesis to study the pulse properties in a nonlinear dispersive fiber, and to explore ways to compensate dispersion for both single link and concatenated link systems. In a single link system, dispersion compensation can be achieved by appropriately pre-chirping the input pulse. In this thesis, the variational method is then used to calculate the optimal values of pre-chirping, in which: (i) the initial pulse and spectral width are restored at the output, (ii) output pulse width is minimized, (iii) the output pulse is transform limited, and (iv) the output time-bandwidth product is minimized. For a concatenated link system, the variational calculation is used to (i) show the symmetry of pulse width around the chirp-free point in the plot of pulse width versus distance, (ii) find the optimal dispersion constant of the dispersion compensation fiber in the nonlinear dispersive regime, and (iii) suggest the dispersion maps for two and four link systems in which initial conditions (or parameters) are restored at the output end. The accuracy of the variational approximation is confirmed by split-step Fourier simulation throughout this thesis. In addition, the comparisons show that the accuracy of the variational method improves as the nonlinear effects become small. / Master of Science

Long-haul optical fiber communication system is an important technology to support the latest broadband communication in the world, and there is strong competition in optical long-haul transmission to achieve high channel bit rates and large transmission capacity. Therefore, it is important to study a technology to improve the performance of such system. As we have already known, return-to-zero differential phase shift keying (RZ-DPSK) is an attractive solution to improve the long distance transmission system performance compared to the conventional on-off keying (OOK) in a 10-Gb/s system, because it has a high nonlinear tolerance. The dispersion flattened fiber (DFF) is attractive for its ability to improve the system performance. Therefore, it is possible to improve the transmission performance by a combination of the RZ-DPSK and the DFF, and one important technology of the current long-haul optical fiber communication system is the dispersion map. And it is widely deployed for already installed undersea optical fiber communication system in the world. A previous study reported that the blockless type dispersion map showed a superior performance than the block type dispersion map, and some efforts to improve the transmission performance of the block type map were conducted. Fundamental idea to improve the transmission performance of the block type map is to reduce the zero crossing points, and one idea is to shift the map toward the positive or the negative cumulative dispersion to reduce the zero crossing points within the map, but it was not so successful. The other idea is to tilt the dispersion map and it was more successful but not good enough. In this master thesis, I continued the study to improve the long-haul RZ-DPSK system performance using the block type dispersion map. One new idea of the dispersion map shifting, the split shifting, was tried, and another new idea of the dispersion map tilting, the split tilting, was examined. The performance with different repeater output power and different compensation scheme within the dispersion map was simulated by a numerical simulator .The goal is, following previous research, to clarify improved dispersion map design of the long-haul RZ-DPSK based transmission and find the effective method to improve the transmission performance. In addition, I also investigate tolerance of the effective area of the transmission fiber theoretically for the long-haul RZ-DPSK system based on the DFF.

Nowadays, the long-haul optical fiber communication system is one of the important way to convey the information, and there is strong competition of research in the optical long-haul transmission to achieve high channel bit rates and large transmission capacity. Therefore, it is important to study a technology to improve the performance of such system. The return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying (RZ-DPSK) and the return-to-zero differential quadrature phase-shift keying (RZ-DQPSK) have received renewed attention recently for the long-haul transmission systems, because they can improve the transmission performance of the long-haul system. Furthermore, the design of the dispersion map becomes significantly different from that of the conventional system using the intensity modulation direct detection (IM-DD) scheme. Besides, the RZ-DQPSK can transmit two bits per symbol, so it has twice the spectral efficiency of the RZ-DPSK. This study is focusing on the difference of the transmission performance of the long-haul RZ-DQPSK system due to the dispersion map using the numerical simulation.

Orientador: Hugo Luis Fragnito / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T18:29:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CastanedaTutestar_JuanAndres_M.pdf: 6184459 bytes, checksum: 92c32f647e9f3cbb607992b021c7924d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Estudamos a interação entre laser e ruído em fibras ópticas, sua dependência com dispersão cromática e sua aplicação para caracterizar flutuações dos parâmetros de dispersao ao longo da fibra. A interacao é governada pela polarização não-linear de terceira ordem e, nesta tese, consideramos especificamente o processo de mistura de quatro ondas ou FMW (de Four-Wave Mixing) descrito por termos de ordem cúbica na amplitude do campo elétrico aplicado. Em particular, nós estamos interessados em termos que são lineares na amplitude do laser e quadraticos na do ruído. Devido a este processo, são geradas novas ondas que apresentam picos bem definidos no espectro e muito sensíveis aos parâmetros de dispersão de alta ordem (até quarta ordem e demonstrada nesta tese). Medidas com pulsos de curta duração (~ 100 ps para o laser e ~ 40 ps para o ruído em nossos experimentos) nos permitem caracterizar como os parâmetros de dispersão variam ao longo da fibra com boa resolução espacial (< 1 km). Apresentamos também uma resolução numérica das equações exatas para determinar como os parâmetros de dispersão, em fibras de perfil de índice degrau, dependem do raio do núcleo da fibra. Encontramos que variações de 0.1 µm (± 1%) do raio do núcleo da fibra produzem mudancas no comprimento de onda de dispersão nula (?0) e no pico de FWM (?FWM) que são consistentes com os resultados experimentais. Também verificamos a existencia de um valor do raio do núcleo da fibra o qual oferece propriedades de dispersao robustas para processos paramétricos. Este trabalho visa contribuir para a compreensão dos processos nao-lineares e campos estocásticos e, do ponto de vista prático, para o desenvolvimento de um método eficiente para medir variações na dispersão de alta ordem ao longo da fibra / Abstract: We study the interaction between laser and noise in optical fibers, its dependence on chromatic dispersion and its application to characterize the parameters of dispersion fluctuations along the fiber. The interaction is governed by the nonlinear polarization of the third-order and, in this thesis, we consider specifically the process of four-wave mixing (FWM) described by cubical terms in the amplitude of the applied electric field. In particular, we concern linear terms in the amplitude of the laser and quadratic in the noise. Due to this process, new waves are generated that have well-defined peaks in the spectrum and very sensitive to the parameters of highorder dispersion (up to fourth order is demonstrated in this thesis). Measurements with pulses of short duration (~ 100 ps for the laser and ~ 40 ps for the noise in our experiments) allow us to characterize how the dispersion parameters vary along the fiber with good spatial resolution (< 1 km). We also present an exact numerical solution of the equations to determine how the parameters of dispersion, in a stepindex fiber, depending on the radius of the fiber core. We found that variations of 0.1µ m (± 1%) of the fiber core radius produce changes in the wavelength of zero dispersion (?0) and at the peak of FWM (?FWM) that are consistent with experimental results. We also verified the existence of a value of the radius of the fiber core which provides robust dispersion properties for parametric processes. This work aims to contribute to the understanding of nonlinear processes and stochastic fields, and the practical point of view, to develop an efficient method for measuring variations in the high-order dispersion along the fiber / Mestrado / Mestre em Física