This report is about an innovative project on the sustainable design of disposable products triggered by critical thinking related to the environmental protection and use of paper-based disposable products.   The project is set against the backdrop of the UN End-plastic-pollution initiative, in the 21st century when plastic waste is proliferating and microplastics spread across the planet's ecosystems are already causing a serious environmental crisis. With a focus on disposable products, the project investigates and analyses the sustainability and experience of using paper-based disposable products as an alternative to plastic.   The authors argue that neither disposable products nor plastics are responsible for the current environmental crisis, but rather that the main problem lies in the leakage of disposable products through their life cycle, which is mainly related to consumer behaviour and life cycle management.   The study proposes a systemic innovation that combines enhanced lifecycle management through emerging technologies and a subscription service model for disposable products with user-centred principles. The innovation includes lifecycle maps, user journey maps and user interfaces as visual outcomes.   Finally, an assessment of the potential risks of the systemic innovative solution and a summary and reflection of the overall project are presented.

It is stated that Sweden is the leading country for the European Union when it comes to recycling and sorting. However, tonnes of waste are still being deposited to be incinerated instead of being reused or recycled. There are two reasons that are mentioned in this thesis. The first one is because of the large percentage of the municipal waste is sorted as non-recyclable thus, the solution to get rid of the waste existence is through incineration. Secondly, demolition of buildings is a large source to the amount of waste that is incinerated. Architects have even criticised the act of demolishing buildings when they have a huge potential to be used and solve increasing demands of residential buildings in Sweden. Even construction companies have tried to focus on solutions in which they recycle remains from demolished constructions into new materials for future projects. Still, there are still a demand of mining resources instead of using resources that are already used, which on its own has an impact on our already fragile environment. If we observe how architects, designers, construction engineers outside of Sweden tackles these problems. The conclusion is that they use more out of the box solutions by using waste that is not only caused by the construction industry alone, but also caused by the individuals who live in the country. While Sweden mainly focuses on preventing mining of resources used for construction work by recycled remains from other constructions. The rest of the world does not only implement this type of waste, but also all sorts of waste. Still, at the end, Sweden is stated to be one of the greatest countries when it comes to sorting waste. The law of banning non-certified disposable products made of plastic was finalised in the beginning of this year. It was recommended to not purchase or use products of this type if they were manufactured before the law came into action. Though what will happen with these products if they cannot be used, and people want to get rid of them? This thesis will answer these questions by combining the world of recycling with the world of architecture. This thesis is an experimental research based on the three methods of recycling waste into building material. The experimental research will visualise how disposable waste made of plastics can be implemented by using these methods, while also following the requirements of a sustainable construction material and product made in Sweden.

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