Disruptive Technologies can assist an organisation to maintain a competitive advantage in the marketplace. Different terminology is used in the literature to describe disruptive technologies associated with uncertainty and risk. The term “disruptive technologies” is described and explained in comparison to sustaining technology. The aim of the research is to determine the impact of disruptive technologies on the ICT environment of an organisation. The impact of disruptive technology is discussed in terms of the business value of information technologies, the value network of the organisation, the current security framework of the information technology architecture, business processes and standards, approaches to business strategy, involvement of executive management and influence on customers and clients of the organisation. Three organisations within the South African environment agreed to be the subjects of the case studies. These were described and recommendations were made at the completion of the research. / Dissertation (MIT)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Informatics / unrestricted

This thesis determines a process to adopt and implement the disruptive practice and technology of Building Information Modeling (BIM) within the architectural-engineering-construction (AEC) community. Specific areas to address include: 1. Define process, adoption and integration as related to BIM implementation 2. Describe why BIM is a disruptive technology today 3. Identify reactive and proactive BIM outcomes 4. Evaluate and select process options for a specific BIM project 5. Describe the roles and responsibilities of participants, or stakeholders, in the BIM process 6. Identify consistent factors that influence BIM return on investment (ROI) at the project and company levels 7. Communicate the BIM process to management, colleagues and project stakeholders 8. Outline a process for BIM adoption and implementation at the project and company levels. The research methodology includes literature reviews and case studies. This research extends key teachings of the University of Texas at Austin Executive Engineering Management curriculum and gives the reader insight into the adoption and implementation of disruptive technologies. / text

This paper aims to identify the perceptions of the main stakeholders of IBM about the external communication strategies that have been applied on the potential use of disruptive technologies. A qualitative methodology with a case study approach was applied. Through the homogeneous sampling technique, six semi-structured interviews with stakeholders of IBM and one focus group with 11 university students were conducted. As a result, there is interest in Peruvians to know what disruptive technologies are; however, its dissemination has a commercial focus that is not generating development or relevant solutions in the local market. It is necessary that specialists and the media disseminate information that does motivate their use in a real and effective way.

With the rise of peer-to-peer software like Napster, many predicted that the digitalisation, sharing and dematerialisation of music would bring a radical transformation within the recording industry. This opened up a period of controversy and uncertainty in which competing visions were articulated of technology-induced change, markedly polarised between utopian and dystopian accounts with no clear view of ways forwards. A series of moves followed as various players sought to valorise music on the digital music networks, culminating in an emergence of successful streaming services. This thesis examines why there was a mismatch between initial predictions and what has actually happened in the market. It offers a detailed examination of the innovation processes through which digital technology was implemented and domesticated in the recording industry. This reveals a complex, contradictory and constantly evolving landscape in which the development of digital music distribution was far removed from the smooth development trajectories envisaged by those who saw these developments as following a simple trajectory shaped by technical or economic determinants. The research is based upon qualitative data analysis of fifty five interviews with a wide range of entrepreneurs and innovators, focusing on two successful innovation cases with different points of insertion within the digital recording industry; (1) Spotify: currently the world’s most popular digital music streaming service; and (2) INgrooves: an independent digital music distribution service provider whose system is also used by Universal Music Group. The thesis applies perspectives from the Social Shaping of Technology (“SST”) and its extension into Social Learning in Technological Innovation. It explores the widely dispersed processes of innovation through which the complex set of interactions amongst heterogeneous players who have conflicting interests and differing commitments involved in the digital music networks guided diverging choices in relation to particular market conditions and user requirements. The thesis makes three major contributions to understanding digital disruption in the recording industry. (1) In contrast to prevailing approaches which take P2P distribution as the single point of focus, the study investigates the multiplicity of actors and sites of innovation in the digital recording industry. It demonstrates that the dematerialisation of music did not lead to a simple, e.g. technologically-driven transformation of the industry. Instead a diverse array of realignments had to take place across the music sector to develop digital music valorisation networks. (2) By examining the detailed processes involved in the evolution of digital music services, it highlights the ways in which business models are shaped through a learning process of matching and finding constantly changing digital music users’ needs. Based on the observation that business models must be discovered in the course of making technologies work in the market, a new framework of ‘social shaping of business models’ is proposed in order to conceptualise business models as an emergent process in which firms refine their strategies in the light of emerging circumstances. (3) Drawing upon the concepts of musical networks (Leyshon 2001) and mediation (Hennion 1989), the thesis investigates the interaction of the diverse actors across the circuit of the recording business – production, distribution, valorisation, and consumption. The comprehensive analysis of the intricate interplay between innovation actors and their interactions in the economic, cultural, legal and institutional context highlights the need to develop a more sophisticated and nuanced understanding of the recording industry.

No description available.

Yes / Augmented reality (AR) within the context of higher education is an approach to engage students with experiential learning by utilising AR technology. This paper discusses the process undertaken by a teacher in higher education in designing and implementing cloud-based AR lesson for the students. The methodology engaged was case study at one institution of higher learning in Malaysia. The AR teaching process involves six stages, beginning with the selection of the course, followed by selection of the topic, designing of the AR teaching plan and the implementation of the AR lesson. Upon completion of the implementation of the AR lesson, the teacher and students would provide reflection of their experiences. The process concludes by the improvement of the AR teaching plan by the teacher. The study found that cloud based has indeed disrupted higher education in terms of providing richer learning experiences to the students, as well as enhanced teaching practices for the teachers. Hopefully, this paper would provide insights into the practices of AR teaching and learning approach for teachers in general, and within the context of higher education in particular. It is also intended that the six-steps process outlined in this paper becomes a reference and be duplicated by teachers at large who might be interested to design and implement AR lessons for their own courses.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly used in society to make decisions that can have direct implications on human lives; credit risk assessments, employment decisions and criminal suspects predictions. As public attention has been drawn towards examples of discriminating and biased AI systems, concerns have been raised about the fairness of these systems. Face recognition systems, in particular, are often trained on non-diverse data sets where certain groups often are underrepresented in the data. The focus of this thesis is to provide insights regarding different aspects that are important to consider in order to mitigate algorithmic bias as well as to investigate the practical implications of bias in AI systems. To fulfil this objective, qualitative interviews with academics and practitioners with different roles in the field of AI and a quantitative online survey is conducted. A practical scenario covering face recognition and gender bias is also applied in order to understand how people reason about this issue in a practical context. The main conclusion of the study is that despite high levels of awareness and understanding about challenges and technical solutions, the academics and practitioners showed little or no awareness of legal aspects regarding bias in AI systems. The implication of this finding is that AI can be seen as a disruptive technology, where organizations tend to develop their own mitigation tools and frameworks as well as use their own moral judgement and understanding of the area instead of turning to legal authorities.

Despite the explosion of popularity of UASs, and the recognition that such systems must find a way to safely operate alongside manned aviation, a literature review by this author as well as interviews with three commercial aerial photography companies in Tampa Bay, Florida, indicate that regulatory restrictions are still the greatest obstacle to law abiding commercial UAS operators. It can take six to eight months with a backlog of 12,000 waiver applications to get either a Part 333 or Part 107 exemption, which grants FAA permission for a commercial operator to fly a UAS inside controlled airspace (Gardner, 2018). A manned pilot can file a flight plan and hover a helicopter over the same area in just a few hours. The purpose of this research was to determine what industry experts perceive the future of UAS regulations hold, and how the industry will be impacted in both the short term of 5 years and less, and long-term of 5 years or more. UAS industry expert interviews were conducted in the “reflection of the meaning”, semi-structured style, with each interviewee given the latitude to discuss topics as they came to mind. A preset approved bank of questions helped to guide the interview, but in many cases as experts in the field, the interviewees naturally discussed the topics covered in the preset questions and the interview adapted to avoid unnecessary repetition. One interview was conducted in-person, but the rest were via phone calls due to geographical separation.

<p>Several industries have been affected by digitalization over the last decade. Currently the world of printed media is experiencing numerous turbulent changes. Printed newspapers are increasing their presence online and starting to compete in digital channels. This makes for an interesting area of research. With this study we hope to create a greater understanding for how the newspaper industry is affected by digital technology. The theoretical framework of this study is based upon Christensen’s (2005) concept of disruptive technology as well as Yoo & Lyytinen et al. (2010) theories on digitalization and digital innovation. We conducted a case study at the local newspaper Alpha News. Five semi- structured interviews were performed with different employees with various distinct roles; all of them important to obtain an insight into the changes occurring at Alpha News. In our study we are able to identify several aspects of changes due to digitalization within Alpha News. The printed newspaper, for instance, faces a steady decline in subscription rates due to the readers increased reliance on digital alternatives for local news. Other shown effects of the digitalized business where also revealed. The pace of change, the use of technological aids, as well as the reader-relationship, all act as examples of these shown effects.</p>

L’industrie des réplicateurs des disques optiques est menacée dans son existence et se trouve en face d’un déclin permanent. Son produit cœur, CD et DVD, est remplacé par des services virtuels. L’Internet facilite la dématérialisation de ces produits physiques : Une technologie, qui a créée des formes de consommation différente. Cette recherche par étude de cas présente le cas des firmes européennes de cette industrie et de leurs innovations dans l’effort de fuir la menace de l’obsolescence. Le but de cette dissertation est de trouver une réponse aux questions centrales, « comment » et « pourquoi » les réplicateurs des disques optiques innovent pendant le déclin et si leurs innovations sont efficaces pour faciliter la survie. Les découvertes de cette recherche qualitative sont catégorisées dans plusieurs façons : Elles sont étudiées sous les concepts de la logique conventionnelle vs la logique d’innovation de valeurs, le transilience map et un corps d’autres théories (Kim et al. 2005, Abernathy et al. 1984). Le système des géométries de la stratégie sert comme grille d’analyse des résultats (Keidel. 2010). Le résultat principal résultante est, que si cette industrie ne peut pas survivre dans sa structure présente, la majorité de ses innovations subit un effet de lock-in multiple : Technologie, liaisons au marché et motivation/qualification des managers manquante, qui empêche de renverser la donne majoritairement à n’être qu’incrémental. L’innovation nécessaire en phase du déclin et ici étouffée. / The replication industry of optical discs is threatened in its existence and confronted with permanent decline. Its core product, CD and DVD, is replaced by virtual services. The Internet facilitates the dematerialisation of the physical product: A new technology has shaped a different form of consumption.This research by case study presents the case of European firms of this industry and their innovations in the effort to escape the threat of obsolescence. The objective of this research is to find an answer to the central questions, “how” and “why” the replicators of optical discs innovate during decline and whether their innovations are effective to enable the firms’ survival.The discoveries of this qualitative study are categorised in various ways: They are studied by the concepts of conventional logic vs logic of value innovation, the transilience map and further relevant theories (Kim et al. 2005, Abernathy et al. 1984). The system of geometries of strategy is used as analytical structure (Keidel. 2010). The main result is that this industry cannot survive in its present structure, since the majority of its innovations is subject to the effect of a multiple lock-in: Technology, market linkages and the lack of managerial motivation/qualification are the main reason that this industry’s innovation is by its majority incremental. The necessary innovation during decline is eliminated here.