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Strategic planning of agricultural land information systems in South AfricaMakhwaje, Ernest N. 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD(Agric) (Agricultural Economics))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / The planning processes involved in the design and development of strategic land
information systems in a semantic context require a logical approach. An array of
efficacy problems associated with the relevance of the information required and the data
to be provided must be dealt with in terms of this logical approach so that wise decisions
can be made about future land resource use options.
This study applies the aforementioned statement to strategic decision-making regarding
information management in the provision of accurate and relevant information about the
characteristics of the land resource for use by both the public and private sectors in South
Africa.
With ever evolving human needs that increase pressure on the limited land resource, the
need for accurate and relevant information for strategic purposes is increasing. However,
even at the present time, land information systems design and development is
characterised by a technical design orientation and a narrow cost-efficiency focus, with a
lack of strategic envisioning. Strategic decisions require effective choices regarding what
data should be collected and how this should be stored and processed to support landresource-
use decisions in the future. Information systems can, however, not cater for too
many variables due to cost implications. Hence, strategic choices in generating only the
required information and data for storage and processing become necessary.
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The effect of HIV/AIDS on household food security : a case study of Bokaa, a rural area in BotswanaSebolaaphuti, Kutlwano 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MAgricAdmin (Agricultural Economics)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / HIV/AIDS has become a major concern globally as it affects different facets of a country’s economy as well as household economics. This study aimed to determine the impact of the disease on household food security. This was done by investigating the impact of the disease on household livelihoods, agricultural production for subsistence purposes and household consumption patterns.
The study followed a case study approach, and Bokaa village in Kgatleng district, Botswana was selected as the study area. Data collection was done with the aid of a semi-structured questionnaire in multiple households as well as by gathering information from secondary sources. The study focused on the concept of food security as a theoretical base for the analysis, which was mainly a cross-case analysis. The analysis of individual cases is not presented in this thesis; nonetheless, individual cases are presented as illustrations and as backup for the synthesis. Furthermore, the analysis of food security only focused on calorie availability and not on nutritional quality.
The study revealed that the impact of HIV/AIDS varied according to the status in which the household was before the onset of the disease or the subsequent death. Coping strategies also varied, depending on household status and the level of contribution the sick family member made to the household’s food budget. Inter-household effects and gender differentials have been observed during the time of caring for the sick family member. Inter-household effects have also been observed during times of food shortages. A high dependence on government safety nets has also been observed among these households, which contributed to some extent to lack of livelihood diversification.
The results of this study reveal the need for empowering households through training for income-generating skills and practise of small-scale home gardening in a more sustainable way. The need for nutrition education was also revealed, in order that traditional and nutritious options can be included in the household food consumption patterns and not only be regarded as an option when preferred foods such as meat are not available.
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Application of spatial resource data to assist in farmland valuationNaude, Stephanus David 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScAgric) -- Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa more than 80 percent of the total land area is used for agriculture and
subsistence livelihoods. A land transaction is generally not a recurring action for
most buyers and sellers, their experience and knowledge are limited, for this reason
the services of property agents and valuers are sometimes used, just to get more
information available. The condition of insufficient information and the inability to
observe differences in land productivity gives rise to the undervaluation of good land
and overvaluation of poor land. The value of a property plays an important role in the
acquisition of a bond, in this context farm valuations are essential and therefore
commercial banks make more use of specialist businesses that have professional
valuers available.
The advent of the Internet made access to comprehensive information sources
easier for property agents and valuers whose critical time and resources can now be
effectively managed through Geographic Information System (GIS) integrated
workflow processes. This study aims to develop the blueprint for a farm valuation
support system (FVSS) that assists valuers in their application of the comparable
sales method by enabling them to do the following: (1) Rapid identification of the location of the subject property and transaction properties on an electronic map. (2)
Comparison of the subject property with the transaction properties in terms of value
contributing attributes that can be expressed in a spatial format, mainly a) location
and b) land resource quality factors not considered in existing valuation systems that
primarily focus on residential property.
Interpretation of soil characteristics to determine the suitability of a soil for annual or
perennial crops requires specialized knowledge of soil scientists, knowledge not
normally found among property valuers or estate agents. For this reason an
algorithm, that generates an index value, was developed to allow easy comparison
of the land of a subject property and that of transaction properties. Whether this
index value reflects the soil suitability of different areas sufficiently accurate was
confirmed by soil suitability data of the Breede and Berg River areas, which were
obtained by soil scientists by means of a reconnaissance soil survey. This index
value distinguishes the proposed FVSS from other existing property valuation
systems and can therefore be used by valuers as a first approximation of a
property’s soil suitability, before doing further field work.
A nationwide survey was done among valuers and estate agents that provided
information for the design of the proposed FVSS and proved that the need for such a
system does exist and that it will be used by valuers. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Meer as 80 persent van die totale grondoppervlakte in Suid-Afrika word gebruik vir
landbou en bestaansboerdery. 'n Grondtransaksie is oor die algemeen nie 'n
herhalende aksie vir die meeste kopers en verkopers nie, hul ervaring en kennis is
beperk, om hierdie rede word die dienste van eiendomsagente en waardeerders
soms gebruik om meer inligting beskikbaar te kry. Die toestand van onvoldoende
inligting en die onvermoë om verskille in grondproduktiwiteit te identifiseer gee
aanleiding tot die onderwaardering van goeie grond en oorwaardering van swak
grond. Die waarde van 'n eiendom speel 'n belangrike rol in die verkryging van 'n
verband. In hierdie konteks is plaaswaardasies noodsaaklik en daarom maak
kommersiële banke meer gebruik van gespesialiseerde maatskappye wat oor
professionele waardeerders beskik.
Die koms van die Internet het toegang tot omvattende inligtingsbronne makliker
gemaak vir eiendomsagente en waardeerders wie se kritiese tyd en hulpbronne nou
effektief bestuur kan word deur middel van Geografiese Inligtingstelsel (GIS)
geïntegreerde werksprosesse. Hierdie studie poog om die bloudruk vir 'n
plaaswaardasie ondersteuningstelsel te ontwikkel wat waardeerders sal help in hul
toepassing van die vergelykbare verkope metode deur hul in staat te stel om die
volgende te doen: (1) Vinnige identifisering van die ligging van die betrokke
onderwerp eiendom en transaksie eiendomme op 'n elektroniese kaart. (2)
Vergelyking van die onderwerp eiendom met transaksie eiendomme in terme van
waardedraende eienskappe wat in 'n ruimtelike formaat uitgedruk word, hoofsaaklik
a) ligging en b) bodem gehaltefaktore wat nie oorweeg word in bestaande
residensieel georiënteerde waardasiestelsels nie.
Interpretasie van grondeienskappe om die geskiktheid van grond vir eenjarige of
meerjarige gewasse te bepaal vereis gespesialiseerde kennis van grondkundiges,
kennis wat nie normaalweg gevind word onder eiendomswaardeerders of
eiendomsagente nie. Om hierdie rede is 'n algoritme ontwikkel sodat die grond van
‘n onderwerp eiendom d.m.v. ‘n indekswaarde met transaksie eiendomme vergelyk
kan word. Die indekswaarde is akkuraat genoeg bevestig toe dit vergelyk is met grond geskiktheidsdata wat deur grondkundiges in die Breede- en Bergrivier gebiede
ingesamel is. Hierdie indekswaarde onderskei die voorgestelde plaaswaardasie
ondersteuningstelsel van ander bestaande eiendom waardasiestelsels en kan dus
deur waardeerders gebruik word as 'n eerste bepaling van 'n eiendom se grond
geskiktheid, voordat verdere veldwerk gedoen word.
'n Landwye opname is gedoen onder waardeerders en eiendomsagente wat inligting
voorsien het vir die ontwerp van die voorgestelde plaaswaardasie
ondersteuningstelsel, asook bewys gelewer het dat daar ‘n behoefte aan so 'n stelsel
bestaan en dat dit deur waardeerders gebruik sal word.
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Measuring the relative competitiveness of global deciduous fruit supply chains : South Africa versus ChileMashabela, Tebogo Edwin 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African deciduous fruit industry is influenced by a number of factors including
increased globalisation of markets, trade liberalisation, advances in information technology
and consumer preferences. These factors have a continuous effect on the competitiveness
of the industry and force deciduous fruit producers and processors to position themselves
as capable competitors in the global free-market environment. This study measures the
competitiveness of the South African deciduous fruit supply chains relative to those of
Chile in an attempt to address the following research question: What is the relative global
competitive advantage of the South African deciduous fruit supply chains relative to those
of Chile?
To adequately address this research question, data from the Food and Agricultural
Organisation of the United Nations (FAO, 2005) is used to examine the competitiveness of
the supply chains. Three internationally recognised indexes are also used to calculate the
comparative and competitive advantages of the deciduous fruit supply chains, namely, the
Net Export index (NXi), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA#) index and the Relative
Revealed Comparative Trade Advantage (RTA) index.
The results clearly show that South Africa’s deciduous fruit supply chains have a
marginally relative competitive advantage, with most of the deciduous fruit products having
RCA# and RTA index values situated around 0 to 10. The analysis shows that the South
African deciduous fruit industry is struggling, with a marginal global comparative and
competitive advantage in terms of its value added products. Chile, on the other hand, has
a relatively better revealed comparative advantage as well as a higher relative global
competitive advantage in most of the deciduous fruit supply chains. South Africa has a
relatively better global comparative advantage and competitive advantage over Chile only
in apple juice and dried apricots. Despite South Africa’s marginal competitiveness, most of the deciduous fruit supply chains are experiencing an upward competitiveness, which is
not the case for Chile.
The results also reveal that the competitiveness of most of the deciduous fruit supply
chains in South Africa, except for the apple and apricot chains, decreases from primary to
processed products which implies that value-adding opportunities are still limited or
untapped. On the basis of these findings, this study makes an attempt to identify and
discuss some of the factors that affect the competitiveness of the industry by using a
framework of competitive advantage analysis proposed by Porter (1990, 1998). The most
important factors that impact on the competitiveness of the South African deciduous fruit
industry are availability of skilled labour; cost and quality of unskilled labour; availability
and quality of capital; cost of technology; local market growth; threat of substitutes; land
reform policy; labour legislation; current exchange rate (current strength of the rand); BEE
policy; lack of timely and accurate information and the inaccuracy of some of the data of
the Perishable Products Export Council Board (PPECB); continued agricultural subsidies
received by growers in countries competing with South Africa in global markets; and the
high incidence of HIV/AIDS and crime. In order for the industry to enhance its
competitiveness, a number of strategies to be adopted by all participants in the supply
chain are suggested at the end of this study. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid Afrikaanse sagtevrugte bedryf word beïnvloed deur verskeie faktore insluitende
groter wordende internasionale market, handels liberalisering, vooruitgang in inligtings
tegnologie en verbruikers voorkeure. Hierdie faktore het ‘n voordurende effek op die
mededingendheid van die bedryf en dwing die sagtevrugte produsente en produseerders
om hulself te posisioneer as bekwame mededingers in die internasionale mark omgewing.
Hierdie study meet die mededingendheid van die Suid Afrikaanse sagtevrugte
voorsieningsketting relatief tot die van Chili in ‘n poging om die volgende navorsingsvraag
te beantwoord: Wat is die relatiewe internasionale mededingende voordeel van die Suid
Afrikaanse sagtevrugte voorsieningsketting relatief tot die van Chili.
Om die navorsingsvraag na behore te beantwoord word inligting van die Voedsel en
Landou Organisasie (Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO) van die Verenigde Nasies
van 2005 gebruik om die mededingendheid van die voorsieningskettings te verduidelik.
Drie internasionaal erkende indekse word gebruik om die vergelykende en mededingende
voordele van die sagtevrugte bedryf voorsieningskettings te vergelyk naamlik die Netto
Uitvoer indeks (NU), Openbare Vergelykende Voordeel (OVV) indeks en die Relatiewe
Openbare Vergelykende Handels Voordeel (ROVHV) indeks.
Die resultate wys duidelik dat Soud Afrika se sagtevrugte voorsieningsketting ‘n relatief
marginale kompeteerdende voordeel het, met meestse van die sagtevrugte produkte met
OVV en ROVHV indeks waardes van tussen 0 en 10 het. Die ontleedings toon aan dat die
Suid Afrikaanse sagtevrugte bedryf dit moeilik vind met om internasionall mededingend te
wees met slegs ‘n maginale internasionale vergelykende en mededingende voordeel in
terme van waarde toegevoegde produkte. Anders as Suid Afrika het Chili ‘n relatief beter
openbare vergelykende voordeel as ook ‘n beter relatiewe internasionale vergelykende
voordeel in meeste van die sagtevrugte voordieningskettings as Suid Afrika. Suid Afrika
het slegs relatiewe beter internasionale en mededingende voordele in appelsap en
gedroogde appelkose as Chili. Ongeag Suid Afrika se marginale mededingendheid
ondervind meeste van die voordieningskettings opwaartse mededinging wat die die geval
is met Chili nie. Die resultate het ook gewys dat die mededingendheid van meeste van die sagtevrugte
voorsieningskettings in Suid Afrika afneem van primere na vervaardigde produkte,
behalwe vir die appel en appelkoos waardekettings, wat impliseer dat waardetoevoeging
moontlikhede steeds baie beperk is of nog nooit ontgin is nie. Op basis van die
bevindinge is ‘n poging aangewend om sommige van die faktore wat die mededingendheid
van die bedryf affekteer te identifiseer en te bespreek deur gebruik te maak van die
raamwerk van mededingende voordeel ontleedings soos voorgestel deur Porter (1990,
1998). Die mees belangrike faktore wat ‘n inpak het op die mededingendheid van die van
die bedryf is die beskikbaarheid van opgeleide arbeid; die koste en kwaliteit van
onopgeleide aerbeid; beskikbaarheid en kwaliteit van kapitaal; koste van tegnologie; groei
in plaaslike mark; gevaar van substitute; grondhervormings beleid; arbeids wetsgewing;
huidige wisselkoers (huidige sterkte van die Rand); swart bemagtigings beleid; tekort aan
tydige en akkurate inligting en die onakkuraatheid van sommige data van die Bederfbare
Produkte Uitvoer Raad; landbou subsidies aan produsente in lande waarmee Suid Afrika
internasionaal meeding en die hoë voorvalle van HIV/AIDS en misdaad. Om
mededingendheid binne die berdyf te verbeter word verskeie strategie voorgestel wat
rolspelers in die bedryf kan implementer.
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'n Ekonomiese evaluering van volstruisboerdery in die Oudtshoorn-omgewingVan Zyl, Pieter Luttig 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACR: Approximately 10 years ago South Africa, and specifically the Oudtshoorn region was the only place in the world that supplied ostrich products for the international market. Today, South Africa is only one of several countries with commercial ostrich farming. The largest concentration of ostrich farmers in the world is, however, still in the Oudtshoorn region. Increasing competition, limited possibilities to diversify and the so-called price cost squeeze put the emphasis on aspects such as higher productivity and lower production costs. The profitability of ostrich farming, especially in the Oudtshoorn region, should urgently be determined and evaluated as farmers rely heavily on this venture as an only source of income. Decreases in slaughter realisations and slaughtering numbers have necessarily negative financial implications for the farmers, as well as for the community as a whole. Diversification is often considered strategic to avoiding or minimising risk. However, the possibilities to diversify especially to existing alternatives, have proven limited. One sure solution is to increase productivity of ostrich farming. Production parameters like the number of day-old chicks per female, chick mortality and slaughtering realisations were found to vary considerable providing scope for improvement. It is evident that several factors that determine the generated income lie outside the sphere of influence of the individual ostrich farmer. The large variation in production performances renders the industry risky, especially for farmers with liquidity problems. Two questionnaires as well as group discussion techniques were used to evaluate the economics of ostrich farming. Income and costing budget models were constructed on Microsoft Excel to be able to do calculations to the level of gross margin. A complete representative ostrich-farming unit was constructed to do calculations to the level of net farm income. The budget models were applied to (1) representative ostrich production practices for each of the three phases in the production process of ostrich farming, and (2) the representative ostrich-farming unit. The effect of different critical factors on the gross margin and net farm income of ostrich farming were thereafter evaluated. Different scenarios were also evaluated. The results of these analyses are representative of ostrich farming in the Oudtshoorn region. A computer model was developed whereby ostrich farming can be evaluated economically. This model can also be applied to assist individual farmers with their planning.As no research results exist on the economics of ostrich farming at micro level, several questions regarding the economics of ostrich farming prompted this study. These questions were answered using the above-mentioned computer models. The survival of the ostrich industry in the Oudtshoom region with its limited resources depends on a secure lead in technology which will enable farmers to produce products of higher quality, but also at lower costs than the rest of the world. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sowat 10 jaar gelede was Suid-Afrika, en spesifiek die Oudtshoom-omgewing, die enigste gebied
in die wereld wat volstruisprodukte aan die wereldmark verskaf het. Vandag is Suid-Afrika egter
een van vele lande waar kommersiele volstruisboerdery voorkom. Die grootste konsentrasie van
volstruisboere in die wereld word egter steeds in die Oudtshoom-omgewing aangetref. Toenemende
mededinging, beperkte moontlikhede om te diversifiseer en die sogenaamde pryskoste-knyptang
impliseer dat aspekte soos hoer produktiwiteit en laer produksiekoste aandag moet geniet.
'n Behoefte bestaan om die winsgewendheid van die volstruisvertakking, spesifiek in die Oudtshoomomgewing,
nie net te bepaal nie, maar ook te evalueer. Voistruisboere in die Oudtshoom-omgewing
steun swaar op die volstruisvertakking vir die generering van inkomste. 'n Verlaging in slagrealisasies
en 'n inkorting van slaggetalle het dus noodwendig negatiewe finansiele implikasies tot gevolg, nie
net vir die volstruisboere nie, maar ook vir die hele gemeenskap. 'n Strategie om risiko te vermy, mag
wees om te diversifiseer, maar die moontlikhede om te diversifiseer, veral na die bestaande
vertakkings wat reeds verbou word, blyk egter beperk te wees. 'n Oplossing kan wees om die
produktiwiteit van volstruisboerdery te verhoog, met ander woorde om bestaande dinge beter te doen.
Groot variasies kom onder andere voor in die getal dagoudkuikens per wyfie, vrektesyfer onder
kuikens en ook slagresultate. Groot ruimte vir verbetering bestaan dus. Dit blyk dan ook dat daar
heelwat faktore is wat buite die invloedsfeer van die indiwiduele volstruisboer val wat bepalend is vir
die inkomste wat 'n slagvolstruis realiseer. Die groot variasies, soos genoem, impliseer verder dat die
risiko van volstruisboerdery hoog kan wees, veral vir volstruisboere met likiditeitsprobleme.
Twee vraelysopnames en die groepbesprekingstegniek is gebruik om volstruisboerdery ekonomies
te kon evalueer. Inkomste- en kostebegrotingsmodelle is op Microsoft Excel gekonstrueer ten einde
berekeninge tot op die vlak van bruto marge te kon doen. 'n Volledige verteenwoordigende
volstruisboerdery-eenheid is vervolgens gekonstrueer om berekeninge ook tot op die vlak van netto
boerdery-inkomste te kon doen. Die begrotingsmodelle is toegepas op (0 verteenwoordigende
volstruisproduksiepraktyke vir elk van die drie fases in die produksieproses van volstruisboerdery
en (2) die verteenwoordigende volstruisboerdery-eenheid. Die effek van verskillende kritieke
faktore op die bruto marge en netto boerdery-inkomste van volstruisboerdery is vervolgens
geevalueer. Verskillende scenarios is ook aan die hand van die verteenwoordigende boerderyeenheid
beoordeel. Die resultate van hierdie ontledings is verteenwoordigend van volstruisboerdery
in die Oudtshoom-omgewing. 'n Rekenaarmodel is in die proses ontwikkel om volstruisboerdery ekonomies te kan evalueer. Hierdie model kan ook aangewend word om indiwiduele volstruisboere
met beplanning te help.
Heelwat vrae oor die ekonomie van volstruisboerdery het aanleiding gegee tot die aanvang van
hierdie studie. Navorsingsresultate oor die ekonomie van volstruisboerdery op mikrovlak bestaan
dan ook nie. Deur gebruik te maak van die genoemde rekenaarmodelle is vrae oor die ekonomie van
volstruisboerdery beantwoord.
Die enigste behoud van die volstruisbedryf in die Oudtshoom-omgewing, met sy beperkte
hulpbronne, is 'n stewige voorsprong in tegnologie om nie net beter nie, maar ook goedkoper as die
res van die wereld te produseer.
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n Finansiële evaluasie van wisselboustelsels vir die SwartlandHoffmann, W. H. (Willem Hendrik) 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MAgricAdmin)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Crop rotation present a possible alternative to wheat mono culture production in the
Middle Swartland region where farming circumstances became increasingly more
difficult since 1996 due to decreasing profit margins. Crop rotation as such presents a
number of advantages like higher yield for wheat within the system and reduced inputs
costs mainly due to cuts in fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides. Crop rotation trials are
currently undertaken at the Langgewens experimental farm in which canola and lupines
are used in rotation with wheat while medics and medic/clover mixtures are used as
pasture crops in rotation with wheat.
The trials is scheduled to run over a period of 20 years, a study of the possible financial
effect crop rotation might have on the typical farm can be of some importance to decision
makers in the wheat industry. Due to a lack in reliable information the knowledge of a
multi disciplinary panel of experts were use to obtain information concerning certain
aspects of crop rotation. The expected profitability could thus be determined. To be able
to determine the expected financial implications on farm level a typical farm model was
developed with the help of the panel of experts. The typical farm of 630 ha was used for
the model. The expected profitability and financial implications of the implementation of
the eight different crop rotation systems on such a typical farm were estimated making
use of long term budgets. The dispersion of rainfall over time was identified as the single
most influential factor on the yields of the different crops in the region and was taken into
account determining the profitability of the systems over time. The period used for the
calculations were thus divided into good, average or poor rainfall years.
The IRR (internal rate of return) was used as financial criteria in calculating the expected
profitability of the different / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wisselbou bied 'n moontlike alternatief vir koringmonokultuurverbouing in die Middel
Swartland waar boerdery omstandighede sedert 1996 toenemend moeiliker word weens
dalende winsmarges. Wisselbou as sulks bied verskeie voordele ten opsigte van
verhoogde opbrengste vir veral koring wat in die wisselboustelsel voorkom, sowel as
insetbesparings ten opsigte van hoofsaaklik bemesting en spuitprogramme.
Wisselbouproewe word tans op Langgewens Proefplaas onderneem om wisselboustelsels
waarin kanola en lupien as wisselbougraangewasse en medies en medics/klawer
kombinasies as wisselbouweidingsgewasse saam met koring ondersoek word.
Die proef is geskeduleer om oor 'n 20 jaar tydperk uitgevoer te word, maar 'n voortydige
finansiële ontleding van die verwagte effek wat wisselbou vir die tipiese plaas kan inhou,
kan waardevol wees vir besluitnemers in die betrokke bedryf Weens 'n tekort aan
toepaslike betroubare inligting is van 'n multidissiplinêre span van kundiges gebruik
gemaak om inligting ten opsigte van sekere aspekte van wisselbou te genereer. So kan die
verwagte winsgewendheid van die geïdentifiseerde wisselboustelsels bepaal word. Ten
einde die finansiële implikasies van gewaswisselbou relatief tot
koringmonokultuurverbouing op plaasvlak te ondersoek, is van 'n tipiese plaasmodel
gebruik gemaak wat met behulp van die paneel kundiges ontwikkel is. 'n Tipiese plaas
van 630 ha is gebruik as ontledingsmodel. Die verwagte winsgewendheid en finansiële
implikasies van die implementering van eik van agt verskillende wisselboustelsels is
beraam deur middel van langtermyn begrotings. Reënval en reënvalverspreiding is
geïdentifiseer as die faktore wat die grootste invloed op die opbrengs prestasie van
gewasse in die betrokke omgewing uitoefen en is in ag geneem met die beraming van die
finansiële prestasie van die stelsels oor die langtermyn. Die berekeningstermyn is
gevolglik ingedeel in goeie, gemiddelde en swak reënvaljare ten einde die invloed van
reënval op die opbrengste van die verskillende gewasse in ag te neem.
Die lOK (interne opbrengskoers van kapitaal) is gebruik as finansiële maatstaf vir die
meet van die winsgewendheid van eike wisselboustelsel, soos geïmplementeer op die tipiese plaas. Wisselboustelsels met kanola en lupien saam met koring toon goeie
finansiële resultate, terwyl stelsels met weidingsgewasse en koring oor die algemeen
meer winsgewend vertoon as koringmonokultuur.Na verwagting behoort die stelsel waar
koring en medics/klawennengsel afgewissel word, die beste te vaar ten opsigte van
winsgewendheid.
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Good for who? : supermarkets and small farmers in South Africa : a critical review of current approaches to market access for small farmers in developing countriesVan der Heijden, T. 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MComm (Agricultural Economics)--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Small‐scale agriculture is one of the few tools available to support improved rural
livelihoods on a significant scale in South Africa. Access to output markets is a key
obstacle for small farmers in generating higher incomes. Thus, the rise of modern
markets (supermarkets in particular) is generally viewed as positive for the rural
poor, although most commentators accede that there are challenges to be
overcome in obtaining access to such markets. A literature survey indicates a
mainstream point of view about the reasons for modern market exclusion, as well as
the most appropriate policy responses. This viewpoint is characterized by an
assessment that the “fault” for market exclusion lies largely with small producers –
their personal characteristics, their production methods, and their location – rather
than with these markets themselves. The corresponding logic is that if these issues
are addressed small farmers will almost certainly be included in modern market
supply chains.
It is this study’s assertion that much of the research that has been undertaken to
date is in fact incomplete, because it has excluded two key issues: The dominant
supermarket business model; and the actual position of small farmers in those
countries with high levels of supermarket concentration.
An examination of the supermarket model suggests it is inherently hostile towards
most producers, and that modern supermarket supply chain management strategies
aim to maximize the extraction of value from other chain participants. Smaller
producers are particularly hard hit by this strategy. The South African food retail
market structure resembles that of industrialised countries rather than developing
countries, and the largest local supermarkets probably have sufficient market share
to exercise significant market power. Therefore, we should expect that the position
of South African small farmers is similar to that of small farmers in industrialised
countries, who are increasingly excluded by modern supermarket‐led supply chains.
In light of this analysis, most of the current policy initiatives responses to address
market exclusion seem woefully inadequate. Improving the quality of production,
and small farmers’ access to skills and assets is important and necessary, but this
study proposes that these actions on their own are not sufficient to guarantee
access into modern supply chains. Insufficient research attention has been given to
understanding how markets themselves become barriers to entry. This is a vital gap
in local rural development policy: A market system that favours large over small
farmers has the potential to exacerbate rural inequality and to neutralize policy
aimed at supporting small farmers.
Government needs to take the development of marketing opportunities specifically
for small farmers more seriously, understanding that they face a very different set of
market access challenges than do large farmers. They need to encourage and
support the type of food networks and marketing structures that will have the
greatest positive benefit on small farmers and the communities that they live in. This
requires a different view of the workings of market networks, and a more critical
assessment of how these impact on rural livelihoods. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kleinskaalse landbou is een van die min hulpmiddels beskikbaar vir ondersteuning op
beduidende skaal van ’n beter bestaan in landelike Suid‐Afrika. Toegang tot
produksiemarkte is een van die struikelblokke wat kleinboere in die gesig staar
wanneer hulle meer produseer. Die opkoms van moderne markte word algemeen
beskou as positief vir armes op die platteland, alhoewel kommentaar meestal
daarop dui dat daar uitdagings is wat te bowe gekom moet word ten einde toegang
te verkry. ʼn Literatuurstudie dui op ʼn hoofstroomstandpunt ten opsigte van die
redes vir markuitsluiting, asook die mees gepaste beleidsreaksies. Hierdie standpunt
word gekenmerk deur ʼn mening dat die “fout” vir markuitsluiting hoofsaaklik by die
produsente lê – hulle persoonlike eienskappe, hulle produksiemetodes, en hulle
ligging – eerder as by hierdie markte self. Die ooreenstemmende logika is dat, as
kleinboere die gehalte en standvastigheid van hulle produksie verbeter, dan sal hulle
feitlik verseker by moderne markte ingesluit word.
Hierdie studie voer aan dat baie van die navorsing wat tot dusver onderneem is, in
werklikheid onvolledig is, weens die feit dat twee belangrike aangeleenthede: die
dominante supermark‐sakemodel, en die posisie van kleinboere in daardie lande
met hoë vlakke van supermarkkonsentrasie buite rekening gelaat word.
ʼn Ondersoek van die supermarkmodel dui daarop dat dit inherent vyandig is teenoor
die meeste landbouprodusente. In teenstelling met die siening van gelyke vennote
wat in die rigting van ʼn gemeenskaplike doelstelling saamwerk, is die moderne
supermarkvoorraadketting daarop ingestel om soveel moontlik waarde uit ander
deelnemers aan die ketting te trek. Kleiner produsente kry veral swaar as gevolg van
hierdie strategie. Die struktuur van die Suid‐Afrikaanse voedselkleinhandelmark toon
ooreenkomste met dié van geïndustrialiseerde lande eerder as met dié van
ontwikkelende lande, en die grootste plaaslike supermarkte het waarskynlik
voldoende markaandele om aansienlike markkrag uit te oefen. Ons moet dus verwag
dat die posisie van Suid‐Afrikaanse kleinboere soortgelyk is aan dié van kleinboere in
geïndustrialiseerde lande, wat toenemend uitgesluit word as gevolg van
voorraadkettings wat deur moderne supermarkte gelei word.
In die lig van hierdie analise skyn die meeste van die reaksies van die huidige
beleidsinisiatiewe in ’n poging om markuitsluiting die hoof te bied, bedroewend
ontoereikend. Verbetering van die gehalte van produksie en kleinboere se toegang
tot vaardighede en bates is belangrik en nodig, maar is op sigself nie voldoende om
toegang tot moderne voorraadkettings te waarborg nie. Onvoldoende aandag is tot
dusver in navorsing gegee aan begrip van hoe markte self hindernisse op die pad na
toegang word. Dit is ʼn kardinale leemte in plaaslike landelike ontwikkelingsbeleid: ʼn
markstelsel wat groot boere eerder as kleinboere bevoordeel, het die potensiaal om
landelike ongelykheid te vererger en beleid gemik op steun aan kleinboere te
neutraliseer.
Die regering moet die ontwikkeling van bemarkingsgeleenthede – in die besonder vir
kleinboere – ernstiger opneem, en begryp dat laasgenoemde voor baie
andersoortige uitdagings ten opsigte van marktoegang te staan kom as groot boere.
Hulle moet die soort voedselnetwerke en bemarkingstrukture wat die grootste
positiewe voordele vir kleinboere en die gemeenskappe waarin hulle woon sal hê,
aanmoedig en ondersteun. Dit vereis ʼn ander siening van die werking van
marknetwerke, en ʼn meer kritiese waardebepaling van die invloed wat dit op
landelike bestaan het.
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Winsgewendheid van suiwelboerdery in die SwartlandVan der Spuy, Albertus Louw 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Profit margins of typical farming systems in the Swartland have come under pressure
because of international market forces decreasing milk and wheat prices as well as the
deregulation of the agricultural marketing boards in South Africa after 1994. The profit
margins of small grain production systems are specifically under pressure. It has
therefore become necessary to evaluate different combinations of farming enterprises
continuously.
The profitability of changing farming enterprises can be examined by means of budgeting
techniques. In this study the profitability of the inclusion of more home grown feed stuffs
in the fodder flow program of dairies, currently run according to a zero feed lot grazing
system, was investigated. The technique of Linear Programming (LP) was used in this
regard.
Grain production per hectare can vary to a large extent in the Swartland because of the
large variation in soil forms and soil types. To accommodate these differences, a case
study was conducted in each of the identified sub regions of the Swartland. The
information gained from each case study was presented to a panel of producers and other
experts during group discussions. Technical experts ensured that the latest available
technology is applied, while the producers evaluated the practical implications of this. A
further outcome of this method was that specialised subject related matters could be
evaluated in group discussions focussing on the implications for the farming system as a
whole. Thus, aspects related to the multidisciplinary nature of farming systems could be
evaluated simultaneously.
It is concluded that farm profitability can, under described circumstances be improved by
including more home grown feed stuffs in the fodder flow program of the dairy
production system. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dalende melk- en koringpryse weens nasionale sowel as internasionale markkragte,
asook die deregulering van landboubemarkingsrade in Suid-Afrika na 1994, het die
winsgrense van boerderystelsels in die Swartland onder druk geplaas. Die
winsgewendheid van kleingraanproduksiestelsels is veralonder druk. Dit is gevolglik
nodig om kombinasies van boerderyvertakkings deurlopend te evalueer.
Die winsgewendheid van veranderinge in boerderybedryfstakkombinasies kan met
behulp van begrotingstegnieke bepaal word. In hierdie studie is die winsgewendheid van
die inskakeling van geproduseerde voere teen 'n hoër peil in die voervloeiprogram van
die melkbedryfstak, wat volgens 'n voerkraal- of nulbeweidingstelsel bedryf word, by die
kleingraanproduksiestelsel ondersoek. Die tegniek van Lineêre Progammering (LP) is
hiervoor gebruik.
Weens groot variasies in grondvorm en grondtipe in die Swartland kan graanproduksie
baie varieer. Ten einde hierdie verskille te kan akkommodeer, is 'n gevallestudie
winsgewendheidsontleding in elk van die geïdentifiseerde substreke van die Swartland
gedoen. Die inligting verkry uit hierdie gevallestudies is aan 'n paneel van produsente en
ander kundiges tydens groepbesprekings in debat geplaas. Tegniese kundiges het
verseker dat die nuutste tegnologie toegepas word, terwyl produsente die praktiese
implikasies hiervan kon evalueer. 'n Verdere uitvloeisel van hierdie werkswyse is dat
vakspesifieke gespesialiseerde aangeleenthede in die groepbespreking beoordeel word
tesame met die implikasies wat dit vir die boerderystelsel in sy geheel inhou. Sodoende
word aspekte wat verband hou met die multidissiplinêre geaardheid van boerderystelsels
gelyktydig ondersoek.
Daar word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die winsgewendheid van boerderye met
kombinasies van kleingraan en melk in die Swartland, onder bepaalde omstandighede,
deur die gebruik van selfgeproduseerde voergrondstowwe vir die melkproduksiestelsel,
aansienlik verhoog kan word.
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Die toepassing van die tegniek van bedryfsvergelyking op kooperatiewe wynkelders in Suid-AfrikaBotha, Philip R. (Philip Rudolph) 03 1900 (has links)
Proefskrif (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 1972. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: no abstract available / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: geen opsomming
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n Produksiekoste-ontleding van die private wynkelders in Suid-AfrikaVan Dyk, L. A. (Lodewyk August) 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 1969. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: no abstract available / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: geen opsomming
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