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A coaxial loudspeaker in which the woofer and tweeter oscillate at angular frequencies ω_1 and ω_2 respectively, is known to produce sum and difference frequencies ω_± = ω_1 ± ω_2. The generation of these can be attributed to both the nonlinearity of the equations of motion and the Lagrangian boundary behaviour of the low-frequency transducer. In order to characterize the phenomena of interest a perturbation expansion of the field variables is introduced (sometimes called quasi-linear approximation). After deriving a second-order equation for pressure, from which the intermodulation frequencies are obtained, an attempt is made to justify the dominance of the boundary mechanism over that of the fluid nonlinearity. An exact integral solution is then given for the spatial factor of the ω_± pressure terms. In the special case of a farfield on-axis observer an analytic solution is obtained. Several numerical investigations are performed and compared with experiment.

A coaxial loudspeaker in which the woofer and tweeter oscillate at angular frequencies ω_1 and ω_2 respectively, is known to produce sum and difference frequencies ω_± = ω_1 ± ω_2. The generation of these can be attributed to both the nonlinearity of the equations of motion and the Lagrangian boundary behaviour of the low-frequency transducer. In order to characterize the phenomena of interest a perturbation expansion of the field variables is introduced (sometimes called quasi-linear approximation). After deriving a second-order equation for pressure, from which the intermodulation frequencies are obtained, an attempt is made to justify the dominance of the boundary mechanism over that of the fluid nonlinearity. An exact integral solution is then given for the spatial factor of the ω_± pressure terms. In the special case of a farfield on-axis observer an analytic solution is obtained. Several numerical investigations are performed and compared with experiment.

In this work, we focus on two important goals of the transmission of scalable video over the Internet. The first goal is to provide high quality video to end users and the second one is to properly design networks and predict network performance for video transmission based on the characteristics of existing video traffic. Rate-distortion (R-D) based schemes are often applied to improve and stabilize video quality; however, the lack of R-D modeling of scalable coders limits their applications in scalable streaming. Thus, in the first part of this work, we analyze R-D curves of scalable video coders and propose a novel operational R-D model. We evaluate and demonstrate the accuracy of our R-D function in various scalable coders, such as Fine Granular Scalable (FGS) and Progressive FGS coders. Furthermore, due to the time-constraint nature of Internet streaming, we propose another operational R-D model, which is accurate yet with low computational cost, and apply it to streaming applications for quality control purposes. The Internet is a changing environment; however, most quality control approaches only consider constant bit rate (CBR) channels and no specific studies have been conducted for quality control in variable bit rate (VBR) channels. To fill this void, we examine an asymptotically stable congestion control mechanism and combine it with our R-D model to present smooth visual quality to end users under various network conditions. Our second focus in this work concerns the modeling and analysis of video traffic, which is crucial to protocol design and efficient network utilization for video transmission. Although scalable video traffic is expected to be an important source for the Internet, we find that little work has been done on analyzing or modeling it. In this regard, we develop a frame-level hybrid framework for modeling multi-layer VBR video traffic. In the proposed framework, the base layer is modeled using a combination of wavelet and time-domain methods and the enhancement layer is linearly predicted from the base layer using the cross-layer correlation.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. / J. Stevenson Kenney, Committee Member ; G. Tong Zhou, Committee Chair ; W. Marshall Leach, Committee Member ; Ye (Geoffrey) Li, Committee Member ; Jianmin Qu, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-103).

Thesis (Ph.D)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. / Committee Chair: Zhou, G. Tong; Committee Member: Johnson, Ellis; Committee Member: Kenney, J. Stevenson; Committee Member: Li, Ye; Committee Member: Ma, Xiaoli. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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The success of the wavelet transform in the compression of still images has prompted an expanding effort to exercise this transform in the compression of video. Most existing video compression methods incorporate techniques from still image compression, such techniques being abundant, well defined and successful. This dissertation commences with a thorough review and comparison of wavelet still image compression techniques. Thereafter an examination of wavelet video compression techniques is presented. Currently, the most effective video compression system is the DCT based framework, thus a comparison between these and the wavelet techniques is also given. Based on this review, this dissertation then presents a new, low-complexity, wavelet video compression scheme. Noting from a complexity study that the generation of temporally decorrelated, residual frames represents a significant computational burden, this scheme uses the simplest such technique; difference frames. In the case of local motion, these difference frames exhibit strong spatial clustering of significant coefficients. A simple spatial syntax is created by splitting the difference frame into tiles. Advantage of the spatial clustering may then be taken by adaptive bit allocation between the tiles. This is the central idea of the method. In order to minimize the total distortion of the frame, the scheme uses the new p-domain rate-distortion estimation scheme with global numerical optimization to predict the optimal distribution of bits between tiles. Thereafter each tile is independently wavelet transformed and compressed using the SPIHT technique. Throughout the design process computational efficiency was the design imperative, thus leading to a real-time, software only, video compression scheme. The scheme is finally compared to both the current video compression standards and the leading wavelet schemes from the literature in terms of computational complexity visual quality. It is found that for local motion scenes the proposed algorithm executes approximately an order of magnitude faster than these methods, and presents output of similar quality. This algorithm is found to be suitable for implementation in mobile and embedded devices due to its moderate memory and computational requirements. / Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

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