The aim of this study is to explore advertising and in particular advertising reception as a significant part of contemporary social practice. Although advertising in some form has been a feature of a wide range of societies, historically and culturally, its economic and social importance has perhaps never been greater. Advertising, across the industrial period and in particular since the Second World War, has through the entrenchment of market economies and the development of different media technologies increased its reach and density through a variety of means. It has become a significant media form, received by audiences differentiated by social, economic, spatial and other factors. This study enquires into the nature of audience reception of advertising through an exploration and application of the encoding/decoding media model. The study argues that attention to the textual and formal elements of the model need to be given greater emphasis and the decoding aspect of the model broadened to deal with a complexity of contextual factors contributing to the process. Advertising media by their nature are comprised of different formal and presentational means. The study focuses on newsprint, television and billboard and other outdoor advertising. The public and private environments in which these forms appear can be characterised through the social and symbolic difference between the domestic environment in which much television is viewed and the outdoor urban environment in which much billboard advertising appears. These are recognised as contributory elements in the reception of advertising and any significance the advert may have for its audience. Audience decoding of advertisements is then a combination of producer intent and a complexity of contributory factors brought to or found in the decoding process. This includes a recognition of various ways of seeing associated with different media forms and social and spatial circumstances and the presentation and reception of adverts as part of a flow of advertising and of a wider social experience. The relation between adverts and other texts also has important intertextual consequences for reception. In the process of decoding, it will be argued that social groups can be understood to act as interpretive communities and a process of advertising diffusion can be observed. Three empirical case studies form a survey of mainly car or car related advertising, featuring television, billboard and newsprint advertising, and highlight a range of possible decodings. The significance of historical and social factors is confirmed as important in securing particular readings of advertisements, and spatial, environmental and contextual features are emphasised in this survey. The survey acknowledges the significance of advertising form and medium and highlights the circumstances in which negotiated and oppositional readings may occur. This study re-emphasises that advertising texts form their signification within a complex arrangement of synchronic and diachronic circumstances in which immediate social and environmental factors should be accorded further significance in the study of advertising. The study concludes with a reflection on its methods and procedures and a consideration of further work that might be carried out in the area of empirical advertising studies. In the interest of a richer understanding of advertising, further research would acknowledge the complexities of audience reception and might include an enquiry into further advertising contexts and environments.

[Abstract]In recent years there has been a great deal of attention paid in early childhood settings to pedagogical documentation, a practice that has developed in thepreschools of Reggio Emilia, Italy. Following upon the devastation of World War II, educators, parents and children began working in this small city to reconstructtheir society and to build an exemplary system of education for young children. This system has become known as the Reggio Emilia approach. A hallmark of theReggio Emilia approach, pedagogical documentation, is a way of making visible the learning processes by which children and teachers work in early childhood centres.It may include anecdotal observations, children’s work, photographs, audio and video tape recordings, and children’s voiced ideas. An integral part of thedocumentation is the teacher’s reflective commentary. Pedagogical documentation can also be a focus for linking theory and practice.This qualitative instrumental case study involved looking at the personal qualities that have enabled three particular teachers located at an early childhoodcentre in Seattle, U.S.A., to embrace with enthusiasm the practice of pedagogical documentation. What are the lived experiences of these teachers? Do these teachers demonstrate particular attributes that foster “disposition to document”?Three teachers, along with two of the school’s parents, participated in a series of interviews which were analysed for significant themes. Subsequent conversations with the participants confirmed the initial themes I had drawn fromthe interview data.A relationship of reciprocity emerged - working with pedagogical documentation fostered dispositions that each teacher already had, while at the same time, these teachers were drawn to the Reggio Emilia approach because it resonated with them in an intuitive way. Pedagogical documentation demands a high level of intellectual commitment and a passionate engagement with one’steaching. Parallels were also found between pedagogical documentation and phenomenological research.

Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Computer Science, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-79).

Thesis (M.T.S.C.)--Miami University, Dept. of English, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 25).

In the Swedish Curriculum (Lpfö 1998, revised 2010) it is directly stated that childrens learning should be documented, a tool for this is to document by a pedagogical documentation. Therefore it is of great importance for preschool teachers to relate to a pedagogical documentation, in any aspect of it. I have in this study done a research on how preschool teachers use pedagogical documentation as a tool, and what their opinions are of implementing pedagogical documentation in their daily practice. This study is based on a qualitative method and six low-structured interviews executed in three different preschools. I have also used Vygotskijs sociocultural perspective as a theory in this study. The results of the study show that preschool teachers are using pedagogical documentation as a tool in their practice. They have a positive attitude towards it, and one interesting fact is that all of the preschool teachers find pedagogical documentation important for a childs development and learning. The aim is to use pedagogical documentation more often and always put the child in focus, when an educational documentation is in its process. / I läroplanen för förskolan (Lpfö 1998, rev. 2010) står det klart och tydligt att barns lärande och utveckling bör dokumenteras, ett verktyg för att möjliggöra detta är att dokumentera med hjälp av pedagogisk dokumentation. Således är det av stor vikt att som förskollärare relatera till en pedagogisk dokumentation, utifrån varje aspekt av den. Jag har i denna studie gjort en undersökning kring hur förskollärare använder pedagogisk dokumentation som ett verktyg i deras vardagliga pedagogiska arbete, samt vilka åsikter pedagoger har när det gäller att implementera den pedagogiska dokumentationen som ett arbetsverktyg i praktiken. Denna studie är baserad på en kvalitativ metod och sex låg-strukturerade intervjuer utförda på tre olika förskolor. Jag har även som teoretisk utgångspunkt redogjort kring Vygotskijs sociokulturella perspektiv i denna studie. Resultatet i denna studie visar på att förskollärare använder pedagogisk dokumentation som ett verktyg i deras pedagogiska arbete. De har en positiv attityd, och ett intressant faktum är att alla förskollärare i denna studie finner pedagogisk dokumentation av stor vikt, vad gäller ett barns utveckling och lärande. Målet är att använda den pedagogiska dokumentationen oftare och alltid sätta barnet i fokus, när en pedagogisk dokumentation är i sin process.

This dissertation explores the nature, purpose, function and role of language documentation in order to further our understanding of mechanisms of language transmission and maintenance in the face of language endangerment and the repression of indigenous identity. Beyond its traditional use for generating linguistic data, I argue that the act and the process of language documentation can be understood as a comprehensive means to evaluate the interactions between speakers and researchers and as the stage where various beliefs and emotions are displayed. Extending the notion of “sites” developed by Silverstein (1998) and Kroskrity (2009), I argue that the act of language documentation can create “sites” of linguistic transaction, of self recognition, and of ideological and emotional stance shift. To attain this goal, this project linguistically and ethnographically documents and describes Belizean Mopan, an endangered Mayan language spoken in the southern Petén region of Guatemala and in the Maya Mountain region (Toledo District) of Southern Belize as a case study. Ethnographic and linguistic observation suggest that characteristics of Belizean Mopan do not simply stem from its linguistic features but rather are derived from ethnic complexity, language ideologies, identity politics, the history of Belize and speakers’ awareness of the self. Linguistic biographies, interviews, participant observation, and ethnographic accounts indicate that the individual’s emotional attachments to the language and the sense of belonging to one’s linguistic community are crucial keys for effective language documentation and revitalization. Discourse and grammatical analysis of sound symbolic words in narratives suggest that speakers’ linguistic affects can be evoked through sound itself. The devices used during language documentation, such as voice and video recorders can be understood as “signifying instruments” (J. D. Hill 2014), which amplify or evoke speakers’ and researchers’ linguistic ideologies and/or affects. Tzik ‘respect’ plays a pivotal role in distinguishing Mopans from other Maya groups and many stories and personal narratives either explicitly or subtly demonstrate the concept and importance of tzik for regulating and maintaining the traditional community and for having a successful life, which resembles the secretos ‘secrets’ described in Hofling’s (1996: 109) account of Itzaj Maya lives. Focusing on tzik gained through being a ch’ija’an kristiyanojo ‘the grown-up people’, I argue that storytelling is a primary device to transmit and circulate traditional knowledge, worldview, ideologies and memories of Maya people from the present, the immediate past, and the mythological past and that in a sense, the role and meaning of dream divination and my language consultant, Orlando Sho’s musical performances can be equated with the practice of storytelling. The act of language documentation is a portal to the site of linguistic and cultural transaction and of world learning, in which I see a key to successful language renewal and revitalization.

xxxix, 729 p. : ill. (some col.) / Kurtop is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by approximately 15,000 people in Northeastern Bhutan. This dissertation is the first descriptive grammar of the language, based on extensive fieldwork and community-driven language documentation in Bhutan. When possible, analyses are presented in typological and historical/comparative perspectives and illustrated with ample data, drawn mainly from texts but also elicitation as need be. Within Tibeto-Burman, Kurtop has been placed within the East Bodish sub-branch. Data presented in this study support this placement and confirm previous observations that the East Bodish languages are close relatives, but not direct descendants of Classical Tibetan. The link between the current East Bodish languages and Bhutanese prehistory remains unclear but the Kurtop grammar is a first step at understanding the historical relations. The most remarkable aspect of Kurtop phonology is the tonal system, which is contrastive following the sonorants, but incipient following the obstruents, except the palatal fricative, for which tone has completely replaced a previous contrast in voicing. Tone is present only on the first syllable of stems, where vowels are also slightly longer. Kurtop is agglutinating and polysynthetic. Words generally consist of two or three syllables, but may be as long as five or six, depending mainly on suffixing morphology. Like most languages of South Asia, Kurtop exhibits verb-final syntax and the typological correlations that follow, including postposition (or relator noun constructions), auxiliaries after the verb, and sentence-final particles. The case marking system is 'pragmatic' ergative, where an ergative marker is required in some transitive contexts, but not in others. In other contexts, including for some intransitive verbs, the ergative signals a variety of pragmatic or semantic factors. This ergative system, though typologically unusual, is characteristic of many Tibeto-Burman languages, including neighboring Dzongkha and Tshangla. Nominalization and clause-chaining are two essential components of Kurtop syntax, constituting a majority of clauses and a diachronic source for much of the main clause grammar. The evidential/mirative system in Kurtop is also of typological interest, encoding a wide range of values pertaining to speaker expectation as well as mirativity and source of knowledge. / Committee in charge: Scott DeLancey, Chairperson and Advisor; Spike Gildea, Member; Doris Payne, Member; Gyoung-Ah Lee, Member; William Ayres, Outside Member

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:30:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 grigoleto_mc_me_mar.pdf: 1819007 bytes, checksum: 6b664ab391dc232c1b828de0c3f7d777 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho parte de uma indagação inicial sobre a materialidade da informação. Com o intuito de desenvolver esta idéia, no caso específico da informação necessária para a patrimonialização de um bem, apresentamos uma discussão geral sobre a definição do patrimônio e as instituições que o legalizam. Num segundo momento, focamos nossa observação sobre uma interpretação do documento, no caso, do documento como coisa. Feitas essas considerações passamos a analisar um bem arquitetônico específico: a casa do Presidente Prudente de Moraes localizada na cidade de Piracicaba/SP. Para essa análise, entendemos que deveria ser considerada a construção da imagem da personagem, assim como a descrição do espaço ao qual esteve vinculada. Finalmente, comparamos os processos de tombamento feitos por três instâncias preservacionistas: o IPHAN, o CONDEPHAAT e o CODEPAC. O intuito desta comparação foi evidenciar de que forma é o documento, entendido como um espaço de formas de poder e de materialização de valores, que determina o próprio patrimônio, e não o contrário, como comumente se pensa. / The present work comes from an initial inquiry about the materialization of the information. With the intention of developing this idea, in the specific case of the necessary information for transforming a good into a patrimony, we present a general discussion about the definition of the patrimony and the institutions that legalize it. In a second moment, we focate our observation on an interpretation of the document, in this case, of the document as thing. Made these considerations we start to analyze a specific architectural good: President Prudente de Moraes‟ house located in the city of Piracicaba/SP. For this analysis, we understand that it should be considered the construction of the character's image, as well as the description of the space to which it was linked. Finally, we compare the patrimonial processes done by three preservationist instances: IPHAN, CONDEPHAAT and CODEPAC. The intention of this comparison was to evidence what form has the document that, considered as a space of power forms and of materialization of values, it determines the own patrimony, and not the opposite, as commonly is thought.

In this thesis I explore the role and significance of editorial illustration, developed in printed publications and evolving within online publishing structures. Editorial illustration has a long tradition of illustrating stories in news publications, but I argue that in current online news websites its particular role has all but failed. Online publishing has become the driving force within editorial publishing and this raises the question whether, and how, editorial illustration can continue to be a successful constituent in an online publishing environment? I argue that the continuation of editorial illustration lies within digitally native narrative forms, from online interactive documentaries, game-based storytelling, data-visualisation to memes: viral images spread through social media. Within these forms the significance and agency of illustration is not only clearly present but evolving, except here illustration is interwoven with the story. I argue that these forms of illustration, as well as printed illustration, are based on the same conceptual model and articulate editorial illustration’s inherent attributes. I propose a constellation of four attributes (manifestation, translation, reflection, and engagement) that together give rise to the key quality that illustration offers to the reader, deliberation. Illustration should not be understood as a separate artifact, positioned next to a text, but as a multimodal practice, always related to a story, enabled by the specific qualities of its contextualizing medium. As practice-led research, the thesis explores this proposition in practice and theory within printed and online forms of editorial illustration and in relation to online media technologies and material properties. Central is the development of a potential method of online editorial illustration that I call data driven illustration, a formation employing the material and semiotic expressive potential of live data and code. The research draws primarily from the ideas of media materiality (Hayles, Kittler, Manovich), but in doing so is supplemented with other relevant theories found in semiotics (Barthes, Hayles, Kress and van Leeuwen) and audience reception (Hall). This interdisciplinary approach is applied to the field of illustration through a historical study of wood-engraved news illustration in the Illustrated London News; through my own practice as an illustrator, in this case, work undertaken for the NRC newspaper; and explorations of various examples of online illustration. This thesis offers a first step in constructing a framework for editorial illustration, to move beyond the print paradigm and provide a language through which to explore illustration as an emergent practice.

abstract: As technology has advanced in recent years, tablet devices have started to make their way into all walks of life. Yet, many medical documentation processes still see the use of paper. Though the paper based documentation method has been shown to be effective for some purposes, the introduction of tablet devices has the potential to make the documentation processes a lot smoother. In this thesis, tablet based documentation systems are reviewed, and based on this, a new custom application is developed that medical staff can use with ease. This new application, developed for an iPad is one where users can fully customize their own forms for different uses in the intensive care unit for resuscitation scenarios. The thesis discusses the architecture behind this application along with designing different elements of the system. Through this thesis project, the application was evaluated to see if such a complex documentation process can be easily used and created on a tablet device. The medical staff surveyed, responded positively to the use of the application and agreed that the electronic documentation usage and creation is a powerful tool that could help improve resuscitation practice by making it more efficient. / Dissertation/Thesis / Survey Responses / Masters Thesis Engineering 2016