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William Faulkner in The Sound and the Fury, Harry Crews in A Feast of Snakes, and Kathryn Stockett in The Help each depict African Americans in roles as domestic servants. The differing historical situations of the novels play a large part in the disparity among the depictions. However, each novel clearly holds black domestic laborers in contrast to their white employers. These texts’ depictions of black domestic servants and the whites for whom they care are at different points strikingly similar and tellingly disparate. The overlaps and fissures between black domestic servants portrayed as mammy’s and uncles and black domestic servants characterized as powerful and morally upright human beings and what those overlaps and fissures demonstrate about the novels and the historical moments of their creations will be the focus of this study.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-05-08T11:32:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dária Sirqueira Matsumoto.pdf: 2395945 bytes, checksum: a167e5b84492f90d82cacf6db8a22911 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-08T11:32:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dária Sirqueira Matsumoto.pdf: 2395945 bytes, checksum: a167e5b84492f90d82cacf6db8a22911 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-27 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The purpose of this dissertation is the paid domestic work historically exercised by women from the subalternized layers of the working class, in view of the changes that have occurred, especially those in the process of regulating their social and labor rights, from 2013 to 2016. We sought to analyze the transformations in the area of domestic work, within the historical framework of deep transformations in the world of work, especially for the working class. The central analysis of this study sought to contemplate reflections about work as the first foundation in the process of humanization of the social being and in what way it is materialized in the capital society. In this context, it was intended to analyze the process that led to the formulation of Complementary Law n. 150 of June 2015, and how it has been effective in the daily work of domestic workers in the city of São Paulo. In order to deepen the object of this dissertation, a bibliographical and documentary research was carried out aiming at the historical recovery of the role played by the domestic workers, from Brazil Colônia until the end of the decade 1980 and the paths taken by these workers in the process of political organization in the struggle for the assimilation of labor rights since the provisional government of Getúlio Vargas. For the primary data collection, a qualitative research was carried out, through interviews, using a semi-structured script, with union leaders and domestic workers present in the physical space of the Union of Domestic Workers of the Municipality of São Paulo. It was concluded that domestic work safeguards significant elements from its historical slavers, and through multiple mechanisms of subalternization and exploitation of the female labor force contributes to the process of social reproduction of the middle and bourgeois classes in contemporary capitalist society. However, if the equalization of social and labor rights of domestic workers with other workers represented a significant achievement of historically neglected rights, their preservation and expansion require the strengthening of collective organization and the struggles of domestic workers in alliance with the working class as a whole / A presente dissertação tem como objeto o trabalho doméstico remunerado exercido, historicamente, por mulheres das camadas subalternizadas da classe trabalhadora, na perspectiva das mudanças ocorridas, especialmente, aquelas em curso com o processo de regulamentação dos seus direitos sociais e trabalhistas, no período de 2013 a 2016. Buscou-se analisar as transformações na área do trabalho doméstico, no marco histórico de profundas transformações no mundo do trabalho, notadamente, para a classe trabalhadora. A análise central deste estudo procurou contemplar reflexões sobre o trabalho como fundamento primeiro no processo de humanização do ser social, e de que maneira ele é materializado na sociedade do capital. Nesse contexto, pretendeu-se analisar o processo que levou à formulação da Lei Complementar n. 150, de junho de 2015, e como esta tem se efetivado no cotidiano de trabalho das trabalhadoras domésticas do município de São Paulo. Para o aprofundamento do objeto desta dissertação, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, visando o resgate histórico do papel desempenhado pelas trabalhadoras domésticas, desde o Brasil Colônia até o final da década 1980 e os caminhos percorridos por essas trabalhadoras no processo de organização política na luta pela equiparação de direitos do trabalho, desde o governo provisório de Getúlio Vargas. Para a coleta de dados primários, realizou-se pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, com entrevistas, a partir de um roteiro semiestruturado, junto a lideranças sindicais e trabalhadoras domésticas presentes no espaço físico do Sindicato das Trabalhadoras Domésticas do Município de São Paulo. Concluiu-se que o trabalho doméstico resguarda significativos elementos oriundos de suas bases históricas escravistas e, por meio de múltiplos mecanismos de subalternização e exploração da força de trabalho feminina contribui para o processo de reprodução social das classes médias e burguesas na sociedade capitalista contemporânea. Contudo, se a equiparação de direitos sociais e trabalhistas das trabalhadoras domésticas com os demais trabalhadores representou significativa conquista de direitos historicamente negligenciados, sua preservação e ampliação exigem o fortalecimento da organização coletiva e das lutas das trabalhadoras domésticas em aliança com o conjunto da classe trabalhadora

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This thesis is about the social, political, and economic interactions that took place in and around the Universities’ Mission to Central Africa (UMCA) in two very different regions: north-eastern Tanzania and Zanzibar. The mission was for much of the period a space in which people could – often inventively – make a living through education, employment, and patronage. Indeed, particularly in the period preceding British colonial rule, most Christians were mission employees (usually teachers) and their families. Being Christian was, in one sense, a livelihood. In this era before the British altered the political economy, education had only limited appeal, while the teaching profession was not highly esteemed by Africans, although it offered some teachers the security and status of a regular income. From the 1860s to the 1910s, the UMCA did not offer clear trajectories for most of the Africans interacting with it in search of a better life. Markers of coastal sophistication, such as clothing or Swahili fluency, had greater social currency, while the coast remained a prime source of paid employment, often preferable to conditions offered by the mission. By the end of the period, Christians were at a social and economic advantage by virtue of their access to formal institutional education. This was a major shift and schooling became an obvious trajectory for future employment and economic mobility. Converts, many of whom came from marginal social backgrounds, sought to overcome a heritage of exploitative social relations and to redraw the field for the negotiation of dependency to their advantage. However, as this thesis shows, the mission also contributed to new sets of exploitative social relations in a hierarchy of work and education.

O propósito do presente trabalho é estudar algumas personagens dedicadas ao trabalho doméstico da literatura portuguesa. Foram selecionadas Juliana e Joana, personagens-criadas do romance O Primo Basílio de Eça de Queirós, a aia do conto homônimo também de Eça, Belarmina do conto \"Menina Olímpia e Sua Criada Belarmina\" de José Régio e Léah do conto que traz o mesmo nome de José Rodrigues Miguéis. Essas personagens foram analisadas a partir do texto e do contexto em que estavam inseridas, isto é, Idade Média, século XIX e meados do século XX, para, finalmente, confrontá-las entre si e entre as tendências literárias realista e presencista. / The purpose of this work is to study a few characters dedicated to domestic services in the Portuguese literature. There were selected Juliana and Joana, character servants of the romance O Primo Basílio, by Eça de Quiroz, the aia, from the short story A Aia, also by Eça de Quiroz, Belarmina from the short story Menina Olímpia e Sua Criada Belarmina, by José Régio, and Léah from the short story that carries the same name of the character, by José Rodrigues Miguéis. These characters were analyzed from the perspectives of both the text and the context in which they were inserted, that were the medieval age, the XIX century and mid XX century, so as to, in conclusion, confront them among themselves and within the literary tendencies of the realist and presencist movements.

O propósito do presente trabalho é estudar algumas personagens dedicadas ao trabalho doméstico da literatura portuguesa. Foram selecionadas Juliana e Joana, personagens-criadas do romance O Primo Basílio de Eça de Queirós, a aia do conto homônimo também de Eça, Belarmina do conto \"Menina Olímpia e Sua Criada Belarmina\" de José Régio e Léah do conto que traz o mesmo nome de José Rodrigues Miguéis. Essas personagens foram analisadas a partir do texto e do contexto em que estavam inseridas, isto é, Idade Média, século XIX e meados do século XX, para, finalmente, confrontá-las entre si e entre as tendências literárias realista e presencista. / The purpose of this work is to study a few characters dedicated to domestic services in the Portuguese literature. There were selected Juliana and Joana, character servants of the romance O Primo Basílio, by Eça de Quiroz, the aia, from the short story A Aia, also by Eça de Quiroz, Belarmina from the short story Menina Olímpia e Sua Criada Belarmina, by José Régio, and Léah from the short story that carries the same name of the character, by José Rodrigues Miguéis. These characters were analyzed from the perspectives of both the text and the context in which they were inserted, that were the medieval age, the XIX century and mid XX century, so as to, in conclusion, confront them among themselves and within the literary tendencies of the realist and presencist movements.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - James Cook University, 2004. / Thesis submitted by Sally Marie Babidge, BA (Hons) UWA June 2004, for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Anthropology, Archaeology and Sociology, James Cook University. Bibliography: leaves 283-303.