The Punic period (6th - 2nd century BC) in the island of Ibiza (Spain) has been regarded by historians and archaeologists as a time of flourishing economic wealth and prosperity, as evidenced by its coin production, demographic growth, agricultural exploitation, intensive product manufacturing and its overall importance to Punic trading routes. From a bioanthropological perspective, this apparent prosperity raises a number of interesting questions. Did such prosperity manifest itself in the biological well-being of the population? What were the morbidity rates like for the inhabitants of Ibiza? Were there differences between urban and rural populations? How might this period compare with a less prosperous era? These questions led to the following hypothesis being established - General prosperity in the Punic period in Ibiza should be reflected in the general wellbeing of the population, as evidenced by human skeletal remains. To test this hypothesis, morbidity rates in the general population in the Punic period were assessed including an analysis of rural and urban populations. In addition the Punic period was compared to the Late Antiquity - Early Byzantine (4th - 7th century AD) period. To assess these issues, anthropological data on stature, oral health, infections, trauma, mortality, osteoarthritis and diet was analysed, amongst other indicators. Allied to this, the research attempted to place the analysis in a broader biocultural context. Whether the above questions could be definitively answered depended on the sample size of material available. A larger sample would certainly have allowed these issues to be explored in even more depth than was possible in this study. Nevertheless, the samples studied have produced a range of interesting results that will aid future research. This research provides a wider understanding of the Punic period in Ibiza and of the Punic world in the Western Mediterranean; highlights the importance of combining anthropological work with other archaeological data; contributes to the osteological and palaeopathological record for Ibiza; and finally, provides a framework for further research.

This thesis takes up the challenge of Jacques Derrida's Glas from an Hegelian perspective and addresses the central question of Derrida's book: "quoi du reste [ ••• ] d'un Hegel?" - "what remain(s) of a Hegel?". Glas construes a Hegel whose system is 'reappropriative' of all alterity and Derrida's efforts are devoted to disclosing the elements of Hegel's system that are not only incapable of reappropriation but which are, for that reason, the system's condition of possibility. Each chapter of the thesis addresses the construction of these 'remain(s), with regard to Hegel's text. The essay considers Derrida's reconstruction of Hegel's conception of Sophocles' Antigone, of the absolute religion and the construal of the Jews, whilst it also addresses the 'general fetishism' that is the method of Glas and is paricularly evident in the portion of the text devoted to Genet. In response, the thesis examines the Hegel of deconstruction and counters this construal with a rereading of the Hegel texts from which the 'remain(s), are collected. The fundamental argument of the thesis is that Glas presupposes and confronts the Hegel-reading of Alexandre Kojeve: a 'reappropriative' Hegel whose system concludes with the selftransparency of the bourgeois subject as citizen of the modern state. The 'remain(s)' represent all that refuses to be subsumed by the law or 'concept' of this state. In parallel, the argument focuses upon Derrida's construal of Hegel's thought as the 'metaphysics of the proper' and the essay thereby conceives of 'differance' as the alienation that constitutes formal identity or 'propriety'. Thus, the inadmissable 'remain(s), supply the formally-universal state and citizen of Kojeve with the moment of 'difference' that it must suppress: the 'remain(s)' collude with the sphere of production and exchange, with civil society and the proprietor. In contrast to the Kojevean Hegel of Glas, the thesis shows that Hegel's thought is not the narrative justification of modern, positive, property law but the determination of the latter's fixed and abstract oppositions. The response to Glas considers the 'remain(s)' to be the moment of alienation that is constitutive of the modern, universal right of private appropriation. Derrida, incapable of thinking otherwise than according to abstract law renders that moment transcendental. Thus, the thesis depicts Hegel as confronting the one-sided conceptuality of Kojevean 'right' and the one-sided emphasis upon non-identity and intuition in Derridean differance. The thesis asserts that Hegel's 'absolute' and the notion of 'ethical life', far from being the justification of positive law, adumbrate the possibility of cognizing this law without imposing the abstract concept anew. In the name of precluding the domination of the concept, however, the 'remain(s), will simultaneously reassert positive law as 'unknowable' whilst maintaining the violence of the law's imposition and its undeterminable oppositions.

This research project has attempted to develop a methodology for the identification of charred remains of useful non-woody vegetative parts of plants by the use of morphological and anatomical characters. A large number of taxa have been observed covering a wide morphological, anatomical, ethnographic and taxonomic range. The chosen taxa cover a geographic area from Western Europe, through the Mediterranean to the Near East. Anatomy of fresh material viewed under the light microscope has been used to interpret the anatomy of experimentally charred tissues viewed under the Scanning Electron Microscope. Classical morphological and anatomical characters have been used as well as artifactual characters caused by charring. Literature covering root and tuber domestication and the exploitation of roots and tubers as wild resources are reviewed. The origins of root crops in Europe and the Near East is discussed and compared with the origin of root and tuber crops in the tropics. The application of morphological terms such as rhizome, rootstock and corm as well as the use of anatomical and morphological characters of the tissues under observation for classification and identification are discussed. The results first describe the characters of charred non-woody vegetative tissue, so that in the separate descriptions of the charcoal each taxon that follows the morphology and anatomy may be interpreted. Those characters that are diagnosed are indicated. Archaeological charcoal that has been analysed is also described. The results are discussed with a view to methods of identification of parenchymatous tissues and a manual dichotomous key is presented. Applications of the research are examined. Finally a list of concluding points is put forward.

No description available.

The repatriation of Aboriginal human remains is still a debated issue in some forums. However, among many Canadian museums and other institutions, repatriation of ancestral remains is no longer a debate. It has become part of an obligation institutions have to ‘decolonize’ their collections. While the question concerning whether repatriation is ‘the right thing to do’ has been recognized in most North American museums, trying to decide the best method to return the remains is still undecided. In examining how perceptions of human remains have changed in the Anglo-European, Haida and Ojibway cultures, an explanation of the importance of repatriation emerges. This thesis analyses how changes in perception have impacted the acceptance of repatriation among museums and other institutions and produced a discourse concerned with returning all Aboriginal remains back to Native communities. By analysing the experiences and opinions of 14 stakeholders in repatriation (collected during in-person and telephone conversations as well as open-ended questionnaires) I was able to garner a general opinion on the status of repatriation in Canada. It was found that the current method Canadian institutions employ to repatriate Aboriginal human remains adequately addresses the issue. Flaws are found in all methods of repatriation; however, presently, negotiations based on mediation and not litigation produce more valuable consultation relationships, more cooperation between institutions and Native groups, and a more beneficial repatriation experience.

Un dels principals reptes de la demografia formal ha estat incloure la informació sobre les taxes vitals tant dels homes com de les dones als models de creixement i renovació de la població; és l'anomenat problema dels dos sexes. El problema dels dos sexes és un subconjunt dels problemes analítics que comporta el modelatge de poblacions amb múltiples subgrups. En aquest treball, caracteritzo el problema dels dos sexes per mitjà de la descomposició dels components de les taxes vitals dels homes I de les dones en la diferència entre les taxes intrínseques de cada sexe. Presento un conjunt de models ajustats pels dos sexes i estructurats per edat cronològica basats en la literatura existent. Una de les contribucions d'aquest treball és una nova varietat de l'estructura d'edat; l'edat en base als anys restants de vida. Desenvolupo un model de creixement i de renovació per a les poblacions unisex estructurades per anys restants de vida i extensions de dos sexes. Aplicant la meva metolodologia observo que les poblacions estructurades per anys restants de vida produeixen menys divergència entre els sexes que els models estructurats per edat, la qual cosa redueix alguns dels desavantatges inherents de les decisions de modelatge dels dos sexes. En general, les poblacions estructurades per anys restants de vida són més estables en el temps i es troben més a prop de les seves estructures estables que els casos de poblacions estructurades per edat cronològica. Hi ha divergència entre els models de creixement de les poblacions estructurades en base a anys restants de vida respecte les estructurades en anys transcorreguts des del naixement. Caracteritzo aquesta divergència en termes del problema dels dos sexes i l'anomeno problema de les dues edats. / One of the foremost problems in formal demography has been including information on the vital rates from both males and females in models of population renewal and growth, the so-called two-sex problem. The two-sex problem can be conceived as a subset of the analytical problems entailed by multigroup population modeling. This dissertation characterizes the two-sex problem by means of decomposing the vital rate components to the sex-gap between the male and female single-sex stable growth rates. A suite of two-sex models for age-structured models from the literature are presented in a standard reproducible format. A new variety of age-structure, age based on remaining years of life, is presented. Analogous models of population growth for the singlesex and two-sex cases are developed for populations structured by remaining years of life. It is found that populations structured by remaining years of life produce less sex-divergence than age-structured models, thereby reducing some of the trade-offs inherent in two-sex modeling decisions. In general, populations structured by remaining years are found to be more stable over time and closer to their ultimate model stable structures than age-structured populations. Models of population growth based on remaining-years structure are found to diverge from like-designed age-structured models. This divergence is characterized in terms of the two-sex problem and we call it to two-age problem.

In this thesis, I propose a new method for mortuary analysis. This methodological approach is based upon the premise that the social rank and statuses held by members of a community provide better structural referents to the composition of a social system. Three dimensions of social distinctions are targeted for analysis in this study: vertical, horizontal and special status distinctions. A new technique is employed to quantify these dimensions of social distinctions. A mathematical model that delineates the structural and organizational properties of a social system using ratio and interval scales is then used to monitor social development and change over time and space. The mortuary data from the Greek Neolithic (6500-3200 B.C.) is used to illustrate this new methodology and its applicability to the study of social formation. The concepts and qualitative methods developed in this thesis proved useful in the study of Greek Neolithic mortuary differentiation, social distinctions, and social development. Thequantitative methods employed in this thesis revealed patterns of social differentiation and development that in many ways parallel the qualitative suggestions of earlier research. There is strong evidence to suggest that rank and status differentiation existed in Greek prehistory far earlier than previously expected. Overall, the results of this analysis suggest that the Greek Neolithic can no longer be characterized as a time when various semi-nomadic and sedentary groups lived during a period of social equality. Instead, it appears the economic and social inequality that characterizes subsequent periods of Greek prehistory have their origin in the Neolithic. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

For this thesis the animal bones collected from the archaeological excavations at the ancient site of Burgaz have been analyzed for the study of animal exploitation, human diet, social differentiation and the environment of Burgaz and Dat&ccedil / a during the Classical Period. Comparison of the results with evidence from other sites to determine the extent to which there might have been local trends in animal husbandry. Because this kind of a research is not common among archaeologists specialising in the classical period the methodology and each process of the laboratory work has been set out. Burgaz/Dat&ccedil / a is a coastal settlement but sea products do not have an important place in the human diet of the Dat&ccedil / a Burgaz inhabitants. After analysis of the Burgaz bones it was determined that domestic cattle, sheep/goat, pig, horse, donkey and dog were present alongside wild goat, wild pig, fallow deer, red deer, roe deer, badger and birds as well as fish and shellfish from the sea. More than half of the bones that were identified, 220 of 430, come from floor filling levels beneath floors. It was understood that these bones were in filling materials that were brought from dump site(s). Among these bones were some worked cattle bones which have close parallels with Roman period finds at Sagalassos. Because of most of identified bones come from filling levels beneath floors it was not possible to reach definite conclusions about social hierarchy at ancient Burgaz. Sheep/goat and cattle were kept for their secondary products, such as milk, wool and power. They were slaughtered in their old age by experienced people and played an important place in diet of the Burgaz inhabitants. Pigs, on the other hand, were slaughtered when young. From the wild species found in the Classical and Hellenistic Periods it can be said that the Dat&ccedil / a environment was diverse enough to accommodate a range of wild animals whose habitat indicates the existence of forested areas (with large leafed and coniferous trees) as well as of meadows and grasslands.

Diss. Uppsala : Univ., 2007.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, 1984. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 45-11, Section: B, page: 3629.