The diploma thesis deals with ethics and legal regulation of promotion. In the first part of the thesis is promotion described from a marketing point of view. Afterwards are described legal and ethical instruments of regulation of promotion. The second part of the thesis deals with several cases of violation of the law and their economic impact. After these cases are described unethical cases of promotion. At the end of the thesis are suggested recommendations for business entities.

This diploma thesis, in its theoretical part deals with literature review. In the empirical part is described the current situation of the selected company. Afterwards, there is processed an analysis of the region and selected company with help of chosen indicators. Subsequently, there is made the discussion about the issue and suggestion for the improvement. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the influence of selected company on the regional development. This will be reached with the application of proper literature review, qualitative research and interviews with the management of the selected company.

This diploma thesis deals with the excise duty on the still wine being applied in the Czech Republic and explores an influence of this taxation rate upon the market subjects. Basing on the analysises of the market subjects a potential impact of the non-zero tax of the still wine excise is determined. The analysis comprises both of watching anagement of the wine-growing companies as well as potential tax yields for the state budget. It explores how involving or non-involving non-zero tax rate into the wine prices does affect collecting excise duty and changing VAT in respect of changing quantity demands as well as additional costs. A tax yield of this duty for the state budget compares with total tax collection of all excise duties. Non-zero tax rate should impact competitive rivalry and employment rate in the wine-growing and vinicultural business too. Basing on the analysises it deduces a recommendation concerning the excise tax rate of the still wine.

The thesis deals with the topic of ulcerative colitis and its psychosocial impact upon adolescents. The main goal of the thesis is to identify, through qualitative research, the psychosocial factors that influence the adolescent in his everyday life and to map the situations that are most difficult for the teenager. The topic is based on the theoretical part, which consists of information about the diagnosis and course of ulcerative colitis, treatment methods and complications connected with them. The theoretical part also deals with describing the psychosocial factors of ulcerative colitis and describing adolescence as the stage of an individual's life. The research part describes a qualitative research method that answers the main research question. The output of a qualitative research survey is 7 identified areas that are most influenced by ulcerative colitis during adolescence. Key words: Ulcerative colitis, adolescence, psychosocial factors, chronical disease, impact, handicap, social impact

The thesis aims at quantifying the potential fiscal gains of an extra investment into Roma education. From the budgetary point of view, it would pay off to invest extra money into Roma children, if it increased future net contributions to the budget. The extra investment into one child could take values up to the average discounted value of future net benefits per person. The net benefits represent the increased net contributions due to a higher level of education. The contribution of the thesis is the estimation of different net contributions of Roma with various educational levels to the national budget in order to encourage the investment into Roma children. Secondly, we estimated the yearly loss of the national budget due to lower education among the Roma. And thirdly, we conducted a survey among the clients of the endowment fund Verda to find the relationship between their education, employment status and other variables.

(in English) The thesis discusses the government of the most recent military dictatorship in Argentina in 1976-1983. The first chapter defines the basic concepts that are important for the proper interpretation of the work and provides a brief overview of the political developments and the situation in the country in the 20th century that preceded the last military coup. The main part of the thesis gives the characteristics of the period 1976-1983, that is rise to power, action and fall of the military dictatorship with a reflection of the development of relations with the USA and Argentina in this period of time. It also delivers a view of the Falklands War, which accelerated the transition from dictatorship to democracy in Argentina. The work also includes insight into the present in the context of the impact of the seven-year military junta to Argentine society as well as the question of the future of the islands, in the context of the continuing recognition of Argentina's claims to sovereignty over the islands.

The objective of the thesis is to analyse the questions of multilingualism in the EU from a large range of aspects, in particular from the one associated with its economic impact. The thesis aims to find answers to the questions concerning the necessity or uselessness of a large number of the EU official languages, the impact of multilingualism on its competitiveness and the future of multilingualism in the EU. The first chapter introduces the context of multilingualism in the EU from the administrative, political, juridical, historical and philological points of view. It also shows the development of the EU multilingualism policy. The most important second chapter focuses on the economic aspects of multilingualism in the EU. It analyses the controversial case of the unified European patent and its translations, the ELAN study exploring the effects of insufficient foreign language skills in enterprise on European economy and lastly the report of the Business Forum on multilingualism considering the impact of language skills on business and employment in the EU. The third chapter depicts the main goals of the actual EU strategy for multilingualism in a broader, not only economic context. The fourth chapter is a practical study prepared by the author which presents opinions of 25 Czech specialists working with EU languages of the questions considered in the first three chapters. The thesis confirms the necessity of retaining the actual number of EU official langages, mainly for political reasons. It also points out the economic potential involved in the foreign languages which would -- under certain circumstances -- strenghten the competitiveness of the EU. In the future the multilingualism is expected to be retained and even more encouraged by the EU institutions, member states and by the private sector with the objective of a better utilization of its potential.

Este trabalho apresenta a caracterização espectroscópica de dois conjuntos de vidros sódio aluminofosfatos co-dopados com Yb3+ e Tm3+, na região do visível e infravermelho, preparados em atmosfera de nitrogênio e ambiente. Nestas amostras, os íons de Yb3+ são empregados como doadores eficientes, da excitação em 980nm, com transferência de energia subseqüente para os íons Tm3+. Os resultados são discutidos em termos do conteúdo de OH- presentes em cada conjunto das amostras, e em função da concentração Tm2O3. As propriedades radiativas foram analisadas usando a teoria de Judd Ofelt, e empregando os resultados experimentais e teóricos, foram avaliadas as eficiências quântica das luminescências (h) dos diversos níveis. Os resultados indicam que as amostras preparadas em atmosfera do N2, com um conteúdo de OH- menor, apresentam propriedades superiores do que aquelas preparadas em atmosfera ambiente. Entre estas propriedades destacamos a transmissão no infravermelho, a qual é 30% mais extensa, as intensidades de emissão são mais elevadas, e a diminuição dos efeitos de supressão da luminescência, caracterizando-os como materiais potenciais para a geração do laser alta potência, bem com conversão ascendente de energia eficiente. Também foram estudados os processos de transferência de energia, usando os modelos teóricos de Förster, Dexter e Miyakawa, calculando-se os parâmetros de transferência de energia. Os processos principais de transferência de energia analisados foram: migração da energia entre íons de Yb3+, transferência de energia entre íons Yb3+ e Tm3+, e interações com radicais OH-. Os resultados indicam que transferência de energia Yb-Tm favorece a emissão em 1800 nm, e não há nenhuma evidência da supressão da luminescência até concentração de 2% de Tm2O3. / This work presents a throughout near-infrared and visible spectroscopic characterization of two sets of Yb3+ and Tm3+ codoped sodium aluminophosphate glasses, prepared in nitrogen and ambient atmospheres. In these samples, the Yb3+ ions are employed as efficient sensitizers of 0.98 µm excitation, with subsequent energy transfer to Tm3+ ions. Results are discussed in terms of the inferred OH- content in each set of samples, and as a function of Tm2O3 concentration. Radiative properties are analyzed using Judd Ofelt theory, and by employing experimental and theoretical data, the fluorescence quantum efficiencies h of several levels are evaluated. Results indicate that samples prepared in N2 atmosphere, with lower OH- content, present superior properties than those prepared in ambient atmosphere. Among these properties are a 30% more extensive infrared transmission of the host matrix, higher emission intensities, and decreased quenching effects, characterizing them as potential materials for high power laser generation, as well as efficient upconversion. Also the energy transfer processes were studied, by using Förster, Dexter and Miyakawa theoretical models, the energy transfer parameters were calculated. The main ion-ion energy transfer processes analyzed were: energy migration among Yb3+ ions, energy transfer between Yb3+ and Tm3+ ions, and interactions with OH- radicals.The results indicated that Yb®Tm energy transfer favors 1.8 ?m emission, and there is no evidence of concentration quenching up to 2% Tm2O3 doping.

Este trabalho apresenta a caracterização espectroscópica de dois conjuntos de vidros sódio aluminofosfatos co-dopados com Yb3+ e Tm3+, na região do visível e infravermelho, preparados em atmosfera de nitrogênio e ambiente. Nestas amostras, os íons de Yb3+ são empregados como doadores eficientes, da excitação em 980nm, com transferência de energia subseqüente para os íons Tm3+. Os resultados são discutidos em termos do conteúdo de OH- presentes em cada conjunto das amostras, e em função da concentração Tm2O3. As propriedades radiativas foram analisadas usando a teoria de Judd Ofelt, e empregando os resultados experimentais e teóricos, foram avaliadas as eficiências quântica das luminescências (h) dos diversos níveis. Os resultados indicam que as amostras preparadas em atmosfera do N2, com um conteúdo de OH- menor, apresentam propriedades superiores do que aquelas preparadas em atmosfera ambiente. Entre estas propriedades destacamos a transmissão no infravermelho, a qual é 30% mais extensa, as intensidades de emissão são mais elevadas, e a diminuição dos efeitos de supressão da luminescência, caracterizando-os como materiais potenciais para a geração do laser alta potência, bem com conversão ascendente de energia eficiente. Também foram estudados os processos de transferência de energia, usando os modelos teóricos de Förster, Dexter e Miyakawa, calculando-se os parâmetros de transferência de energia. Os processos principais de transferência de energia analisados foram: migração da energia entre íons de Yb3+, transferência de energia entre íons Yb3+ e Tm3+, e interações com radicais OH-. Os resultados indicam que transferência de energia Yb-Tm favorece a emissão em 1800 nm, e não há nenhuma evidência da supressão da luminescência até concentração de 2% de Tm2O3. / This work presents a throughout near-infrared and visible spectroscopic characterization of two sets of Yb3+ and Tm3+ codoped sodium aluminophosphate glasses, prepared in nitrogen and ambient atmospheres. In these samples, the Yb3+ ions are employed as efficient sensitizers of 0.98 µm excitation, with subsequent energy transfer to Tm3+ ions. Results are discussed in terms of the inferred OH- content in each set of samples, and as a function of Tm2O3 concentration. Radiative properties are analyzed using Judd Ofelt theory, and by employing experimental and theoretical data, the fluorescence quantum efficiencies h of several levels are evaluated. Results indicate that samples prepared in N2 atmosphere, with lower OH- content, present superior properties than those prepared in ambient atmosphere. Among these properties are a 30% more extensive infrared transmission of the host matrix, higher emission intensities, and decreased quenching effects, characterizing them as potential materials for high power laser generation, as well as efficient upconversion. Also the energy transfer processes were studied, by using Förster, Dexter and Miyakawa theoretical models, the energy transfer parameters were calculated. The main ion-ion energy transfer processes analyzed were: energy migration among Yb3+ ions, energy transfer between Yb3+ and Tm3+ ions, and interactions with OH- radicals.The results indicated that Yb®Tm energy transfer favors 1.8 ?m emission, and there is no evidence of concentration quenching up to 2% Tm2O3 doping.

Mining has a long history as far as the existence of humans are concerned. Mining contributes to economic growth and can be a source of employment for many. Mining has been a source of revenue to most developing countries that are endowed with mineral and natural resources. These revenues come in the form of taxes, government shares, royalties, commitment to corporate social responsibility and foreign exchange earnings as a result of the exportation of minerals. When these benefits are managed carefully, economies can be transformed. Due to the immense benefits mining has on the economy and society, there is an over exploitation on environment leading to environmental degradation. The pollution associated with mining when not properly managed can result in an epidemic and the most affected are communities in which mining activities are predominant. The aim of this thesis is to assess the socio-economic impact of mining in Ghana, with reference to AGA and Obuasi municipality. The mode of data collection was mainly secondary and primary data. The secondary data was obtained from numerous governmental institutions and AGA. A brief questionnaire was administered and analyzed. The response to the questionnaire was close ended to enable easy interpretation. Availability of relevant data was a constraint and this caused delays in the writing of this thesis. Ghana holds large mineral reserves and its extractives sector has been dominated for centuries by mining. Gold is currently the most important of all the minerals mined, accounting for over 90 percent of mining sector revenue while the mining industry as a whole contributes about 47 percent of total exports (Ghana EITI reports summary), and up to 40 percent of revenue in some mining areas. Drawing conclusions from the research and the above statement, it can be said that Ghana's economy as it stands now cannot thrive without revenue from mining sector. There is therefore the need to invest in research and development in order to find alternatives since mining is a non-renewable resource. It was also observed that Obuasi cannot stand the test of sustainability during the closure of AGA. Therefore the need to explore alternate livelihoods apart from mining.