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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

The Preparation of theragnostic immunoliposomes/immunoniosomes and therapy of Parkinson's disease / La préparation de théragnostic immunoliposomes/immunoniosomes pour le diagnostic et thérapie de la maladie de Parkinson

Silindir Gunay, Mine 08 September 2016 (has links)
La maladie de Parkinson (MP) provient de la dégénérescence des cellules du locus nigerproduisant de la dopamine. La barrière hémato-encéphalique (BHE) est un véritable obstacle pour le traitement de la MP car elle empêche ou réduit le passage d’un grand nombre de substances pharmacologiques vers le cerveau. L’encapsulation de ces substances dans des liposomes ou des niosomes avant leur libération intra-cérébrale représente une alternative de choix en raison de la biocompatibilité, la biofragmentation, la non-toxicité et les capacités de ciblage de ces systèmes. A l’heure actuelle le traitement de la MP reste un défi, malgré l’existence de nombreux projets de recherche dans ce domaine. Notre hypothèse est que l’administration de pramipexoleencapsulé dans des liposomes et/ou des niosomes pourrait représenter une approche thérapeutique pertinente. Dans le cadre de la thèse, la caractérisation et la cinétique de diffusion des liposomes et niosomescontenant du pramipexole ont été réalisées. La validation de différentes formulations a été réalisée sur un modèle de BHE constitué de co-cultures cellulaires. Les effets du pramipexoleencapsulé dans des liposomes ou desniosomesont ensuite été étudiés dans un modèle de MP chez le rat obtenu par lésion de la voie dopaminergique nigro-striée à l’aide de 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Pour cela, nous avons évalué le comportement rotatoire induit par l’amphétamine et l’expression du transporteur de la dopamine (DAT) par autoradiographie quantitative chez des animaux lésés traités ou non par les nanocapsules. Toutes les formulations que nous avons réalisées ont montré une capacité d’encapsulation d’environ 10% pour une taille de 100 nm, avec une cinétique de dispersion compatible avec une utilisation in vivo. Dans notre modèle de co-culture cellulaire, nous avons déterminé que nos formulations permettent le franchissement de la BHE. Chez les animaux lésés à la 6-OHDA, la quantification du DAT indique que l’administration de pramipexole réduit l’intensité de la lésion, que la substance soit administrée seule ou encapsulée dans des niosomes. Ces travaux montrent l’intérêt potentiel de l’administration de principe actif encapsulé pour le traitement de la MP, et devront être poursuivis afin d’optimiser cette approche thérapeutique, notamment au niveau des doses. / Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is degeneration of dopamine producing cells in substantia nigra. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a strong obstacle in PD therapy. More penetration and accumulation in the target tissue can be obtained by preventing RES uptake via “stealth effect”. Liposomes and niosomes are the promising systems for being biodegredable, bioavailable, non-toxic and targetable. Although CNS disorders are the first to endorse at their research in the diagnosis and therapy with several framework projects in Europe and over the world, there is still a huge gap in CNS drug delivery and the success of PD therapy. Although different studies have performed with pramipexole, evaluation of penetration and antiparkinsonian effect of pramipexole encapsulated liposomes and niosomes has never been studied before. Among this thesis, nanosized, polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated, neutral and positively charged, pramipexole encapsulated liposomes and noisomes were formulated, characterized and release kinetics of the systems were evaluated. In vitro penetration of all formulations was evaluated in BBB cell co-culture model. Therapeutic efficacy of neutral, pramipexole encapsulated liposomes and niosomes were evaluated in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rats by rotometer test and autoradiography. All formulations have approximately 10% encapsulation efficiency, around 100 nm particle sizes and fitted to first-order release kinetics. All formulations were found BBB permeable at in vitro cell culture studies. Nanosized, neutral niosomes designated similar but slightly better effect than pramipexole solution in autoradiograhy studies in 6-OHDA lesioned rats. This pramipexole dose is approximately 9 times lesser doses applied with conventional pramipexole tablets for humans in Neurology clinics. Nanosized, pramipexole encapsulated, neutral niosomes showed potential PD therapeutic effect in PD animal model depending on non-ionic surfactant properties of niosomes. / Uzm. Ecz. Mine Silindir Gunay, Parkinson Hastalığı’nın Teşhis ve Tedavisi İçin Kullanılacak Nanoboyutlu Teragnostik İmmünolipozom/İmmunoniozomlar Üzerine İn Vitro İn Vivo Çalışmalar, Hacettepe Üniversitesi – François Rabelais de Tours University, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Radyofarmasi Programı, UMR Inserm U 930, Ekip 3, Moleküler Görüntüleme ve Beyin Programı, Doktora Tezi, Ankara-Tours, 2016. Parkinson Hastalığı (PH) substantia nigra’daki dopamin üreten hücrelerin dejenerasyonundan kaynaklanmaktadır. Kan-beyin bariyeri (KBB) PH’nın tedavisinin önünde kuvvetli bir engeldir. Hedef dokudaki yüksek penetrasyon ve tutulum “stealth etki” ile RES tutulumunun engellenmesi ile sağlanabilir. Lipozom ve niozomlar biyoparçalanırlıkları, biyouyumlulukları, non-toksik ve hedeflendirilebilir olmaları nedeniyle en çok tercih edilen sistemlerdendir. Santral sinir sistemi hastalıklarının araştırılması Avrupa ve tüm dünyada yapılan pekçok çerçeve projelerinde ilk sırada olmasına rağmen, halen beyne ilaç taşınması ve PH’nin tedavi başarısı konusunda büyük boşluklar bulunmaktadır. Pramipeksol ile pek çok çalışma yapılmasına karşılık, bizim çalışmamız pramipeksol enkapsüle edilmiş lipozom ve niozomların beyin penetrasyonunun ve antiparkinson etkisinin değerlendirilmesi konusunda yenidir. Tez kapsamında, nanoboyutlu, PEG kaplı, nötral ve pozitif yüklü lipozom ve niozomların formüle edilmiş, karakterizasyon ve salım kinetikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm formülasyonların KBB geçirgenliği, hücre KBB ko-kültürü çalışmalarında incelenmiştir. Nötral, pramipeksol enkapsüle edilen lipozom ve niozomların tedavi etkinliği in vivo olarak 6-hidroksidopamin (6-OHDA) ile lezyon yapılarak PH modeli oluşturulan sıçanlarda rotametre ve otoradyografi çalışmaları ile incelenmiştir. Tüm formülasyonlar yaklaşık %10 enkapsülasyon etkinliği ve 100 nm civarında partikül boyutu dağılımı ve birinci derece salım kinetiği göstermiştir. Hücre kültürü çalışmalarında, tüm formülasyonların KBB’nden penetre olabildiği saptamıştır. 6-OHDA lezyonlu sıçanlarda Parkinson hastalığının tedavisinde nanoboyutlu, nötral, pramipeksol enkapsüle edilen niozomlar, aynı dozdaki pramipeksol çözeltisi ile benzer hatta biraz daha iyi sonuçlar göstermiştir. Bu doz Nöroloji kliniklerinde Parkinson tedavisinde rutin olarak kullanılan konvansiyonel pramipeksol tabletlerindeki dozun yaklaşık olarak 9 kat düşük dozlarıdır. Nanoboyutlu, pramipeksol enkapsüle edilen, nötral niozomlar, niozomların non-iyonik sürfaktan özellikleri nedeniyle PH modeli sıçanlarda potansiyel bir antiparkinson terapötik etki göstermiştir.
42

TARGET-DIRECTED BIOSYNTHETIC EVOLUTION: REDIRECTING PLANT EVOLUTION TO GENOMICALLY OPTIMIZE A PLANT’S PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE

Brown, Dustin Paul 01 January 2015 (has links)
The dissertation describes a novel method for plant drug discovery based on mutation and selection of plant cells. Despite the industry focus on chemical synthesis, plants remain a source of potent and complex bioactive metabolites. Many of these have evolved as defensive compounds targeted on key proteins in the CNS of herbivorous insects, for example the insect dopamine transporter (DAT). Because of homology with the human DAT protein some of these metabolites have high abuse potential, but others may be valuable in treating drug dependence. This dissertation redirects the evolution of a native Lobelia species toward metabolites with greater activity at this therapeutic target, i.e. the human DAT. This was achieved by expressing the human DAT protein in transgenic plant cells and selecting gain-of-function mutants for survival on medium containing a neurotoxin that is accumulated by the human DAT. This created a sub-population of mutants with increased DAT inhibitory activity. Some of the active metabolites in these mutants are novel (i.e. not detectable in wild-type cells). Others are cytoprotective, and also protect DAergic neurons against the neurotoxin. This provides proof-of-concept for a novel plant drug discovery platform, which is applicable to many different therapeutic target proteins and plant species.

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