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Public transportation is important for urban development. It Must perform tasks interms of quality. Public transport services influencing many factors quality. For the transport company, it is important to define these factors and then these factors follow. Transport companies define standards of quality, their use offers a quality service that passengers expect. The character of public transportation and primarily functionality and efficiency greatly affect the quality of life of the population, respectively passengers. The goal of this taskis not only to analyze the current situation, but especially to suggest some optimization of the state, in the sense just to meet requirements and expectations of passengers. Finishing this optimization is conditional on economic efficiency, technical conditions and backgrounds, so they were within the proposed optimization takes into account these factors. Overall, in the context of optimizing it is a need to meet very specific groups of passengers, such as the elderly and children, as well as adjust the location and nearby bus stops and accessible by public transportation strategic points in the area (hospitals, schools, shopping centers). The task at least it draws attention to the major shortcomings in this sphere and the goal to propose possible solutions.

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The aim of this thesis is to investigate, optimize and suggest new routes to the sales representative of the company ELIOD service, s.r.o. who travels around the entrusted business partners through the Pilsen and Karlovy Vary Region. There are many possible routes´ variations in such a large entrusted region, how gradually go round the customers and take into consideration the requirements for frequency of visiting them. From this point of view, the selection of optimal routes must be done very carefully to a sales representative ran the minimum kilometers and his ride was effective in fuel consumption and in time savings as well as. To optimize the routes it will be used the methods of multiple-routes traveling salesman problem, i.e. Mayer's method and then finally computer program TSPKOSA - branch and bound method, which is the optimal method for solving problems of such magnitude. In the literature review will be presented methods for solving the transport problems. The case study will be performed by using the methods that are mentioned in the literature review and they will solve the given problem in a practical way. From the description of the company and its specific needs, requirements for the sales representative through using the methods for given problem up to achievement of optimized calculations and the best option of the resulting circuit

The thesis is about a transport Infrastructure payments in the selected transport branches of the Republic of Belarus. The first part is about a general description of the transport infrastructure of the country that connects the European countries with the Russian Federation and the Baltic States. Focus on the actual state, quality, development of the infrastructure. The second part - the description of the methods and tools of payment. In connection with a progressive development of road infrastructure and different methods of payment more attention is given to this type of communication. There are several systems of road payment in the world. The first method is based on the principle of time, such as vignettes. Another method is payment before road use (Toll). The first method is not working in Belarus, so the work described the second method. The last part of the thesis is about the payment on the certain types of transport infrastructure in Belarus. Focus on such transport types as rail and road transport, also made attention to the air and river transport.

The number of traffic accidents is still increasing also due to the increasing number of cars moving on roads. As a result, car manufacturers are made to pay attention to safety more and more. Nowadays they do not deal only with the front seats area but they began focusin on the back seat area, too. The aim of this work was to create a summary of elements of the passive safety and of regulations connected with the back seat area. Practical part is dedicated to statistics and testing of biomechanical criteria of child dummies during crash tests using various elements of the passive safety. The aim was to clarify their influence on protection of occupants in a car during the crash.