Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-109).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. Directed by W. James Frederick, Jr. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-196).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Johns Hopkins University. / Biographical note. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.) in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology--University of Maine, 2001. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-83).

As Haegeman and Zanuttini (1996:117) discuss, when two negative elements are present in a specific syntactic domain, two possible situations may arise: "(i) the two negative elements may cancel each other out, or (ii) the two elements may contribute, together, one single instance of negation". The former 'negation cancellation' is referred to as Double Negation and can be exemplified in the standard English sentence 'I didn't say nothing', meaning 'I said something'. In many languages, traditionally known as Negative Concord languages, we can find the second scenario, where two or more negative elements can co-occur in the same sentence without applying the 'negation cancellation' rule. The most common example of the Negative Concord phenomenon consists of a sentential negation (NEG) co-occurring with a negative word. This is shown in Spanish examples such as "Juan no llamó a nadie" (literally: 'Juan didn't call nobody') meaning 'John didn't call anybody'. Another less common type of exception occurs when two sentential negations (NEG+NEG) are phonologically realized in the same sentence. This phenomenon is traditionally known as Discontinuous Negation. The following example is from Bukusu (Bell, 2004): Peter SEalaba akula sitabu TA 'Peter will NOT be buying a book (NOT)'. The language I examined in this dissertation, Vernacular Brazilian Portuguese, can combine both types of Negative Concord cases in the same sentence, as we see in the example "Não ligou ninguém não (literally: 'Nobody didn't call not') meaning 'Nobody called'". Another unique characteristic of this variety that distinguishes it from the rest of the Romance languages is the optional deletion of the preverbal NEG. Though the post- verbal negative words require a preverbal negation, working as their licensor, the use of the post-sentential NEG makes the example "Ligou ningum não 'Nobody called'" grammatically correct. The main purpose of my dissertation is to present a different approach to what has been traditionally seen as the Negative Concord and Discontinuous Negation. These two complex negation phenomena stem from the same syntactic source, as they are two versions of the same syntactic derivation. Based on data from Vernacular Brazilian Portuguese, I demonstrate that there is no "concord" or "discontinuity" relationship between the negative elements in "Não ligou ninguém não", since there is only one negative item in the sentence: the pre-verbal NEG não. / text

Beatrice / Sam Rivers -- Pent-up house / Sonny Rollins -- Everything I love / Cole porter -- Darn that dream / Jimmy van Heusen -- Django / John Lewis -- Laverne walk / Oscar Pettiford. / text

Human placental villi are covered by a layer of trophoblast epithelia in direct contact with maternal blood, which exist in a constant steady-state of turnover and renewal ensuring both maternal and fetal health. The process of trophoblast turnover involves proliferation, differentiation and fusion of cytotrophoblast cells to form a terminally differentiated outer syncytiotrophoblast layer which functions as the active transport compartment between mother and fetus. Alterations in the balance between these three processes are thought to diminish both the structural and functional integrity of the syncytiotrophoblast, potentially leading to placental insufficiency associated with severe complications of pregnancy such as pre-eclampsia (PET), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Placentas from early (<32 weeks) and late-onset (>33 weeks) pregnancies complicated by PET, IUGR, SIDS and gestational age-matched controls were systematically uniform randomly sampled to assess the morphological basis of placental villous structure and trophoblast turnover (villi, cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast, apoptotic syncytial knots) using unbiased stereological techniques (volumes and numbers). Villous cytotrophoblast proliferation was assessed using double immunohistochemistry for Ki67 and cytokeratin 7 (CK-7). Severe early-onset IUGR placentas (n=5) were smaller displaying significant reductions in the total number of CT cells, within which the density of proliferating CT was further reduced by 50%. Syncytiotrophoblast volume and number was significantly reduced with an increase in apoptotic syncytial knots. Late-onset IUGR placentas (n=4) also displayed significant reductions in the total number of CT and proliferating CT, but were not associated with changes in the density of proliferating CT. SCT numbers were significantly reduced with an increase in apoptotic knots. Placentas from severe early-onset PET (n=11) were similar to preterm controls, except for a significant increase in apoptotic syncytial knots. However, late-onset PET (n=6) displayed a significant decrease in total CT number, the percentage of which undergoing proliferation was significantly increased for structural villi. There were increased numbers of apoptotic syncytial knots in peripheral villi.

Village / Josef Butts -- Waltz for M / Josef Butts -- Time remembered / Bill Evans -- Like Kenny / Josef Butts -- So long, Eric / Charles Mingus / text

The effects of gravity modulation on the instability of double-diffusive convections in a horizontal tank with aspect ratio (width/height) of 11 have been investigated by experiments and numerical simulations. The stably stratified fluid layer is set up with ethanol-water solution of 0.0 and 2.0% (by weight). The tank is fixed on a platform that can oscillate in the vertical direction. A constant temperature difference is maintained across the tank at thermal Rayleigh number . The fluid layer becomes unstable as the initially stable solute gradient slowly decreases due to the non-diffusive boundary conditions. The experiments determine that the instability onset under steady gravity is at with onset vortices of wavelength and oscillatory frequency . When the tank is oscillated at modulation frequency and amplitude , the fluid layer is destabilized slightly with a critical and onset vortices of and . A two-dimensional numerical simulation has accurately reproduced the experimental results of steady gravity, and demonstrated that the slight destability effect of gravity modulation is contributed by the asymmetry of the actual gravity modulation.Further simulations have yielded following results: (1) Under steady gravity, the kinetic energy and mechanical work components oscillate synchronously with . Under modulated gravity, they only oscillate synchronously with when is low, whereas not only synchronously with locally but also synchronously with globally when is high; (2) The resonance phenomenon predicted by Chen (2001) also exists under the present lab conditions. Such instability is in the sub-harmonic mode and the destability effect increases as increases. (3) The double-diffusive fluid layer may experience density-mode instability before the double-diffusive instability onset at certain and . Such density-mode instability is generally in the sub-harmonic mode, although it may be in the synchronous mode when is low and is large. This instability accelerates the mixing of the density gradient across the fluid layer and thus affects the succeeding double-diffusive instability; (4) When the background gravity is absent, the purely modulated gravity destabilizes the fluid layer when is low. On the contrary, it stabilizes the fluid layer when is high and the instability onset is in the synchronous mode.

In this thesis a consistent multipole theory is used to describe light propagation in nonabsorbing magnetic cubic and uniaxial crystals to the order of electric octopoles and magnetic quadrupoles. The first chapter extends Maxwell's equations for a vacuum to their macroscopic form in matter by including bound-source contributions as multipole expansions. From these the corresponding forms for D and H are obtained, which ensure origin-independence of Maxwell's equations. A multipole eigenyalue equation describing light propagation in a source-free homogeneous medium is then derived, which is the basic equation applied in this thesis. In the second chapter it is shown how, from the multipolar form of the propagation equation for transverse waves, expressions can be derived for the various birefringences that may be exhibited in macroscopic platelets of the medium, as introduced by Jones in the formulation of his M-matrix. The following chapter presents the derivation, by means of first-order perturbation theory, of the quantum mechanical expressions for the polarizability tensors which enter the eigenvalue wave equation. The origin independence of the expressions for the various observable quantities is then established. In the fourth chapter the independent components of the polarizability tensors are calculated for two selected crystal point groups, namely 622 and 432, by way of illustration. In chapter five the components calculated in the manner illustrated in the previous chapter are presented in tabular form. The Jones method outlined in chapter two is then applied to the crystal point group 6m2, again as an illustration of the method used to determine the optical effects displayed by this point group. Chapter five concludes with a table containing a listing of the predicted optical effects calculated in this way for all of the magnetic uniaxial and cubic point groups. The thesis concludes with chapter six, in which a summary of the results of the work undertaken is given, together with a discussion of factors influencing measurements of the predicted optical effects. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1997.