The aim of the paper is to discuss how the enterprise chooses its optimal location of the affiliate when its exports to the foreign market are subject to a high tariff rate. We want to know whether the enterprise chooses a third country, which is subject to a lower tariff, and sets an affiliate in there. Because the model contains the multinational enterprise, we take the transfer pricing into consideration. Assume that the factory will not be established on the foreign market, we show that the enterprise would like to move the factory to the third country then export to the market. Furthermore, when the headquarter moves to the third country, it will induce the decrease of the tax revenue of the host country. Then, we try to discuss how the governments¡¦ tax policy affects the tax revenue. Assume the enterprise moves its factory to the third country where selects the double taxation. We show that when the government chooses a looser tax policy, then it will have more opportunity to receive more tax revenue.

A study of double-variable-curvature microlenses (DVCM) for promoting coupling efficiency between the high-power 980-nm pumping laser diodes and the single-mode fibers has been proposed. In comparison with the previous works on asymmetric fiber microlenses fabricated by the multi-step processes with complicated fabrication, the advantages of the DVCM structure for achieving high coupling are a single-step fabrication, a reproducible process, and a high-yield output. In the fusing procedure, the slight arc fusion was mainly applied for fine polishing merely instead of reshaping for the reason that the fabricated double-variable-curvature fiber endface (DVCFE) was very close to the ideal shape. Hence, the fabrication time was reduced and the yield was promoted due to the withdrawn step of tip elimination. In this study, the geometric center of the fiber was defined through, the cladding diameter and the core diameter, for comparison to measure the offset. The offset measured by the core diameter was more accurate and coincidence with the coupling efficiency in the experiment. In the fabricated 45 DVCMs, to achieve the average coupling efficiencies higher than 84%, the offsets were ought to be controlled in merely less than 0.6£gm with the curvature radii in the minor axis ranged from 2.4 to 2.9£gm (with tolerance of 0.5£gm). Alternatively, the offsets were ought to be controlled in less than 0.3£gm though the curvature radii in the minor axis ranged from 2.4 to 3.7£gm (with larger tolerance of 1.3£gm). However, it was more difficult to control over the offsets than the curvature radii in the minor axis while fabricating the DVCMs. In conclusion, to achieve higher yield, it was relatively practical to control the offsets of fiber microlenses to be less than 0.6£gm with 2.4 to 2.9£gm curvature radius. As a result, the coupling efficiencies were all higher than 80%.

In nanometer technologies, process variation control and low power have emerged as the first order design goal after high performance. Process variations cause high variability in performance and power consumption of an IC, which affects the overall yield. Short channel effects (SCEs) deteriorate the MOSFET performance and lead to higher leakage power. Double gate devices suppress SCEs and are potential candidates for replacing Bulk technology in nanometer nodes. Threshold voltage control in planar asymmetric double gate transistor (IGFET) using a fourth terminal provides an effective means of combating process variations and low power design. In this thesis, using various case studies, we analyzed the suitability of IGFET for variation control and low power design. We also performed an extensive comparison between IGFET and Bulk for reducing variability, improving yield and leakage power reduction using power gating. We also proposed a new circuit topology for IGFET, which on average shows 33.8 percent lower leakage and 34.9 percent lower area at the cost of 2.8 percent increase in total active mode power, for basic logic gates. Finally, we showed a technique for reducing leakage of minimum sized devices designed using new circuit topology for IGFET.

In this thesis, we present two e cent algorithms to compute shortest path between pair of vertices in directed and undirected double-loop networks. The algorithm for undirected double-loop networks is based on the concept "packed basis" proposed by Janez Zerrovnik and Toma z Pisanski. With O(logN) preprocessing time, both algorithms need only constant time to compute the shortest path between any pair of vertices in the network. This is an improvement of the best known algorithm, which needs O(l) time, where l is the length of the path in the directed double-loop networks. These algo- rithms are useful in message routing in the double-loop networks. Once the network has been constructed, the parameters for computing the shortest paths can be computed. At the time a message is to be delivered, the algo- rithm needs only constant time to determine which edge the message should be sent.

Double-enveloping reducer is widely used in the industry due to its high transmission torque and high accuracy. The screw theory and the rigid-body transformation method are introduced and applied in this thesis to the determination of the worm surface. The equation of the worm surface is derived by the two methods based on different geometries of cutting tools (conical cutter and fly cutter). According to the Standards of American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA6030 C-87), the size and the shape of the cutters can be determined to conform the worm offset surface. Moreover, a measuring system is set up with a CMM (coordinate measuring machine) to measure and record the center point of the touch probe when it contacts with the surface of the double-enveloping worm. Finally, comparisons of measured results with different theoretical worm offset surfaces obtained from two types of cutting tools are made in this study. Geometric errors of the measured worm offset surface shows that the worm used in this thesis was machined by cutters with a conical form.

Fe(II)-based degradative solidification/stabilization (Fe(II)-DS/S) technology is the modification of conventional solidification/stabilization (S/S). Inorganic pollutants are immobilized by Fe(II)-DS/S while organic pollutants are destroyed. Experimental studies were conducted to identify the active agents for Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) degradation as well as the conditions that enhance the formation of the active agents in the Fe(II)-DS/S system. PCE was chosen as a model chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon in this study. First, the conditions that lead to maximizing production of the active agents were identified by measuring the ability of various chemical mixtures to degrade PCE. Results showed that Fe(II), Fe(III), Ca, and Cl were the the important elements that affect degradation activity. Elemental compositions of the mixtures and the conditions affecting solid formation might be the important factors in determining how active solids are formed. Second, instrumental analyses (XRD, SEM, SEM-EDS) were used to identify minerals in chemical mixtures that have high activities. Results indicate that active agents for PCE degradation in Portland cement slurries and in cement extracts might be one of several AFm phases. However, systems without cement did not form the same solids as those with cement or cement extract. Ferrous hydroxide was identified as a major solid phase formed in systems without cement. Finally, the effect of using different types of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) on PCE degradation rate during Fe(II)-DS/S was examined and the solids were examined by instrumental analyses (XRD, SEM, SEM-EDS). Four different OPC (Txi, Lehigh, Quikrete, and Capitol) showed different PCE degradation behaviors. Pseudo first-order kinetics was observed for Capitol and Txi OPC and second-order kinetics was observed for Quikrete. In the case of Lehigh cement, pseudo first-order kinetics was observed in cement slurry and second-order kinetics in cement extract. Calcium aluminum hydroxide hydrates dominated solids made with Txi, Quikrete, and Lehigh cements and Friedel’s salt was the major phase found in solids made with Capitol cements. Fe tended to be associated with hexagonal thin plate particles, which were supposed to be a LDH.

Minor actinides represent the long-term radiotoxicity of nuclear wastes. As one of their potential incineration options, partitioning and transmutation in fission reactors are seriously considered worldwide. If implemented, these technologies could also be a source of nuclear fuel materials required for sustainability of nuclear energy. The objective of this research was to evaluate performance characteristics of Very High Temperature Reactors (VHTRs) and their variations due to configuration adjustments targeting achievability of spectral variations. The development of realistic whole-core 3D VHTR models and their benchmarking against experimental data was an inherent part of the research effort. Although the performance analysis was primarily focused on prismatic core configurations, 3D pebble-bed core models were also created and analyzed. The whole-core 3D models representing the prismatic block and pebble-bed cores were created for use with the SCALE 5.0 code system. Each of the models required the Dancoff correction factor to be externally calculated. The code system DANCOFF-MCThe whole-core/system 3D models with multi-heterogeneity treatments were validated by the benchmark problems. Obtained results are in agreement with the available High Temperature Test Reactor data. Preliminary analyses of actinide-fueled VHTR configurations have indicated promising performance characteristics. Utilization of minor actinides as a fuel component would facilitate development of new fuel cycles and support sustainability of a fuel source for nuclear energy assuring future operation of Generation IV nuclear energy systems. was utilized to perform the Dancoff factor calculations.

¡@¡@Lewis Carroll in his Alice¡¦s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass creates in two journeys of dreams a singular space-time, in which the non-sense words, paradoxical conversations, anti-causality events, disordered time and labyrinthine space are permeated. It is, beyond doubt, a space-time of Virtual. Thus, Virtuality is the point of the thesis, and the Dream is the initial of Virtuality. The author attempts to reflect the thinking-gesture that Carroll ever develops in terms of Writing(form) and Dream (content). ¡@¡@First, Alice¡¦s story as a virtual text, demonstrates the Dream by the special language¡Xin particular Carroll¡¦s answerless riddles, the portmanteau words with meaning-implosion, and the homophones which show the displacement of sense¡Xto attack the representation of thought, allowing us to see the impotence of designation in language. Dream, functioning as the absolute difference of actuality, will not possibly be the sameness of actuality. The dream is thus not the permutation of the experience of actuality, even though they may be similar or mirrors of each other. However, this is not a representation of actuality, but a demonstration of repetition. If not, it will be mere actual, not virtual. For Carroll, Dream is a virtual field that coexists with actuality, and both virtuality and actuality should be regarded as absolute Difference, with respective reality. ¡@¡@Moreover, Alice¡¦s adventure, with its un-sequential events¡Xas the plot ¡§murdered time¡¨ in story suggests¡Xcreates a time without its chronological flowing, but a time suspended. The time is on the one hand a moment that suspensive, and is a most intensive instant on the other hand, where all the forces encounter, resonate and emit at this ultimate second. Thus, the Dream becomes a purely intensive world, and Alice is the continuum of intensities which constitutes by dynamically linked events. Plus, through the differentiating and repetition of the Dream, Alice¡¦s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass folds another book with the same title, a Double of eternal absent in actuality¡Xthe shine of virtual names by Lewis Carroll thus emerges.

¡@¡@The countershaft transmission is a device connected between engine and driving wheel for transferring power. This device can provide variable gear ratios to maintain engine speed in certain operating range and is well applied for vehicle transmission systems for its high performance. In this thesis, the systematic design methodology for dual-clutch countershaft automatic transmission (DCT) is proposed. This methodology can provide a systematic design procedure for the gear box prototype, number of teeth, computer-aid program and preliminary layout. First, the fundamentals and gear-shifting operations for DCT are illustrated to establish the design requirements. Secondly, 12 kinds and 8 kinds for 7-speed DCT prototype are synthesized for the gear mechanism with FR type and FF type respectively. Then, according to both FR and FF types, calculate the proper number of teeth for ideal gear ratio and build the computer-aided calculating interface. Finally, the preliminary layouts of the above prototypes and number of teeth are built by CAD models. The result of this research will be beneficial for further newly DCT designs.

Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften--Hagen--Fernuniversität, 2004.