A pesquisa organizada em quatro partes a partir do sistema de planejamento denominado Dragon Dreaming teve como objetivo a elaboração de um modelo de diretrizes para o desenvolvimento de ecovilas urbanas que possam ser utilizadas como opção para a transformação de bairros existentes ou a criação de novos assentamentos urbanos sustentáveis. Para isso foram abordados aspectos teóricos, visitas técnicas e participação em eventos sobre o tema que, a partir de métodos colaborativos, fundamentaram o processo de criação e implantação de um estudo de caso denominado Ecovila Urbana Sta. Margarida no município de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, como parte experimental da pesquisa. A parte I SONHO apresenta as aspirações individuais que, expressas de forma teórica na pesquisa, estabelecem o referencial coletivo incluindo os conceitos do termo Ecovila e das Dimensões da Sustentabilidade; a parte II PLANEJAMENTO foi estruturada para adequar a teoria ao ambiente referente à parte experimental da pesquisa a partir de estratégias e alternativas; a parte III REALIZAÇÃO apresenta os conceitos e ideias viáveis e possíveis de serem postos em prática a partir da consolidação do projeto da Ecovila Sta. Margarida e dos resultados não previstos; e a parte IV CELEBRAÇÃO estabelece o fechamento do ciclo acrescentando, a partir da prática, uma nova experiência, possibilitando a reprodução do experimento e da pesquisa ampliando, desta forma, a rede de ecovilas e consequentemente a qualidade de vida. Os elementos e sistemas fundamentados na Permacultura e Avaliação de Ciclo Fechado previstos para a constituição da Ecovila Sta. Margarida, em processo de aprovação pelos órgãos públicos, que complementam a legislação urbana, levando-se em conta as normas da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas - ABNT, caracterizam o assentamento como uma Ecovila e formam as diretrizes pretendidas organizadas em formato de um projeto de Lei Municipal, criando parâmetros para o planejamento, avaliação e aprovação de novas ecovilas. / This research, organized into four parts, based on a planning system called Dragon Dreaming, aims at creating a guideline model for the development of urban ecovillages. This model can be used as an option for transforming existing neighborhoods or creating new sustainable urban settlements. For that, technical visits, participation in events on the subject, and addressing theoretical aspects led to collaborative methods, that substantiated the process of creating and implementing a case study called Santa Margarida Urban Ecovillage in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, as part of the experimental research. Part I, DREAM, presents individual aspirations that, expressed theoretically in the research, establish the collective reference that include the concepts of the term \"ecovillage\" and the Dimensions of Sustainability; Part II, PLANNING, was structured to ensure suitability between theory and environment as presented in the experimental part of the research and was based on strategies and alternatives; Part II, PLANNING, was structured to ensure that the theory was adequate to the environment, as presented in the experimental part of the research and based on strategies and alternatives; Part III, ACHIEVEMENT, presents feasible concepts, as experienced in the consolidation of the project Santa Margarida Ecovillage, in which unanticipated results were also considered and, Part IV CELEBRATION establishes the closing of the cycle, and, based on practice, adds a new experience, that enables future reproduction of the experiment and the research, thus contributing to the expansion of ecovillage networks and consequently the quality of life. The elements and systems based on the Permaculture and Evaluation of Closed Cycle planned for the creation of the Santa Margarida Ecovillage (today undergoing government approval procedures) complement the urban legislation, that takes into account the regulations established by the Brazilian Association for Technical Standards - ABNT, characterize the settlement as an ecovillage and constitute guidelines in a format of Municipal Law project, thereby creating parameters for planning, assessment and approval of new ecovillages.

Arguably the most popular current theories of dreaming are the functional theories, including the emotional adaptation or problem-solving theory. These theories revolve around the idea that dreams may serve an independent adaptive function, helping us to adjust to, cope with, or resolve emotionally difficult life circumstances, problems and concerns. Contrary to these theories, other researchers have argued that dreams may have no function of their own, but are an epiphenomenon of REM sleep. The cognitive theories of dreaming suggest that dream content is continuous with waking concerns and preoccupations, and that dreaming about waking concerns is not adaptive but reflective, in a similar way that waking thought or daydreaming is reflective, of what is uppermost in the mind of the dreamer. A relatively small body of research (e.g., Barrett, 1993; Cartwright, 1991; Kramer, 1993) relating to individuals who have experienced major stressful life events, is often cited as support for the theory that dreams serve the specific function of helping us to adjust or adapt to current events. Until recently, this body of work has gone largely unexamined and unreplicated, though some have questioned the findings and their implications for the function of dreaming. The research presented in this thesis examined whether dream content reflects a process of adjustment in people who had recently experienced a marital separation, by investigating the relationship between their dream content in relation to measures of adjustment over time. In Study 1, 97 recently separated participants and 93 married controls were tested on personality and coping factors, asked to answer questions about their dream content, and then monitored over 12 months for change in their adjustment. In Study 2, a subset of 42 separated participants kept dream logs for a period of four weeks. Their dream reports were subjected to a qualitative analysis of thematic content, including threat and threat mastery, and analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between threat content, mastery and adjustment. In Study 3, a subset of eight Study 2 participants participated in a case study analysis which investigated contextual information about their individual situations in relation to their dream content and adjustment, in order to explore, in a more detailed way, the relationship between dream themes, adjustment, and waking concerns. Study 4 was designed to compare the findings of the previous studies with a separate sample, using three different methodologies for the collection of dream content data. This study was carried out to replicate the previous studies with the addition of a laboratory-based data collection technique. In Study 4, 18 separated participants spent one night in the sleep laboratory, monitored with a Nightcap, which allowed dream data to be collected from them via questionnaires, dream logs, and REM awakenings. Across all of the studies, and regardless of the method used to measure dream recall and content, there was a significant concurrent relationship between better adjustment and fewer dreams relating to participants’ marital situations. Those with the most distress were the same ones who were dreaming excessively about their separation. These findings suggest that dreams are continuous with waking preoccupation, and do not function to aid adjustment. As such, they did not support the functional adaptation theories of dreaming. The findings were more consistent with the cognitive theories of dreaming, including the theory that dreams have meaning, but no independent function of their own. A significant relationship was, however, found between ego strength, coping style and adjustment, highlighting the greater influence of internal personal resources in adjusting to difficult life circumstances. While these findings do not discount the suggestion that individuals derive significant personal meaning from their dreams, nor the possibility that dreams may reflect something of the function of REM sleep, they do suggest that “adaptationist” assumptions of functional theories of dreaming may be unfounded.

A pesquisa organizada em quatro partes a partir do sistema de planejamento denominado Dragon Dreaming teve como objetivo a elaboração de um modelo de diretrizes para o desenvolvimento de ecovilas urbanas que possam ser utilizadas como opção para a transformação de bairros existentes ou a criação de novos assentamentos urbanos sustentáveis. Para isso foram abordados aspectos teóricos, visitas técnicas e participação em eventos sobre o tema que, a partir de métodos colaborativos, fundamentaram o processo de criação e implantação de um estudo de caso denominado Ecovila Urbana Sta. Margarida no município de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, como parte experimental da pesquisa. A parte I SONHO apresenta as aspirações individuais que, expressas de forma teórica na pesquisa, estabelecem o referencial coletivo incluindo os conceitos do termo Ecovila e das Dimensões da Sustentabilidade; a parte II PLANEJAMENTO foi estruturada para adequar a teoria ao ambiente referente à parte experimental da pesquisa a partir de estratégias e alternativas; a parte III REALIZAÇÃO apresenta os conceitos e ideias viáveis e possíveis de serem postos em prática a partir da consolidação do projeto da Ecovila Sta. Margarida e dos resultados não previstos; e a parte IV CELEBRAÇÃO estabelece o fechamento do ciclo acrescentando, a partir da prática, uma nova experiência, possibilitando a reprodução do experimento e da pesquisa ampliando, desta forma, a rede de ecovilas e consequentemente a qualidade de vida. Os elementos e sistemas fundamentados na Permacultura e Avaliação de Ciclo Fechado previstos para a constituição da Ecovila Sta. Margarida, em processo de aprovação pelos órgãos públicos, que complementam a legislação urbana, levando-se em conta as normas da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas - ABNT, caracterizam o assentamento como uma Ecovila e formam as diretrizes pretendidas organizadas em formato de um projeto de Lei Municipal, criando parâmetros para o planejamento, avaliação e aprovação de novas ecovilas. / This research, organized into four parts, based on a planning system called Dragon Dreaming, aims at creating a guideline model for the development of urban ecovillages. This model can be used as an option for transforming existing neighborhoods or creating new sustainable urban settlements. For that, technical visits, participation in events on the subject, and addressing theoretical aspects led to collaborative methods, that substantiated the process of creating and implementing a case study called Santa Margarida Urban Ecovillage in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, as part of the experimental research. Part I, DREAM, presents individual aspirations that, expressed theoretically in the research, establish the collective reference that include the concepts of the term \"ecovillage\" and the Dimensions of Sustainability; Part II, PLANNING, was structured to ensure suitability between theory and environment as presented in the experimental part of the research and was based on strategies and alternatives; Part II, PLANNING, was structured to ensure that the theory was adequate to the environment, as presented in the experimental part of the research and based on strategies and alternatives; Part III, ACHIEVEMENT, presents feasible concepts, as experienced in the consolidation of the project Santa Margarida Ecovillage, in which unanticipated results were also considered and, Part IV CELEBRATION establishes the closing of the cycle, and, based on practice, adds a new experience, that enables future reproduction of the experiment and the research, thus contributing to the expansion of ecovillage networks and consequently the quality of life. The elements and systems based on the Permaculture and Evaluation of Closed Cycle planned for the creation of the Santa Margarida Ecovillage (today undergoing government approval procedures) complement the urban legislation, that takes into account the regulations established by the Brazilian Association for Technical Standards - ABNT, characterize the settlement as an ecovillage and constitute guidelines in a format of Municipal Law project, thereby creating parameters for planning, assessment and approval of new ecovillages.

This study springs from my experience of what I term ‘narrative fracture', a life-hiatus or crisis that derails one's current life pattern and self-identity. It examines the nature of this phenomenon and its possible roots in early infancy and childhood. Three therapeutic modalities: dreams, psychotherapy and autobiographical writing, which were instrumental towards resolution of that narrative fracture for me, are then explored. The study uses first person heuristic methodology because my own experience, and ongoing process towards resolution, lies at the heart of the research. It also, as part of that methodology, draws on the experience of three ‘textual co-researchers' as recorded in their autobiographical writings. Each of the segments of the study, narrative fracture, roots of narrative fracture, and modalities towards resolution, are interrogated from three directions: my autobiographical narrative relating to that segment, and extracts from the other authors' texts of theirs, then examination of these in light of the relevant theory, and finally a reflexive review made of the findings, following thus a pattern, identified by Michelle Davies, of a narrative ‘voice', an interpretive ‘voice' and an unconscious ‘voice'. Most traumatic for me at narrative fracture was loss of self-identity and erupting internal chaos. Psychoanalyst/interpersonal theorist Karen Horney's theories around the formation of a ‘false self' and the related palliative measures of addiction and controlling are my foremost source of understanding here. To discover how self-identity is formed and can potentially be impeded, the mother-baby relationship, the issue of attachment, and the crucial involvement of the body in the infant developmental matrix are explored, principally through the works of Donald Winnicott and John Bowlby; and the related development of ‘affect-regulation' and ‘mentalization' through Peter Fonagy's breakthrough work. Ulric Neisser and Jerome Bruner's theories bring further understanding of development of the self and the socially constructed elements of self-identity. In the process towards ‘reconstruction' Donald Kalsched's theory of the crucial necessity of ‘re-traumatization' is foregrounded, and the study holds this in mind during exploration of the three therapeutic modalities. Neuroscience and brain research also inform this exploration, and a common denominator is found between the three therapeutic modalities via Ernest Hartmann's notion of a ‘continuum' of modes of mental functioning. It is established that the REM programming and reprogramming state, and input from unconscious mental processing are increasingly at work as we operate at the ‘creative'/'dreaming' end of this continuum, and that here psychotherapy, autobiographical writing and dreaming are all shown to be located. Four key points emerge in understanding the impact of these three modalities on healing narrative fracture: the centrality of the relational; the emotions as ‘linchpin'; the power of pattern, metaphor and image; and the potency of the sleeping brain. With its personal accounts, and the new syntheses made between aspects of the different academic fields it mines, this study offers a new perspective on the nature, and lifelong consequences, of early childhood development. It is envisaged that this will provide valuable insight to the burgeoning numbers of quantitative researchers now recognising the need for first person input to their third person research, and to those who are professionally involved in the care of others, as well as to related policy-makers.

This thesis recognises the great significance of 'walkabout' as a major trading tradition whereby the Dreaming paths and songlines formed major ceremonial routes along which goods and knowledge flowed. These became the trade routes that criss-crossed Australia and transported religion and cultural values. The thesis also highlights the valuable contribution Aboriginal people made in assisting the European explorers, surveyors, and stockmen to open the country for colonisation, and it explores the interface between Aboriginal possession of the Australian continent and European colonisation and appropriation. Instead of positing a radical disjunction between cultural competencies 'before' and 'after', the thesis considers how European colonisation of Australia (as with other colonial settings) appropriated Aboriginal competence in terms of the landscape: by tapping into culinary and medicinal knowledge, water and resource knowledge, hunting, food collecting and path-finding. As a consequence of this assistance, Aboriginal Dreaming tracks and trading paths also became the routes and roads of colonisers. This dissertation seeks to reinstate Aboriginal people into the historical landscape of Australia. From its beginnings as a footnote in Australian history, Aboriginal society, culture, and history has moved into the preamble, but it is now time to inscribe Aboriginal people firmly in the body of Australian history.

This work is a linguistically based historical ethnography of the mammal species of the Flinders Ranges, South Australia, from pre-European times to the present day. The research was motivated by linguistic evidence in the Adnyamathanha people's language, Yura Ngawarla, for the recent existence of a number of mammals in the Flinders Ranges region. The work aims firstly to identify each species represented by those language terms and to discover the identity of other species also present in the past 200 years. Secondly, it aims to present an exhaustive ethnography of mammals for that region. This work is essentially cross-disciplinary, with research extending into the often overlapping fields of linguistics, anthropology, archaeology, applied science, historical zoology and history. Comparative linguistics, oral tradition, historical records, scientific data and sub-fossil material are used to identify the species present at European occupation and their role in traditional Aboriginal life, and in passing, to establish the former existence and distribution of those species throughout the region of the two South Australian gulfs. An inventory of extant and extinct Flinders Ranges species is established. Linguistic, ethnographic, zoological and historical data are used to estimate when species extinction occurred, and what may (or may not) have been the main factors involved. A significant outcome of this work is the documentation of a part of Aboriginal knowledge which itself was on the verge of extinction, and the affirmation of well attested Aboriginal oral tradition as an authentic 'authoritative source'. Conclusion: Prior to European occupation the Flinders Ranges had a rich mammalian fauna comprising around 60 native species. These played a significant part in Aboriginal people's diet, manufacturing industry and cultural and spiritual life. By the end of the first half century of European occupation or soon after around two thirds of the terrestrial species had vanished. The effect of these events on Aboriginal people's ability to survive in their own territory was devastating and irreversible.

<p>The present study set out to test some of the predictions made by the Threat Simulation Theory, which suggests an evolutionary source of dreaming (Revonsuo, 2000a). The qualitative content and frequency of threatening events in dreams were compared between traumatized Swedish subjects with experience of the tsunami-disaster in Southeast Asia in 2004 with Swedish subjects with no traumatic experiences. Only a few of the hypotheses were supported by the results. The results and unsupported hypotheses are discussed with focus on the Threat Simulation Theory, and alternative explanations are considered.</p>

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The objectives of this study were to explore (a) the relationships between dream reflective awareness and different types of impactful dreams, (b) the relationships between waking reflective awareness and dream reflective awareness following loss and trauma, and (c) the self-transformative potential of reflective awareness within dreams. We conducted a 2 (loss/trauma experiences) X 3 (timeframe: within the preceding 6 months, within the preceding 6-24 months, within the preceding 3-7 years) cross-sectional study to examine reflective awareness within impactful dreams and the changes in subsequent waking reflective awareness. The major results suggested that (a) only transcendent dreams were highly related to explicit dream lucidity (i.e., lucid mindfulness); (b) a continuity between pre-dream waking mindfulness and intra-dream self-awareness was specific to mundane dreams; (c) the experiences of loss or trauma and the timeframe of such experiences both predicted depersonalization within dreams; and (d) depersonalization within dreams was predictive of subsequent decreases in waking mindfulness. In sum, the present study replicated prior studies of the self-transformative effects of impactful dreams, demonstrated the continuity between dreaming and waking reflective awareness, and clarified the ways in which reflective awareness within dreams may affect post-traumatic growth.

The present study set out to test some of the predictions made by the Threat Simulation Theory, which suggests an evolutionary source of dreaming (Revonsuo, 2000a). The qualitative content and frequency of threatening events in dreams were compared between traumatized Swedish subjects with experience of the tsunami-disaster in Southeast Asia in 2004 with Swedish subjects with no traumatic experiences. Only a few of the hypotheses were supported by the results. The results and unsupported hypotheses are discussed with focus on the Threat Simulation Theory, and alternative explanations are considered.