O objetivo geral deste trabalho é propor um instrumento de avaliação do nível de habilidades técnicas ofensivas do basquetebol para atletas e escolares de 10 a 11 anos. A mostra do estudo é de 64 meninos, dentre eles, 48 são escolares e 16 são atletas de basquetebol. Os testes propostos passaram primeiramente por um processo de validação de conteúdo, sendo considerado como válido, e posteriormente por uma validação de construto, através do método de grupos diferenciados, ao qual também teve os critérios atendidos. As habilidades técnicas a serem avaliadas são: drible, passe e arremesso. A reprodutibilidade dos testes foram avaliadas através de coeficientes de correlação intra-classe e correlação de alpha de Cronbach.Na verificação da objetividade foi utilizado também correlações intra-classe e alpha de Cronbach. Foi analisado a assimetria (skewness) e o achatamento (kurtosis) da curva. O teste de Shapiro Wilk foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade dos dados dos atletas. Foi utilizado um nível de significância de 5% para todas as análises. Para o estabelecimento de critérios de seleção em escolares a metodologia utilizada foi a técnica multivariada da Análise da Função Discriminante. Os resultados apresentados em relação a objetividade foram expressos através de alphas de Cronbach de 0,97. A reprodutibilidade dos dados de arremesso apresentou um aplha Cronbach de 0,88. Sobre os dados de passe a reprodutibilidade manifestou um alpha de 0,83, enquanto no drible foi de 0,96. Quanto ao estabelecimento de critérios de performance através da análise da função discriminante, demonstrou que todas a as variáveis utilizadas na equação entre elas, passe, drible e arremesso, tem poder de discriminar atletas e escolares. / The overall aim of this work isto propose a tool for assessing lhe level of technichal skills for offensive basketaball athletes and schollchildren of 10 to 11 years. The sample is 64 childrens, amog them, 48 are scholars and 16 are basketball players. The proposed tests passed first trough a process of content validation, being considered as valid, and later by a construct validation, through the method of differentiated groups, which had also met the criteria. The technichal skills to be assessed are dribbling, passing and shooting. The reliability of tests were evaluated using intra class correlation coefficients and Cronbach’s alpha correlation. On verification of intra evaluator reliability was also used intra-class correlations and Cronbach’s alpha. We analyzed the simetry (skewness) and flatenning (kurtosis) of the curve. The Shapiro Wilk test was used to verify the normality of the data of athletes. We used a significance level of 5% for all analyzes. To estabilish selection criteria in students the methodology used was the technique of multivariate analysis is discriminant function analysis. The results presented in relation to objectivity were expressed by Cronbach’s alphas of 0.97. The reproducibility of the data presented a shooting Cronbach alpha of 0.88. About the passing, the reproducibility showed na alpha of 0.83, while the dribbling was used discriminant function analysis and the result was shown that all variables used in this model, including, passing, dribbling and shooting has power to discriminate school athletes.

O objetivo geral deste trabalho é propor um instrumento de avaliação do nível de habilidades técnicas ofensivas do basquetebol para atletas e escolares de 10 a 11 anos. A mostra do estudo é de 64 meninos, dentre eles, 48 são escolares e 16 são atletas de basquetebol. Os testes propostos passaram primeiramente por um processo de validação de conteúdo, sendo considerado como válido, e posteriormente por uma validação de construto, através do método de grupos diferenciados, ao qual também teve os critérios atendidos. As habilidades técnicas a serem avaliadas são: drible, passe e arremesso. A reprodutibilidade dos testes foram avaliadas através de coeficientes de correlação intra-classe e correlação de alpha de Cronbach.Na verificação da objetividade foi utilizado também correlações intra-classe e alpha de Cronbach. Foi analisado a assimetria (skewness) e o achatamento (kurtosis) da curva. O teste de Shapiro Wilk foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade dos dados dos atletas. Foi utilizado um nível de significância de 5% para todas as análises. Para o estabelecimento de critérios de seleção em escolares a metodologia utilizada foi a técnica multivariada da Análise da Função Discriminante. Os resultados apresentados em relação a objetividade foram expressos através de alphas de Cronbach de 0,97. A reprodutibilidade dos dados de arremesso apresentou um aplha Cronbach de 0,88. Sobre os dados de passe a reprodutibilidade manifestou um alpha de 0,83, enquanto no drible foi de 0,96. Quanto ao estabelecimento de critérios de performance através da análise da função discriminante, demonstrou que todas a as variáveis utilizadas na equação entre elas, passe, drible e arremesso, tem poder de discriminar atletas e escolares. / The overall aim of this work isto propose a tool for assessing lhe level of technichal skills for offensive basketaball athletes and schollchildren of 10 to 11 years. The sample is 64 childrens, amog them, 48 are scholars and 16 are basketball players. The proposed tests passed first trough a process of content validation, being considered as valid, and later by a construct validation, through the method of differentiated groups, which had also met the criteria. The technichal skills to be assessed are dribbling, passing and shooting. The reliability of tests were evaluated using intra class correlation coefficients and Cronbach’s alpha correlation. On verification of intra evaluator reliability was also used intra-class correlations and Cronbach’s alpha. We analyzed the simetry (skewness) and flatenning (kurtosis) of the curve. The Shapiro Wilk test was used to verify the normality of the data of athletes. We used a significance level of 5% for all analyzes. To estabilish selection criteria in students the methodology used was the technique of multivariate analysis is discriminant function analysis. The results presented in relation to objectivity were expressed by Cronbach’s alphas of 0.97. The reproducibility of the data presented a shooting Cronbach alpha of 0.88. About the passing, the reproducibility showed na alpha of 0.83, while the dribbling was used discriminant function analysis and the result was shown that all variables used in this model, including, passing, dribbling and shooting has power to discriminate school athletes.

O objetivo geral deste trabalho é propor um instrumento de avaliação do nível de habilidades técnicas ofensivas do basquetebol para atletas e escolares de 10 a 11 anos. A mostra do estudo é de 64 meninos, dentre eles, 48 são escolares e 16 são atletas de basquetebol. Os testes propostos passaram primeiramente por um processo de validação de conteúdo, sendo considerado como válido, e posteriormente por uma validação de construto, através do método de grupos diferenciados, ao qual também teve os critérios atendidos. As habilidades técnicas a serem avaliadas são: drible, passe e arremesso. A reprodutibilidade dos testes foram avaliadas através de coeficientes de correlação intra-classe e correlação de alpha de Cronbach.Na verificação da objetividade foi utilizado também correlações intra-classe e alpha de Cronbach. Foi analisado a assimetria (skewness) e o achatamento (kurtosis) da curva. O teste de Shapiro Wilk foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade dos dados dos atletas. Foi utilizado um nível de significância de 5% para todas as análises. Para o estabelecimento de critérios de seleção em escolares a metodologia utilizada foi a técnica multivariada da Análise da Função Discriminante. Os resultados apresentados em relação a objetividade foram expressos através de alphas de Cronbach de 0,97. A reprodutibilidade dos dados de arremesso apresentou um aplha Cronbach de 0,88. Sobre os dados de passe a reprodutibilidade manifestou um alpha de 0,83, enquanto no drible foi de 0,96. Quanto ao estabelecimento de critérios de performance através da análise da função discriminante, demonstrou que todas a as variáveis utilizadas na equação entre elas, passe, drible e arremesso, tem poder de discriminar atletas e escolares. / The overall aim of this work isto propose a tool for assessing lhe level of technichal skills for offensive basketaball athletes and schollchildren of 10 to 11 years. The sample is 64 childrens, amog them, 48 are scholars and 16 are basketball players. The proposed tests passed first trough a process of content validation, being considered as valid, and later by a construct validation, through the method of differentiated groups, which had also met the criteria. The technichal skills to be assessed are dribbling, passing and shooting. The reliability of tests were evaluated using intra class correlation coefficients and Cronbach’s alpha correlation. On verification of intra evaluator reliability was also used intra-class correlations and Cronbach’s alpha. We analyzed the simetry (skewness) and flatenning (kurtosis) of the curve. The Shapiro Wilk test was used to verify the normality of the data of athletes. We used a significance level of 5% for all analyzes. To estabilish selection criteria in students the methodology used was the technique of multivariate analysis is discriminant function analysis. The results presented in relation to objectivity were expressed by Cronbach’s alphas of 0.97. The reproducibility of the data presented a shooting Cronbach alpha of 0.88. About the passing, the reproducibility showed na alpha of 0.83, while the dribbling was used discriminant function analysis and the result was shown that all variables used in this model, including, passing, dribbling and shooting has power to discriminate school athletes.

This thesis on Teaching basketball in physical education classes in primary schools deals with mapping the conditions for teaching basketball at five elementary schools and, furthermore, it deals with finding the level of basketball skills of the pupils. The aim of this thesis, based on research, is to find out whether it is possible for elementary school pupils to significantly improve in their basketball skills during physical education classes and whether such an improvement can arouse their deeper interest in this sport.The theoretical part focuses on the explanation and clarification of the basic terms and characteristics of the age group of 6 - 11 year old pupils. The research part describes the tests which were selected based on consultation with basketball experts. Additionally, it describes the conditions under which testing of pupils was undertaken. Finally, in the tables with written explanation, it shows the test results of the individual pupils and schools. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Name: Assessment of individual game performance in football players U10 Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to analyse the success rate of the chosen playing skills in competitive matches in the U10 category in football. Methods: The researched group was made of fifteen individuals, including two goalkeepers, with the average age 10 years, ± 0,5 year. The individuals were observed and evaluated in five matches. The method of analysis was used to gather the data. The data were taken down by the scale system and written into the recording sheet. Three football skills were chosen for the research - pass, dribbling past the opponent, and ball reception. Nonparametric coefficient r was used for the determination of material significance of the differences. Results: Much higher success rate of the pass was discovered on the defensive half in comparison to the attacking half (85,84 % vs. 72,37 %; r = 0,83). Dribbling past the opponent was more frequent on the attacking half in comparison to the defensive half (28,37 vs. 21,67; coefficient r = 0,78), however, there was not any significant difference in the success on the attacking half in comparison to the defensive half (57,39 % vs. 53,39 %; coefficient r = 0,27). Player's passes were more successful compared to their dribbling-past-the-opponent skill...

Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The RoboCup offers a research platform to advance robotics and multi-robot cooperation in dynamic environments. This project builds on work previously done to develop a research platform for multi-robot cooperation at Stellenbosch University. This thesis describes the development of an active ball handling system for a robot in the RoboCup Small Size League (SSL). This was achieved by building on the work done in the previous projects. The hardware for the kicker and dribbler mechanisms on the robot were implemented and tested to characterise their capabilities. The kicker was characterised to control the speed at which a ball is kicked and the dribbler for optimal control over a ball. More accurate movement was required and the Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) controllers for translational and rotational movement on the robot were improved. The test results show an improvement in straight line trajectory tracking when compared to those of the previous controllers. Dribble control sensors were implemented on the robot for successful dribbling by the robot. This resulted in a significant improvement to the dribbling ability of the robot when these sensors are used. This dribbling ability was compared to the dribbling ability of the robot when no feedback was received from the sensors. Lastly a proposed curved trajectory tracking algorithm was tested by combining translational and rotational movement of the robot. This algorithm showed the capabilities of the robot to follow a curved trajectory with the improved translational and rotational controllers. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die RoboCup bied ’n navorsingsplatvorm om robotika en multi-robot samewerking in ’n dinamiese omgewing te bevorder. Hierdie projek bou voort op werk wat reeds gedoen is om ’n navorsingsplatvorm vir multi-robot samewerking aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch te ontwikkel. Hierdie tesis beskryf die ontwikkeling van ’n aktiewe balhanteringsstelsel vir ’n robot in die RoboCup Klein Liga (KL). Dit is bereik deur voort te bou op die werk wat in vorige projekte gedoen is. Die hardeware vir die skopper- en dribbelmeganismes is geïmplementeer en getoets om hulle vermoëns te karakteriseer. Die skopper is gekenmerk deur die spoed waarteen ’n bal geskop word en die dribbler vir optimale beheer oor ’n bal. Meer akkurate beweging was nodig en die PID-beheerders vir translasie- en rotasiebeweging in die robot is verbeter. Die resultate van die toetse toon ’n verbetering in reguitlynbeweging in vergelyking met dié van die vorige beheerders. Dribbelbeheersensors is in die robot geïmplementeer vir suksesvolle dribbelbeweging deur die robot. Gevolglik is daar ’n aansienlike verbetering in die dribbelvermoë van die robot wanneer hierdie sensors gebruik word. Hierdie dribbelvermoë is vergelyk met die dribbelvermoë wanneer die robot geen terugvoer van die sensors ontvang nie. Laastens is ’n voorgestelde algoritme vir die robot om ’n geboë trajek te volg, getoets. Dit is bereik deur die translasie- en die rotasiebeweging van die robot te kombineer. Hierdie algoritme het die vermoë van die robot om ’n geboë baan te laat volg deur gebruik te maak van die verbeterde translasie- en rotasiebeheerders.