There is extensive evidence indicating that teenaged drivers are over-represented in automobile crashes. Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for 15-20 year olds, accounting for over 40% of all fatalities for this age group. Although teen drivers account for only 6.3% of the driving population, they account for 14% of all traffic fatalities (TSF, 2004). Currently there is a lack of continuous and naturalistic data in the field of teenaged driving. The purpose of this study was to obtain continuous performance data from a naturalistic setting by equipping the personal vehicles of newly licensed teenaged drivers with a data collection system for the first six months of driving. Specifically, this study examined the eye scanning patterns of newly licensed teenaged drivers and experienced parent drivers on straight road segment. This study provides insight into the development and change of eye-glance behaviors over the first six months of driving, the differences between novice teenaged drivers and experienced parent drivers, and how passenger presence affects eye scanning patterns. Results from this study found significant differences between novice teenaged drivers and experienced adult drivers. The results showed that teenaged drivers had much shorter glance durations away from the forward roadway and allocated a higher percentage of their glances to locations that were considered driving-related when compared to the experienced adult group. Results from the study also showed when one passenger was present in the vehicle teenaged drivers tended to have a higher percentage of time spent with their eyes off of the forward roadway. / Master of Science

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Texas, Aug., 2009. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

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This study investigates the relationships between planning strategies on how to avoid future DWI arrest and actual DWI recidivism for a group of problem and non-problem drinkers. A sample of 75 individuals who were arrested for DWI and completed a DWI training program in 1987 was gathered.

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À l'heure actuelle, le deux-roues motorisé (DRM) constitue un moyen de transport de plus en plus convoité, notamment pour les possibilités qu'il offre d'esquiver les engorgements de trafic. Ce constat est justifié par le nombre de DRM circulant quotidiennement et impliquant un trafic de plus en plus croissant. Néanmoins, ce phénomène conduit à l'explosion du nombre d’accidents et par conséquent un grand nombre de victimes classant ainsi, les DRM dans la catégorie des modes de transport particulièrement dangereux et ses utilisateurs dans celle des usagers très vulnérables. A première vue, le développement des aides à la conduite actives pourrait résoudre le problème de contrôlabilité du véhicule mais cette solution n'est plus envisageable dès lors qu'il s'agit de pertes de contrôle irréversibles qui constituent, par ailleurs un pourcentage très important des accidents de DRM en tant que véhicule seul. En effet, ce type de système intervient, alors que le véhicule se trouve déjà dans une situation dégradée. De plus, l’adaptabilité des aides actives sur les véhicules à deux roues motorisés reste problématique. Actuellement, l'accent est mis sur le développement des systèmes de sécurité prévenant le conducteur de DRM suffisamment en amont d'un danger pour éviter la situation conflictuelle, c'est le cas des aides préventives. Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans ce cadre et y contribue au niveau de la modélisation, l'identification, l'estimation d'état, l'analyse de la dynamique limite et la mise en place d'une plate-forme expérimentale. Ainsi, plusieurs points ont été traités: Modélisation du système Véhicule-Infrastructure-Conducteur (V-I-C). Développement d’observateurs pour l’estimation des variables d’états et des entrées inconnues. Mise en place d’un modèle vitesse limite, servant de référence pour l’unité d’avertissement, qui tient compte de plusieurs critères (dynamique du véhicule, comportement du conducteur, géométrie de la route). Identification d'un modèle mathématique propre au véhicule prototype (Scooter). Mise en place d’une plate-forme expérimentale qui s'articule autour de l'instrumentation d'un scooter par un ensemble de capteurs et centrale d'enregistrement. / Nowadays, the use of Powered Two Wheeled (PTW) vehicles is constantly growing, upsetting driving practices and road traffic. Unfortunately, this expansion is also inflected by an important increase of motorcycle's fatalities (20 times higher when driving a car). Recent statistics confirm this observation and consider riders as the most vulnerable road users. In 2010, the French Agency of Road Safety made a finding of around 1000 deaths (25% of traffic fatalities), while the traffic proportion of motorcycles does not exceed 1%. Several research programs are launched to answer this issue and to find solutions in term of preventive and / or active security systems. At first sight, the development of active driving assistance could solve the problem of motorcycle's controllability. The safety systems are not enough or efficient when situations are irreversible. Example of poor cornering which is responsible for most bike accidents involving single-vehicle motorcycle crashes. Indeed, this type of system occurs while the vehicle is still in a degraded situation. In addition, the adaptability of active assistance of PTW vehicles remains dangerous. Currently, the focus is on the development of safety systems warning riders sufficiently before hazardous situations.The present PhD thesis aims into this framework and gives several contributions in terms of: modeling, identification, state estimation and study of dynamic limit applied to an experimental benchmark. Thus, several points were studied: Modeling of System Driver-Vehicle-Infrastructure (D-V-I). Development of observers to estimate the state variables and unknown inputs. Establishment of a model of limit speed, as a reference for the unity of warning, which takes into account several criteria (vehicle dynamics, driver behavior, road geometry). Identification of a mathematical model specific to the prototype vehicle (Scooter). Establishment of an experimental platform which is based on the instrumentation of a Scooter with a set of sensors and central registration.