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This is an ethnographic description and investigation of life on a Scottish council estate. It is based on five unemployed one-parent life histories focusing on their experiences, knowledge and emotions in and around a local community centre. The study's expressed focal point is the Gentleman Robber community centre, within the hardtown community in the city of Dundee. The study touches on locally important representations and key issues such as: work, morality, boredom, kinship, spatiality and violence. At the tables in the community centre, the local narrative montage often focused on the enjoyment of violence or the negative marginal stigmatism faced, while, for example, collecting one's social benefits or attending the local doctor. It reflected a dichotomy of Us/Them relations linked to a local fragmentation of identity and issues of deservingness. I found that in a daily emphasis of their own exclusion the Hardtowners often voiced a feeling and embodiment of opposition through local story telling. It is a fragmented and stressful everyday life, with individual skill and network connections deciding individual status in the community. Links and networks last for as long as they are deemed useful and flexibility in trading, cooperation, networking and violence is one of the local guiding lights for success. The ethnographic narrative is described though a fragmented, contextually faithful discourse, with cinematic influences. This imparts a slice of daily experientialism found in the fragmented and stressful lives of the individuals born into and living on benefit in a Western European welfare society.

The research outlined in this thesis is a comparative investigation of the views and selfdefinitions of small-scale hospitality providers who operate their business concerns in two Scottish urban settings. It deals specifically with owner-occupied businesses. This characteristic serves to define a key focus of the research, in that it is essentially concerned with the small-scale guest house which functions as both a home and a business for its owner. In this thesis, the self-definitions and images of these proprietors are explored through the medium of the in-depth research interview, and consequently analysed from the resulting textual interview data. The nature of the research questions call for a qualitative research enquiry to provide the depth necessary to enable interpretations to be drawn which are emergent and grounded in the data. It adopts a phenomenologically-driven research perspective, using a symbolic interactionist conceptual framework upon which the methodology draws. This research is necessarily context-driven as, in order to understand fully the nature of this group, it is important to consider the context in which these proprietors operate. In this study, the two Scottish urban locations of Inverness and Dundee, as part of the wider Scottish tourism spectrum are taken as the contextual parameters of the research. Background research to this enquiry therefore pays necessary attention to the sociohistorical Scottish tourism setting, with specific focus on these locations. This functions as the contextual background against which the owner-occupiers of these small hospitality businesses must be placed. This also serves to provide an overall framework for the development of the theoretical perspectives and research methodologies which direct the research process.

The thesis begins by discussing the process of urbanisation in nineteenth-century Scotland, the nature of urban social problems and housing as an urban issue. However, the major concern of the research has been to examine how most people consumed housing in Dundee between 1868 and 1919, a period when the dominant form of provision - private landlordism - underwent crisis. A major time-slice has been taken for Dundee in 1911, using the valuation rolls, allowing the tenure pattern to be mapped and the pattern of ownership and management to be analysed. Tensions arising from the landlord-tenant relationship and tenure distinctions are highlighted, including the missive system, evictions and the rent crises of 1912 and 1915. Local government activity has been examined, especially the powers vested in local officials and the actions they took, particularly in the way this affected landlords, factors and tenants. The nature and form of slum crusades as a response to the perceived, failure of the urban environment is discussed. The changes in policy, which led to the first state-aided council, housing scheme in Scotland, have been researched. Finally the thesis turns to living space and examines the connections between women, planning and the home. Overall the thesis is intended to be a major contribution to the social history and social geography of Dundee.

This thesis argues for a dualistic, epistemological, framework for the study of legitimacy which recognises the different ways it might be understood to exist, and as such be managed, within organisations. It is based on an ethnography of a Scottish professional theatre, Dundee Rep, undertaken over a 30 month period. The research adopts a social constructionist ontology and an epistemological framework based on the knowing that / knowing how framework of Gilbert Ryle to present three accounts of the legitimacy of the theatre – as belonging, becoming and integrated- and to challenge the notion implicit in the organisation studies literature that legitimacy is treated (and should be treated) as a belonging by organisations. The proposed integrated epistemological framing of legitimacy explains how notions of legitimacy as an emergent, negotiated perception and as a competitive resource possessed are both crucial to developing an integrated understanding of how legitimacy is produced at the organisational level.

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<p> The Middle Devonian Dundee Limestones of Southwestern Ontario accumulated in the Michigan and Appalachian Basins, with deposition in part being controlled by the proximity to the Findlay and Algonquin arches. Six lithofacies were recognized in the Dundee Formation during detailed core and outcrop studies . Stratigraphic relations indicate that, prior to deposition of Dundee carbonates, a major regression exposed underlying Detroit River sediments adjacent to the arches. Subsequent transgression deposited reworked sands and shallow shelf, bioclastic limestones in most areas of the adjoining basins while in westernmost regions of the Appalachian Basin Columbus Formation sediments were accumulating adjacent to the Findlay Arch. </p> <p> Transgression became interrupted during middle Dundee time and a thick unit of lagoonal muds was deposited in the Appalachian Basin. A regionally well-developed firmground capping these mudstones indicates that a significant episode of non-deposition ensued. The equivalents of these muds in the Michigan Basin are pulses of coarse, reworked grainstones and rudstones indicating that substrates there were shallower and above wave base. Evidence of subsequent renewed transgression is preserved as middle to outer shelf moderately fossiliferous mudstones and wackestones overlying shallow shelf facies. </p> <p> Many friends, too many to mention here, made my stay at McMaster an enjoyable one. Mac wouldn't have been the same without the numerous challenges and imaginative adventures in which these people were always willing to participate. Francois Brissette, Bruce Willmer, Randy Meecham, Stu Miller, Steve Beneteau and other members of the Rockbusters Football and Aureoles Baseball teams provided continuous entertainment both on and off of the sports field. Their dedication and light-hearted approach allowed me to maintain a respectable degree of sanity throughout my studies. </p> <p> Finally, I would like to thank my family for their continual assistance, encouragement and support provided during the pursuit of my academic endeavours. </p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)