Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-141) Also available in print.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1999. / Bibliography: leaves 68-73.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. / Ute Fischer, Committee Member ; Jerry R. Duncan, Committee Member ; Gregory Corso, Committee Member ; Wendy A. Rogers, Committee Member ; Arthur D. Fisk, Committee Chair.

Th. doct. - ing.--Phys. des gaz et des plasmas--Grenoble 1, 1979. N°: 119.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-10-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:38:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 neves_dr_me_araiq.pdf: 1981084 bytes, checksum: 865cb404889acf20e4c3ed4fe5b2320e (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A espectrometria de massa com plasma acoplado indutivamente empregando interface de reação/colisão (CRI-ICP-MS) foi avaliada para determinação simultânea de Al, Ba, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Si, V e Zn em etanol combustível. Para as análises, amostras de etanol combustível foram diluídas vinte vezes de modo a conter 1% v/v de ácido nítrico e 10 μg L-1 Y utilizado como padrão interno. As calibrações foram feitas por ajuste de matriz utilizando etanol P.A.. Como gás de reação/colisão utilizou-se o hidrogênio e como gases auxiliares foram utilizados argônio e oxigênio. A CRI foi fundamental para a determinação da maioria dos analitos, principalmente Fe, Cr, Si e Mg. A escolha da melhor vazão do gás e a otimização dos parâmetros instrumentais foram estudadas utilizando soluções etanólicas contendo 10 μg L-1 dos analitos. Os limites de detecção para 27Al, 138Ba, 59Co,63Cu, 55Mn, 98Mo, 23Na, 58Ni, 208Pb, 121Sb, 51V e 64Zn em etanol por CRI-ICP-MS utilizando 20 mL min-1 de H2 no skimmer foram 0,2; 0,1; 0,005; 0,3; 0,02; 0,05; 0,8 0,2; 0,01; 0,1; 0,4 e 0,3 μg L-1, respectivamente. Os limites de detecção para 52Cr, 56Fe, 24Mg, 28Si em etanol utilizando 60 mL min-1 de H2 no skimmer foram 0,2; 0,1; 0,2 e 13,9 μg L-1. A validação do método foi feita por meio de testes de adição e recuperação dos analitos. Os intervalos de recuperação encontrados para 27Al, 138Ba, 59Co, 63Cu, 55Mn, 98Mo, 23Na, 58Ni, 208Pb, 121Sb, 51V, 64Zn, 52Cr, 56Fe, 24Mg, 28Si se apresentaram entre 78 e 114% / The use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with collision/reaction interface (CRI) was evaluated for simultaneous determination of Al, Ba, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Si, V e Zn in ethanol fuel. Samples were diluted 1:20 v/v in a solution containing 1% v/v nitric acid and 10 μg L-1 Y used as internal standard. For all elements the instrument was operated in CRI-ICP-MS mode. The use of CRI was mandatory for Fe, Cr, Si e Mg. Hydrogen was evaluated as the reaction/collision gas and argon and oxygen were used as auxiliary gas. Selection of best reaction gas flow rate and optimization of the instrumental parameters were carried out using ethanolic solutions containing analytes at 10 μg L-1. Limits of detection for 27Al, 138Ba, 59Co, 63Cu, 55Mn, 98Mo, 23Na, 58Ni, 208Pb, 121Sb, 51V e 64Zn in ethanol fuel by CRI-ICP-MS using 20 mL min-1 H2 in the skimmer cone 0.2; 0.1; 0.005; 0.3; 0.02; 0.05; 0.8; 0.2; 0.01; 0.1; 0.4 and 0.3 μg L-1, respectively. The detection limits for 52Cr, 56Fe, 24Mg, 28Si using 60 mL min-1 H2 in the skimmer cone were respectively 0.2; 0.1; 0.2 and 13.9 μg L-1. Method validation was accomplished by the addition and recovery studies. Recoveries found for 27Al, 138Ba, 59Co, 63Cu, 55Mn, 98Mo, 23Na, 58Ni, 208Pb, 121Sb, 51V e 64Zn, 52Cr, 56Fe, 24Mg, 28Si were within the 78 - 114% interval

This thesis proposes the methodology and guidelines for community-based macro-level CPM transferability to do road safety planning applications, with models developed in one spatial-temporal region being capable of used in a different spatial-temporal region. In doing this. the macro-level CPMs developed for the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) by Lovegrove and Sayed (2006, 2007) was used in a model transferability study. Using those models from GVRD and data from Central Okanagan Regional District (CORD), in the Province of British Columbia. Canada. a transferability test has been conducted that involved recalibration of the 1996 GVRD models to Kelowna, in 2003 context. The case study was carried out in three parts. First, macro-level CPMs for the City of Kelowna were developed using 2003 data following the research by GVRD CPM development and use. Next, the 1996 GVRD models were recalibrated to see whether they could yield reliable prediction of the safety estimates for Kelowna, in 2003 context. Finally, a comparison between the results of Kelowna’s own developed models and the transferred models was conducted to determine which models yielded better results. The results of the transferability study revealed that macro-level CPM transferability was possible and no more complicated than micro-level CPM transferability. To facilitate the development of reliable community-based, macro-level collision prediction models, it was recommended that CPMs be transferred rather than developed from scratch whenever and wherever communities lack sufficient data of adequate quality. Therefore, the transferability guidelines in this research, together with their application in the case studies, have been offered as a contribution towards model transferability to do road safety planning applications, with models developed in one spatial-temporal region being capable of used in a different spatial-temporal region. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Civil Engineering, Department of / Graduate

Le broyage réalisé dans un broyeur à billes agité est un procédé permettant de produire des nanoparticules en suspension dense. L’étude réalisée a pour objet l’analyse de l’influence de l’hydrodynamique sur le processus de réduction de taille. La première partie de l’étude a porté sur la modélisation de l'hydrodynamique globale dans ce broyeur en considérant un fluide équivalent de propriétés rhéologiques variables, représentant le mélange des billes de broyage et de la suspension à broyer. Les champs de vitesse, obtenus par simulation numérique directe (DNS), ont permis de déterminer une cartographie des collisions avec leurs caractéristiques et d'en déduire les mécanismes responsables de la fragmentation. A partir de la connaissance des vitesses d'impact et des nombres de Reynolds caractéristiques des collisions dans le broyeur, un dispositif expérimental a été conçu reproduisant, à plus grande échelle, le rapprochement d'une bille de broyage mobile vers une bille fixe. Les profils de vitesse de drainage ont été mesurés par vélocimétrie par image de particules (PIV) sous différentes conditions expérimentales et différentes configurations d'impact. Ces mesures ont permis de calculer les trajectoires de particules fictives dans l'entrefer entre les sphères et d'estimer une efficacité de capture des particules. On observe qu'une augmentation des effets d'inertie de ces particules, en agissant soit sur leur diamètre, soit sur la vitesse de collision, est favorable à leur capture et par conséquent à leur fragmentation. De manière complémentaire, l'examen des trajectoires de particules réelles déposées à la surface de la sphère immobile a révélé que l'efficacité de capture est réduite lorsque le nombre de Stokes des particules augmente. / The stirred media mill is used to produce nanoparticles from dense suspensions. The purpose of our study is to analyse the influence of the hydrodynamics on the fragmentation process. The first part is devoted to the flow modelling in the mill for an equivalent fluid. The constitutive law is accounting for the properties of grinding beads and suspended particles. Velocity fields, obtained by direct numerical simulations, have permitted to analyse the collision characteristics and to determine the major mechanisms leading to fragmentation. By determining the impact velocities and collisional Reynolds we were able to set up an experiment modelling two approaching grinding beads. One bead is mobile while the other is fixed. The flow velocities in the fluid have been measured by PIV for a wide range of conditions. These velocity fields have been used to calculate particle trajectories within the gap between the two beads. This yields to estimate a capture efficiency for particles. We concluded that an increase of the particle diameter or an increase of the impact velocity increases the probability of capture. Additionally, trajectories of deposited particle at the surface of the fixed spheres show that the capture efficiency decreases when the Stokes number of the particle increases.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This thesis discusses occupancy grid map, collision avoidance system and belief theory, and propose some of the latest and the most effective method such as predictive occupancy grid map, risk evaluation model and OGM role in the belief function theory with the approach of decision uncertainty according to the environment perception with the degree of belief in the driving command acceptability. Finally, how the proposed models mitigate or prevent the occurrence of the collision.

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