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This study aims to explore the effects on junior high school students¡¦ learning attitudes as well as learning performance after using 3C products. The study was conducted by means of questionnaire survey with self-editted ¡§Questionnaire on Learning Attitudes and Learning Performance¡¨. 600 junior high school students were randomly sampled from 25 public junior high schools in Kaohsing County and Kaohsiung City. The collected data was analyzed by statistical methods, including T-test, Chi-Square test, One-Way ANOVA, Point-Biserial Correlation , Person¡¦s Correlation and Multiple Regression. Based on the analyzed results, the followings were concluded: 1. The students of different background have different using function on 3C products such as cellphones, console game, digital cameras and computers. 2. The students of different background have different using frequency on 3C products such as cellphones, console game, digital cameras . 3. The effects occurred on students¡¦ attitudes after using 3C products. 4. Students¡¦ performance was affected by their attitudes after using 3C products. 5. The predictability on learning performance of Skill Level can even reach to 53.1%, followed by 1.6% of Emotion Level.

This study aims at elaborating the realities of elementary school pupils¡¦ lives in terms of three aspects as follows: schoolbag management, learning attitudes and life management. It also analyses the interrelations among these three variables of cognitions of elementary school students. This study uses Personal Basic Data Form, Schoolbag Management Survey, Learning Attitudes Inventory and Life Management Ability Inventory as instruments. It adopts the statistical programs such as Descriptive-Statistics, t-test, One-Way ANOVA and product-moment correlation to evaluate the inter realationships of elementary school students¡¦ schoolbag management , learning attitudes and life management ability. This study shows the following results BMI average value of elementary school students, the boys¡¦average value is higher than that of girls¡¦. The average sleeping time is more than nine hours for both boys and girls. The transportation of students is mainly by car or scooter. The average weight of school boys¡¦schoolbag is 3.3 kilograms and that 3.2 kilograms for girls. School students of different grades get high scores on schoolbag management, And girls are better than boys on schoolbag management. On the whole, the school students get higher scores in terms of learning attitudes. As for the other aspects, ranked from high to low, are shown as follows: environment attitudes, learning strategies, learning motivation, and class participation. Moreover, the life management can be ranked,from high to low, as law-abiding, clothing management, emotional management, health, social relationship and money management. For the background variations of grade, sleeping hour, vehicle of going to school , BMI, cram school attending and school performance matter little. The schoolbag management, learning attitudes and life management have strong positive relationship.

英語學習一直是台灣很重視的一環，而許多家長更贊成提早學英語。台灣九年一貫課程改革也將英語教學由國小五年級改到國小三年級。本研究旨在了解國中學生從小學英語的經驗，與其學習態度改變過程。 本研究採取質的研究方法，以基隆市3名公立國中九年級學生為研究對象。研究過程採取訪談、觀察等方式為主要資料收集來源。資料涵蓋的面向為：(1) 家庭背景；(2) 從小到大學習英語的經驗；(3) 同儕間的影響；(4) 未來對英語學習的規劃。經過這些資料，本研究討論四個問題：(1) 有哪些關鍵點影響學生學習發展？ (2) 重要他人在學生學習經驗中的角色？ (3) 學生的英語學習態度從小到現在有何改變？以及 (4) 身為在台灣學習英語的孩子，面臨的可能性與挑戰。 本研究根據以上三個個案的討論結果，進一步提供相關建議，作為教育單位、學校英語老師、家長及未來研究的參考。

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This study explores adult returning students' mathematical experience and ways of thinking prior to enrolling in a community college arithmetic review course. It further examines one student's experience of the course. The first part of the study documents everyday activities adult students perceive as mathematical using Bishop's pan-cultural mathematical activities (Bishop, 1994), and queries students' prior experience with mathematics in school. The second part examines students' ways of thinking about proportion prior to instruction, using a framework developed from previous research (e.g., Lamon, 1993). The third part of the study examines the interaction between informal ways of thinking about mathematics that adult students bring to school and the mathematics they encounter in the classroom. Findings include: (1) Adult students view a variety of activities from their everyday lives as mathematical, (2) adult students' reasoning about proportional situations varies along a developmental trajectory described in previous research on proportional reasoning conducted with younger students, and (3) one student's experience in the arithmetic review course illustrates that she typically suppressed contextual ways of reasoning about problems she brought to the course and, when she did share prior experience, it was not leveraged to support the development of her and other students' mathematical understanding. These findings suggest that adult students' experience of everyday mathematics and ways of thinking about proportion should be the foundation that support students as they build upon informal ways of thinking toward the more formal ways of reasoning expected in school.

Interest in the role of emotion within mathematics education has increased in recent decades. Within a case-study framework, I explored how an Affective Instructional Design (AID) supported an early years teacher develop the capacity to change her instructional approaches, influenced her mathematic affect, and the affective experiences of her students. My conceptualisation for AID is based on an integrated framework approach drawing from emotion-learning theory, instructional design theory, and teaching and learning mathematics theory to integrate affect and cognition throughout the instructional process. Participants included 15 kindergarten children and their class teacher from a K-12 school in Tennessee, USA. Measures included teacher interviews, video recordings of 13 mathematics lessons, and field notes. Findings from this small study suggest instructional supports such as AID influence teacher capacity to bridge new learning and enacted practice; preliminary findings indicate AID contributed to a rise in positive teacher and learner affect, and improved teacher capacity to plan and implement quality mathematics learning environments.

本個案研究旨在探討英語歌謠韻文對一位國小學童口說溝通態度之成效。資料收集與分析主要採取質性之資料收集及分析法，以期對於歌謠韻文教學之於國小學童口說溝通態度能有更深入的了解。參與本研究的學生為一位就讀於新北市大型公立國小三年級，從小未參與過任何課外英語課程的學童。研究期間自民國一百年八月至民國一百零一年二月，資料收集方式以半結構式訪談、課堂錄影觀察及教師日誌為主。 本個案研究以學習態度的三個面向來探討歌謠韻文教學對國小學童口說溝通態度之成效。研究結果顯示，無論在認知、情感及行為等面向，對話式的歌謠韻文對國小學童的口說溝通態度皆有正面成效。唯由於受試者之個性化差異，歌謠韻文教學的活動型態也可能對學童的態度產生不同影響。研究者根據這些發現，提出對歌謠韻文教學之於國小學童口說溝通態度的看法，及未來研究方向的建議，以期對英語教學能有更多建設性的研究貢獻。 / This case study attempts to have a better understanding of the effects of songs and chants on a young EFL learner’s attitudes toward oral communication. To achieve the purpose of this study, qualitative methods were adopted to capture a holistic picture of the young learner’s English learning at school. The participant was a third grader who studied in a large-sized public elementary school in New Taipei City. She had never taken any extracurricular English courses after school. The only instruction she received was the eighty-minute lesson per week from her school English teacher. Data was collected from August, 2011 to February, 2012. The teacher’s journals, video-recordings of classroom observation, and three semi-structured interviews were utilized to collect data for the analyses of the effects of songs and chants on a young EFL learner’s attitudes toward oral communication. The results revealed that the participant showed positive attitudinal changes while receiving the songs and chants related instruction. According to the participant’s cognitive responses, emotional states and behaviors, both verbally and nonverbally, the researcher suggested that songs and chants could motivate the young learner’s attitudes toward oral communication in English. However, the types of songs and chants related activities might affect the young learner’s willingness to speak. Based on the findings, pedagogical implications and suggestions were recommended for future research. It is hoped to provide some insights into the dynamics of songs and chants instruction as well as young EFL learners’ attitudes toward oral communication.

本個案研究旨在探討讀者劇場對一位參與英語補救教學的國小學童口語閱讀流暢度以及學習態度的影響。資料收集與分析主要採取質性之資料收集及分析法，以期對於讀者劇場教學之於國小學童口語閱讀流暢度和學習態度能有更深入的了解。參與本研究的學生為一位就讀於新北市公立國小五年級，從小一就開始參與補救教學的學童。研究期間自民國一百零三年三月至民國一百零三年五月，資料收集方式以課堂錄影觀察、教學日誌、半結構式訪談為主，以及每週閱讀流暢度檢測為輔。 研究結果顯示，在口語流暢度方面，無論是正確度、情緒和音量、斷句、流暢性以及速度等面向皆有所進步。另一方面，由於讀者劇場提供學生真實的表演機會，提高學生的自我效能感，給予學習者自主學習的機會，以及創造出合作學習的氛圍，學生在學習態度方面也因此有所提升。研究者根據這些發現，提出對讀者劇場應用於國小學童口語流暢度訓練和提升學習興趣的看法，及未來研究方向的建議，以期對英語教學能有更多建設性的研究貢獻。 / This case study attempts to investigate the influences of Readers Theater on an EFL young learner’s oral reading fluency and learning attitudes. To achieve the purpose of this study, qualitative methods were adopted to capture a holistic understanding of the young learner’s oral reading fluency development and changes of learning attitudes. The participant was a fifth grader who studied in a public elementary school in Taipei City. He has been in a remedial English class since first grade. Data was collected from March 2014 to May 2014. The video-recordings of classroom observation, the teacher’s journals, the student’s learning log, one semi-structured interview, and multi-fluency assessments were utilized as data for the analyses of the influences of Readers Theater on an EFL young learner’s oral reading fluency development and learning attitudes. The results revealed that the participant improved his oral reading fluency and showed positive attitudinal changes while receiving the Readers Theater instruction. In terms of his oral reading fluency development, he first developed word recognition in accuracy; acquired prosodic reading ability gradually in expression and volume; learned to pause appropriately in phrasing; decreased hesitations while reading in smoothness; and increased reading speed in pacing. Moreover, his learning attitudes became positive, because RT provided authentic purposes for reading, increased his self-efficacy, and created an autonomous and cooperative learning atmosphere. Based on the findings, pedagogical implications and suggestions were recommended for future research. It is hoped that this thesis will provide some insights into the dynamics of Readers Theater instruction as well as EFL young learners’ oral reading fluency development and attitudinal changes of learning.

本研究旨在瞭解台南市國小高年級學童英語補習現況與英語補習經驗及其英語學習態度。以台南市公立國小高年級學童為研究對象，進行叢集抽樣，抽取15所學校，30個班級為樣本，以研究者自行編製的「台南市國小高年級學童英語學習態度問卷」為研究工具，採問卷調查法取得443份有效問卷，將所得資料以描述統計、t檢定、單因子變異數分析等統計方法進行分析。獲致本研究結果如下： 一、 台南市國小高年級有七成學童參加英語補習，補習年數以3-4年者最多； 每週補習英語的時數，以4小時以下者最多；學童參加英語補習最主要的動機，以升學與課業需求者最多。 二、 台南市國小高年級學童在一般英語學習態度、學校英語課程學習態度、英語補習課程學習態度為普通偏中上。 三、不同性別之學童在英語學習態度上部分有顯著差異，女學童優於男學童。 四、不同主要照顧者之家長教育程度之學童在英語學習態度的三層面均未有顯著差異。 五、不同英語補習年數之學童，僅在對學校英語課程的看法有顯著差異，補習年數1-2 年者優於3-4年及7年以上者。 六、每週英語補習時數不同之學童在一般英語學習態度有顯著差異；學校英語課程的學 習態度則未有顯著差異；英語補習課程學習態度部分有顯著差異，每週英語補習時 數5小時以上者優於於4小時以下者。 七、不同英語補習動機之學童在一般英語學習態度、英語補習課程的學習態度有 顯著差異，學校英語課程的學習態度部分有顯著差異，英語補習動機為自己 興趣者優於於其他英語補習動機。 / This study aims to understand English cram status quo. cram school learning experience and English learning attitude of the fifth and sixth graders in Tainan City. Totally 443 participants are selected from the fifth and sixth graders in Tainan City. The data are analyzed through descriptive statistics, t-test and one way ANOVA. The major research findings are as follows: 1.Seventy percent of elementary high graders in Tainan City go to English cram schools, and most of them go there at least three to four years. Besides, most of them take English lessons everyweek under four hours. The main motivation is to enter a higher school and have better academic performance. 2. High graders students’ English learning attitude are above the average. 3. Different high graders genders have partly different attitude. Female students are better than male ones. 4. High graders with different primary caregivers of education have no significant difference on three levels. 5. High graders with different attending cram school years have significant difference partly. One to two English learning years are better than those with three to four years and more than seven years. 6. High graders with different English learning hours every week on general English learning attitude have significant differences.Students who learn English in cram school for more than five hours are better than students who learn English in cram school for less than four hours. 7. Significant difference of different motivations were found among general English learning attitude and English courses of going to cram schools. High graders with different motivation on the English courses have significant differences partly. Students who are interested in going to cram school get better grades than the other motivations. / 摘要 i Abstract ii 致 謝 iii 目 次 iv 表 次 vi 圖 次 vii 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的與研究問題 5 第三節 名詞釋義 5 第四節 研究範圍與限制 6 第二章 文獻探討 9 第一節 國小英語教學與英語補習的現況 9 第二節 英語學習態度 22 第三節 英語補習經驗與英語學習態度 27 第四節 英語學習態度的相關研究 37 第三章 研究方法 45 第一節 研究架構 45 第三節 研究工具 47 第四節 研究步驟 57 第五節 資料處理與分析 58 第四章 研究結果與討論 61 第一節 受試學童基本資料、參加英語補習經驗與英語學習態度之分析 61 第二節 不同背景變項的學童在英語學習態度的差異分析 65 第三節 不同英語補習經驗之學童的英語學習態度之差異分析 69 第四節 綜合討論 78 第五章 結論與建議 83 第一節 結論 83 第二節 建議 84 參考文獻 86 附錄一 96 附錄二 100