Abstract not available

Errata slip inserted. Includes bibliographies.

The Decade of Maori Development (1984-1994) stimulated the re-emergence of distinctly Maori approaches to progressing their own advancement. Maori health promotion is one such approach that has a central concern for improving Maori health outcomes. A range of Maori collectives are providing what they claim to be distinctly Maori health promotion initiatives. However, Maori health promotion has a pragmatic orientation, and this has, at least in part, led to conceptual and theoretical under-development. There is an almost complete lack of empirically and theoretically sound work to conceptualise Maori health promotion. This research programme has focused on identifying the defining characteristics of Maori health promotion. The primary data source for this research programme was three case studies of Maori health promotion interventions. Tipu Ora - a Maori community-based well-child programme; the Plunket Kaiawhina Service - a national Maori focussed initiative located within a mainstream service; and, the Wairarapa Maori Asthma Project - a tribally-based asthma management initiative. The main source of data in each of the case studies was in-depth open-ended interviews with programme participants and stakeholders. Data was also drawn from document review and archival records. The findings of this research indicate that Maori health promotion is based on a broad concept of health, which can be expanded as the basis for a more general argument for Maori advancement. Maori health promotion is the process of enabling Maori to increase control over the determinants of health and strengthen their identity as Maori, and thereby improve their health and position in society. Its defining characteristics have been identified in this research programme, and presented in �Kia uruuru mai a hauora�, a framework for Maori health promotion. The Framework has the potential to provide the basis for a more consistent and rigorous approach to Maori health promotion practice, policy, purchasing, and research. Aspects of the Framework may also have wider application to generic health promotion and other indigenous peoples� approaches to health promotion. This study concludes that Maori health promotion draws primarily on the heritage and new knowledge that arises from Maori and Western experiences. However, it remains grounded in the distinctive concepts and values of Maori worldviews. Maori health promotion is a distinctly Maori process, in step with and indigenous health promotion, but primarily on the determination of Maori to be Maori.

The thesis is concerned with finding strategies of community development suitable for health promotion and a matching method of evaluation. The thesis contains two literature reviews. The first examines the history and practice of community development, the problems in the field of drug abuse prevention, especially in its evaluation, and recent developments in health promotion within the context of the new public health movement. The second literature review chapter examines qualitative methodology and in particular recent developments in the use of case studies. The design of the study in the thesis utilises multiple-case studies and explanation-building with data matrix construction as the method of analysis. Two multiple case studies of thirteen and twelve cases respectively use data from the Community Approach to Drug Abuse Prevention (CADAP) Project. Detailed analysis of ten matrices are presented for the First Stage Multiple-Case Study and three for the second. Major conclusions are drawn about how a successful performance in the processes of preparation and training in community development lead to later successful community activity. Whether the preparation and training is done by staff of the CADAP Project or by trained staff of host organisations makes no difference to this outcome. Conclusions are drawn about community development in general, its application to health promotion and its evaluation.

Zugl.: Jena, Universiẗat, Diss., 2007 u.d.T.: Ludl, Michaela: Verhaltenswissenschaftliche Erklärung der Wirkungsweise von Warenproben.

The Texas Pecan Board was established in 1998 to administer the Texas Pecan Checkoff Program and is financed through a one-half cent per pound assessment on grower pecan sales. The Board spends the assessment collections on a variety of advertising campaigns in an attempt to expand demand for Texas pecans, both improved and native varieties, and increase the welfare of Texas pecan growers. This study presents an evaluation of the economic effectiveness of the Texas Pecan Checkoff Program in expanding sales of Texas pecans. First, the effects of Texas Pecan Board promotion on sales of all Texas pecans are determined using the ordinary least squares estimator (OLS) followed by a test for differential effects of Texas Pecan Board promotion on sales of improved and native Texas pecan varieties using the seemingly unrelated regression. The analysis indicates that the Texas Pecan Checkoff Program has effectively increased sales of improved varieties of Texas pecans, but has had no impact on sales of native varieties of Texas pecans. A benefit-cost analysis determines that the additional sales revenues generated is relatively large compared to the dollar value spent on promotion indicating that the Texas pecan promotion program has been financially successful.

With the keen competition of the same product, consumers have many products to choose, so that many promotional activities are held to raise the market share. However, almost consumers are aware of the promotional activities through an advertising, such as a banner on the portal site. Indeed, we all see these kinds of advertisings in our life. Thus, promotional message is an advertising to a consumer, and it is also an advertising which combines promotion and advertising. That why I measure the promotion effects on the Internet according to the advertising effects. First of all, I want to know how the two kinds of promotions which are called price-promotion and non-price-promotion to affect the advertising effects. Secondly, I want to know how the interactivities which only exits on the Internet to affect the advertising effects. Finally, I use product brand image as a moderating variables to know how it affect consumer behavior. Between-subject factorial design, price-promotion and non-price-promotion arrange in pairs content-interactivities and non-content-interactivities arrange in pairs functional brand image and symbolic brand image is employed in my study. I pick up 240 students of NSYSU in convenience, and these students are divided into eight groups, and each group contains 30 students. The results show that: Two kinds of promotions will affect advertising effects. Interactivities will affect advertising effects. Brand image has moderate effect to the relationship between promotion and advertising. Finally, Brand image has no moderate effect to the relationship between interactivities and advertising.

Today is one of the reasons that Sweden works for improved public health to reduce the incidence of the most common diseases. The eleven objectives are the key determinants of public health work and are thus assigned as the common positions for players to work towards the same goal. The purpose of this study was to examine which aspects of health promotion in Sweden examined in the scientific articles. The method is a literature review based on scientific articles. Searches have been conducted in the databases SAGE Journals Online, ASSIA and Cinahl. The exclusion and inclusion of the articles have a query template obtained form the basis for assessing the quality of scientific articles. This study aimed to investigate which aspects of health promotion in Sweden as described in the scientific articles. None of the aspect that was presented in the literature can be regarded as sensational addition to the aspect of humor that was considered could be regarded as a possible factor in health promotion. The reviewed articles shows that school, workplace and health care seen as arenas where it is possible to carry out work on health while reach out to many people. The results also showed that the factors self-esteem, confidence and empowerment are important to the work of health promotion.

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