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The current study assessed the relationship between individuals' tendency to suppress thoughts, particularly related to food and body weight/shape, and outcomes such as weight loss maintenance and diet sabotaging experiences (e.g., binge eating). Community and university individuals (N = 347) who are or previously were overweight completed self-report measures of thought suppression, weight history, and eating behaviors. Suppression of specific thoughts about food/weight/shape was related to weight cycling, binge eating, and food cravings. Participants who believed thoughts of food lead to eating were more likely to attempt suppression of food-related thoughts. Results have implications for improving weight loss maintenance and support further exploration of third wave interventions, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Mindfulness, in the treatment of obesity.

No description available.

No description available.

People make food choices based upon the motivation to consume foods that are reinforcing compared to alternatives that may be available.1 Delay discounting (DD) is a measure used to assess impulsivity, quantifying how people make decisions based on time to receive and amount of the choice presented. The food purchase task (FPT) assesses the demand for a food and how reinforcing this item is at various prices. Using a controlled feeding study design, 10 males (n=7 sedentary, n=10 endurance trained) consumed an iso-caloric, standard diet (55% carbohydrate, 30% fat, and 15% protein) for 10 days, followed by a high-fat diet (55% fat, 30% carbohydrate, 15% protein) for 5 days. DD, FPT, and Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) were assessed at three time points: baseline, after the standard diet/before high-fat diet, and after the high-fat diet. Discounting rates were significantly different at baseline between sedentary and endurance trained males, with the sedentary males having higher discounting rates (mean difference 1.43, p=.037). Discounting rates for the whole sample significantly decreased between baseline (time 1) and post-STD diet/before HFD (time 2), between time 2 and after the HFD (time 3), and between time 1 and time 3 (all indicated by p<0.05). No group differences were noted over time for demand elasticity, intensity, or TFEQ measures (all indicated by p<0.05). Results could be used to advance the understanding of factors that influence impulsive and unhealthy eating behaviors and inform the development of interventions that use reinforcers to positively influence eating behaviors. / MS

Introdução: Evidências demonstram que modelos teóricos, tais como a Abordagem da Ação Fundamentada, podem auxiliar na compreensão das motivações de adolescentes para consumir FLV, uma vez que consideram importantes determinantes do comportamento alimentar: as influências sócio cognitivas. No entanto, em países como o Brasil, os estudos raramente consideram tais teorias e há apenas o enfoque na avaliação do comportamento por questionários de frequência alimentar e recordatórios alimentares. Objetivos: Identificar e testar determinantes sócio cognitivos do consumo de FLV de adolescentes brasileiros, sugerindo evidências que possam contribuir para futuras intervenções para melhoria deste consumo. Métodos: primeiramente, realizou-se a adaptação e validação transcultural de um instrumento avaliando- se a confiabilidade (por Alfa de Cronbach) e examinando a qualidade do modelo teórico pelo método da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC) segundo os indicadores: comparative-fit-index (CFI) e roat mean square erroraf aproximatian (RMSEA). Simultaneamente, conduziu-se um estudo transversal com 430 estudantes brasileiros e utilizou-se a Abordagem da Ação Fundamentada como pressuposto teórico. Para esta etapa, utilizou-se a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (MEE), considerando também os mesmos indicadores de qualidade do modelo, e testou-se os preditores da teoria, examinando também a influência de variáveis socioeconâmicas. Resultados: a confiabilidade do instrumento se apresentou adequada, com consistência interna de aceitável à excelente (&#945; = 0,52 à &#945 = 0,84) e o modelo apresentou qualidade (CFI = 0,938 e RMSEA = 0,048, 90% IC: 0,043-0,052). A MEE (CFI = 0,907; RMSEA = 0,048, 90% IC: 0,045-0,051) demonstrou que as intenções em consumir FLVexplicaram 29% da variância do consumo de FLV de adolescentes e ainda que variáveis socioeconâmicas explicaram 16% da variância das intenções dos adolescentes em consumir FLV. Conclusão: Esta pesquisa validou um instrumento para mensuração de fatores sócio cognitivos que influenciam o consumo de FLV de adolescentes brasileiros e forneceu suporte à abordagem da Ação Fundamentada aplicada ao consumo de FLV de adolescentes brasileiros. Os achados indicaram a importância da intenção comportamental e de seus preditores (autoeficácia, normas descritivas e cautelares e expectativa de resultado) e ainda importância socioeconâmica sobre as intenções de adolescentes em consumir de FLV. Esta pesquisa sugere evidências que podem contribuir para futuras intervenções para o aumento de consumo de FLV nesta população. / Introduction: Evidence suggests that theoretical frameworks such as the Reason Action Approach can help the understanding and improvement of adolescents\' motivation to eat fruit and vegetables because it considers important determinants of eating behaviour: socio-cognitive influences. However, countries Iike Brazil rarely consider such theories and instead, relies just on food frequency questionnaires and food records in order to evaluate eating behaviour. Objectives: To identify and test important determinants of adolescent\'s fruit and vegetables intake in order to suggest evidence which can contribute to future interventions towards the improvement of this habit among youth. Methods: Firstly, we developed a cultural adaptation and validation of an instrument considering reliability (by Cronbach\'s Alpha) and assessing model quality through Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFI) according to the following indexes: comparative-fit-index (CFI) e raot mean square errar of aproximation (RMSEA). Simultaneously, we conducted a cross-sectional study with 430 students exploring the Reason Action Approach theoretical framework. In this stage, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was applied regarding the same quality model indexes and the theory predictors in respect to fruit and vegetables intake were tested, and also, examining the influence of socioeconomic variables in the mode!. Results: The model presented adequate reliability, with internai consistency ranging from acceptable to excellent ((&#945 =0,52 to &#945 =0,84) and the model presented quality (CFI =0,938 e RMSEA =0,048, 90% CI: 0,043-0,052). The SEM (CFI = 0,907; RMSEA = 0,048,90% IC: 0,045-0,051) demonstrated that intentions in eating fruits and vegetables explain 29% of the variance of adolescents\' fruit and vegetables intake and that socioeconomic variables explain 16% of the variance of adolescents\' intention to eat such foods. Conclusion: This research validated an instrument to evaluate socio-cognitive factors which influence fruit and vegatable intake of Brazilian adolescents and provided support for the Reason Action Approach as a model that can be applied to Brazilian adolescents\' fruit and vegetables intake. The findings indicate the importance of Intention and its predictors (self-efficacy, descriptive norms, injunctive norms and outcome expectations/attitudes) and also the importance of socioeconomic variables on Brazilian adolescents\' intention in eating fruit and vegetables. This research provides evidence that can contribute to future interventions towards fruit and vegetable intake among this population.

Introdução: Evidências demonstram que modelos teóricos, tais como a Abordagem da Ação Fundamentada, podem auxiliar na compreensão das motivações de adolescentes para consumir FLV, uma vez que consideram importantes determinantes do comportamento alimentar: as influências sócio cognitivas. No entanto, em países como o Brasil, os estudos raramente consideram tais teorias e há apenas o enfoque na avaliação do comportamento por questionários de frequência alimentar e recordatórios alimentares. Objetivos: Identificar e testar determinantes sócio cognitivos do consumo de FLV de adolescentes brasileiros, sugerindo evidências que possam contribuir para futuras intervenções para melhoria deste consumo. Métodos: primeiramente, realizou-se a adaptação e validação transcultural de um instrumento avaliando- se a confiabilidade (por Alfa de Cronbach) e examinando a qualidade do modelo teórico pelo método da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC) segundo os indicadores: comparative-fit-index (CFI) e roat mean square erroraf aproximatian (RMSEA). Simultaneamente, conduziu-se um estudo transversal com 430 estudantes brasileiros e utilizou-se a Abordagem da Ação Fundamentada como pressuposto teórico. Para esta etapa, utilizou-se a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (MEE), considerando também os mesmos indicadores de qualidade do modelo, e testou-se os preditores da teoria, examinando também a influência de variáveis socioeconâmicas. Resultados: a confiabilidade do instrumento se apresentou adequada, com consistência interna de aceitável à excelente (&#945; = 0,52 à &#945 = 0,84) e o modelo apresentou qualidade (CFI = 0,938 e RMSEA = 0,048, 90% IC: 0,043-0,052). A MEE (CFI = 0,907; RMSEA = 0,048, 90% IC: 0,045-0,051) demonstrou que as intenções em consumir FLVexplicaram 29% da variância do consumo de FLV de adolescentes e ainda que variáveis socioeconâmicas explicaram 16% da variância das intenções dos adolescentes em consumir FLV. Conclusão: Esta pesquisa validou um instrumento para mensuração de fatores sócio cognitivos que influenciam o consumo de FLV de adolescentes brasileiros e forneceu suporte à abordagem da Ação Fundamentada aplicada ao consumo de FLV de adolescentes brasileiros. Os achados indicaram a importância da intenção comportamental e de seus preditores (autoeficácia, normas descritivas e cautelares e expectativa de resultado) e ainda importância socioeconâmica sobre as intenções de adolescentes em consumir de FLV. Esta pesquisa sugere evidências que podem contribuir para futuras intervenções para o aumento de consumo de FLV nesta população. / Introduction: Evidence suggests that theoretical frameworks such as the Reason Action Approach can help the understanding and improvement of adolescents\' motivation to eat fruit and vegetables because it considers important determinants of eating behaviour: socio-cognitive influences. However, countries Iike Brazil rarely consider such theories and instead, relies just on food frequency questionnaires and food records in order to evaluate eating behaviour. Objectives: To identify and test important determinants of adolescent\'s fruit and vegetables intake in order to suggest evidence which can contribute to future interventions towards the improvement of this habit among youth. Methods: Firstly, we developed a cultural adaptation and validation of an instrument considering reliability (by Cronbach\'s Alpha) and assessing model quality through Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFI) according to the following indexes: comparative-fit-index (CFI) e raot mean square errar of aproximation (RMSEA). Simultaneously, we conducted a cross-sectional study with 430 students exploring the Reason Action Approach theoretical framework. In this stage, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was applied regarding the same quality model indexes and the theory predictors in respect to fruit and vegetables intake were tested, and also, examining the influence of socioeconomic variables in the mode!. Results: The model presented adequate reliability, with internai consistency ranging from acceptable to excellent ((&#945 =0,52 to &#945 =0,84) and the model presented quality (CFI =0,938 e RMSEA =0,048, 90% CI: 0,043-0,052). The SEM (CFI = 0,907; RMSEA = 0,048,90% IC: 0,045-0,051) demonstrated that intentions in eating fruits and vegetables explain 29% of the variance of adolescents\' fruit and vegetables intake and that socioeconomic variables explain 16% of the variance of adolescents\' intention to eat such foods. Conclusion: This research validated an instrument to evaluate socio-cognitive factors which influence fruit and vegatable intake of Brazilian adolescents and provided support for the Reason Action Approach as a model that can be applied to Brazilian adolescents\' fruit and vegetables intake. The findings indicate the importance of Intention and its predictors (self-efficacy, descriptive norms, injunctive norms and outcome expectations/attitudes) and also the importance of socioeconomic variables on Brazilian adolescents\' intention in eating fruit and vegetables. This research provides evidence that can contribute to future interventions towards fruit and vegetable intake among this population.

Aims: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and opioid agonist treatment (OAT) with methadone or buprenorphine represents the most efficacious treatment. However, data suggest that chronic administration of opioids may be associated with significant weight gain, possibly by altering an organism’s perception of and preference for sweet foods. The primary aim of this laboratory study was to rigorously examine sucrose subjective response among adults receiving OAT and a comparison sample without OUD. As secondary outcomes, we also sought to compare the groups on additional baseline characteristics that may influence subjective sucrose response and weight gain during treatment. Methods: Participants were 40 adults receiving treatment for OUD (OUD+) and a comparison sample of 40 adults without OUD (OUD-). All participants completed an initial screening visit that included questionnaires on eating behaviors, diet and nutrition, recent substance use, and measurement of body mass index. Eligible participants completed two, same-day outpatient laboratory sessions during which they sampled six experimenter-administered concentrations of sucrose solution (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0M in distilled water) each three times under double-blind counterbalanced conditions. Following each exposure, participants rated the pleasantness and intensity of each sample using 100-point visual analog scales. Results: OUD+ participants rated sucrose solutions as less pleasant than OUD- participants (p<0.001). However, this effect was limited to the three lowest sucrose concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.25M), and at higher concentrations there were no group differences. There were no between-group differences on ratings of intensity (p=0.35). Given these baseline group differences in placebo (0M) responding, sucrose response was also examined in terms of change from baseline. In this analysis, there was a significant group effect, with a higher magnitude of change in pleasantness ratings and a lower magnitude of change in intensity ratings from 0M in OUD+ vs. OUD- participants (p’s<0.05). With regard to baseline characteristics that may influence sucrose response and eating behavior more generally, the OUD+ group had a higher prevalence of obesity, food insecurity, unhealthy eating behaviors, high sugar consumption, and nutrition knowledge deficits compared to the OUD- group (p’s<0.05). Conclusion: Data from preclinical and clinical research have suggested that opioid agonist medications may enhance subjective response to sweet flavors. In the present study, OUD+ participants exhibited a higher magnitude of change in pleasantness ratings from placebo compared to OUD- participants. However, this effect was largely driven by pronounced group differences in perceived pleasantness of essentially unsweet solutions. On the outcome of sucrose intensity, findings were more mixed with no consistent differences between OUD+ and OUD- participants. In contrast, group differences were far more pronounced in participants’ daily eating behaviors and nutrition knowledge, with OUD+ participants presenting with a consistently more severe profile. These data highlight the significant risk factors experienced by OUD+ individuals that extend beyond drug-related risks and may inform future scientific and clinical efforts to improve health outcomes in this vulnerable population.

This study examined differences between Latter-Day Saint (LDS) and non-Latter-Day Saint (non-LDS) females across six universities in the United States regarding desire to engage in substance use and eating behaviors in response to negative emotion. Additionally, this study explored differences between LDS and non-LDS females regarding body image, as well as body image differences between LDS females residing inside Utah and outside Utah. Findings suggested that non-LDS females were more likely to experience increased urges to use substances in response to negative emotion than LDS females, consistent with LDS doctrine teaching the avoidance of substance use. LDS females also did not appear to substitute LDS-sanctioned eating behaviors for substance use in response to negative emotion, as has previously been suggested by other researchers. Additionally, LDS females were found to have more positive body image than non-LDS females generally, although LDS females in Utah have less positive body images than LDS females residing in other states. Body image findings are substantial since body image distress is rampant and is a risk factor for the development of eating disorders. Clinical implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

El autocuidado es la conducta que, en determinadas situaciones y contextos de la vida, están dirigidas hacia un objetivo, que afectan en su funcionamiento, desarrollo de vida, salud y su bienestar. Asimismo, la alimentación representa uno de los factores más significativos a fin de conseguir tales resultados beneficiosos para la salud humana. Actualmente, los profesionales de enfermería presentan problemas, relacionados a sus desórdenes e inadecuadas conductas alimenticias. Objetivo: Determinar las conductas de autocuidado en la alimentación de las enfermeras de establecimientos de salud públicos de la ciudad de Ferreñafe, 2023. Método: La presente investigación fue cuantitativa, de diseño no experimental, corte transversal y descriptivo. La población estuvo conformada por 62 licenciadas de enfermería de establecimientos de salud públicos de la ciudad de Ferreñafe, la muestra fue censal. Resultados: Se comprobó que el 74.4% de los profesionales de enfermería ocasionalmente cumplen con conductas de autocuidado en su alimentación, mientras que el 22.6% no las cumplen. Por otro lado, de acuerdo a la dimensión estimativa, el 67.7% de los profesionales de enfermería ocasionalmente tiene un interés por obtener información de conductas en el autocuidado de su alimentación. Según la dimensión transicional, el 21% no tienen la intención de practicar conductas de autocuidado en la alimentación. Finalmente, en la dimensión productiva se aprecia que el 62.9% de los profesionales de enfermería ocasionalmente realizan conductas adecuadas para el autocuidado de su alimentación. / Self-care is the conduct that, in certain situations and contexts of life, are directed towards an objective, which affect their functioning, life development, health and well-being. Likewise, food represents one of the most significant factors in order to achieve such beneficial results for human health. Currently, nursing professionals present problems related to their disorders and inadequate eating behaviors. Objective: To determine the self-care behaviors in the diet of nurses in public health establishments in the city of Ferreñafe, 2023. Method: This research was quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive. The population consisted of 62 nursing graduates from public health establishments in the city of Ferreñafe, the sample was census. Results: It was found that 74.4% of nursing professionals occasionally comply with self-care behaviors in their diet, while 22.6% do not. On the other hand, according to the estimation dimension, 67.7% of nursing professionals occasionally have an interest in obtaining information on behaviors in the self-care of their diet. According to the transitional dimension, 21% do not intend to practice self-care behaviors in eating. Finally, in the productive dimension, it can be seen that 62.9% of nursing professionals occasionally carry out appropriate behaviors for self-care of their diet