A central goal of urban and economic development planning is producing policies and programs to promote economic growth. Urban planners and economic planners always struggle to define economic development policies to improve the growth in way that enhance the quality of life in the community people live and work. Hence, investigation of factors affecting economic growth at the regional level helps decision makers such as urban planners and economic development planners develop smarter policies to increase more opportunities for economic growth. This project aims to look at economic growth from the perspective of urban economic development planners. The main questions of this study include: What is economic growth at the regional level, and what factors influence the growth of US urban regions? Is there any relationship between transportation investments and economic growth? What can urban planners and economic development planners learn from the findings of the growth literature that can better link urban planning with economic development planning and policies? I used research synthesis/meta-study method to review a wide range of studies devoted to economic growth. As neoclassical economists discussed, labor, capital, and human capital and technology are the primary production factors. However, contemporary literature reveals secondary factors that stimulate the efficiency and quality of these primary factors. My findings show that secondary factors such as transportation infrastructure, amenities (schools, housing, weather, and historical, cultural, and recreational centers) and disamenities (pollution, road congestion, and crime rate) influence regional economic growth process. These material factors of economic growth are typically addressed by economists and economic development planners via quantitative analysis of the variables associated with per-capita regional GDP growth. I find, however; that urban planners address a qualitative set of secondary factors related to social norms and institutions. The normative factors include equity, diversity, and housing affordability, and the procedural factors are: public participation, government policies over land use and land development. By reviewing existing regional economic planning, I highlight the lack of strong linkage between economic development planners and urban planners. In the end, an economic growth guideline is developed which might help decision makers such as urban planners and economic development planners derive smarter policies to increase opportunities for economic growth and development. / text

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The objective of this case study on economic management in Brazil is to evaluate the scope and nature of political and ideological factors which affected the process of policy formation from the redemocratization of the country in 1945 until the breakdown of the democratic regime in 1964. Special emphasis is attributed to the reconstruction of the decision-making processes behind the formulation and execution of an agreed economic strategy intended to promote fast economic growth in the 1950's and to the analysis of the political and ideological factors which made acute disequilibria and recession unmanageable within the democratic framework, in the early 1960's. In order to account for the achievements and vicissitudes of economic management in Brazil we focus on the role and function of the state as the key agent in the process of rendering compatible the requirements imposed by economic necessity and the political priorities arising out of the structure and dynamics of the Brazilian political system. Special emphasis is given to the political actors located within the decision making system in particular the técnicos of differing political persuasions, their economic ideologies and their patterns of political action. The reconstruction of the process of policy formation in democratic Brazil is designed to contribute to the current debate on economic and non-economic determinants of the emergence of authoritarian regimes in Latin America. An introduction to our own approach to this question is provided in Chapter I, in connection with discussions current in the relevant literature. In Chapters II and III, we provide an historic reconstruction of the process of policy formation during the late 1940's and 1950's in order to show how technical knowledge and expertize were mobilized as political resources at the service of an economic strategy which shaped the present pattern of capital accumulation in Brazil. Chapter IV examines the political and ideological factors which explain the resumption of inflationary governmental behaviour and over-reliance on foreign debt in the expansionary phase of the economic cycle. In Chapters V, VI and VII we seek to account for the unmanageability of acute disequilibria and recession in the early 1960's through an analysis of the institutional framework and the extremely unstable political background within which any proponents of stabilization-cum-growth policies would have to act.

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This study is an examination of recent changes in the organisation and activity of Canada's foreign aid programme. Three conceptually distinct categories form the theoretical framework of the study: (a) contending approaches to the study of international relations; (b) contending conceptions of economic growth and development; and (c) contending approaches to the aid policy-making process. The study examines the multiple objectives underlying Canada's aid programme, develops and interprets a series of "aid quality" indices, and undertakes a detailed examination of the aid policy process. Emphasis is placed on tracing the specific combination of domestic "push" and international "pull" factors which have pressured Ottawa into initiatives promoting a closer linkage of the aid and trade facets of government activity. Attention is also drawn to the impact of these initiatives on the developmental objectives of the programme. / The principal finding of the study is that while Canada's aid programme has until recently been able to maintain a precarious balance between the opposing forces of philanthropy and self-interest, there are now unmistakable signs of a deliberate effort to tilt the programme in a more commercial direction. In this trend, the single case of Canada mirrors a more general pattern towards an increasingly commercial orientation in most donor aid programmes.

The aim of this thesis is to study the behaviour of the money supply of Trinidad and Tobago during the period from 1797 to 1964, and to relate it to the economic development of the country. No attempt will be made to discuss the implications of the Central Bank of Trinidad. The study ends at the time when the Bank was set up. In the course of the thesis I have described the capital market institutions and given a historical account of the development of the monetary framework of the economy. Both this, and the empirical analysis of the operations of the main institutions - the Eastern Caribbean Currency Board and the commercial banks for the period 1946 - 1964, have not, to my knowledge, been done before. It is hoped that these sections will be of value to students of money and banking, planning further studies in this field. [...]

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