Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

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Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

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Lau Lai Man. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-100). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation and Issues --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Contributions --- p.4 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Overview of Guangdong --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Geography --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Openness --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- Fiscal Decentralization --- p.13 / Chapter Chapter Three --- Literature Review --- p.18 / Chapter 3.1 --- Literature on Economic Growth and Interregional Disparities --- p.18 / Chapter 3.2 --- Literature on Inter-regional Disparities in China --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Methodology --- p.27 / Chapter 4.1 --- Two concepts of convergence --- p.27 / Chapter 4.2 --- Growth Equation --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter Five --- Estimation Issues --- p.39 / Chapter 5.1 --- Panel Data Estimation --- p.39 / Chapter 5.2 --- Other Econometric Issues --- p.43 / Chapter Chapter Six --- Estimation Results --- p.47 / Chapter 6.1 --- σ-convergence --- p.47 / Chapter 6.2 --- Unconditional β-Convergence --- p.49 / Chapter 6.3 --- Estimation of the Growth Equation and Conditional β-Convergence --- p.50 / Chapter 6.4 --- Summary and Interpretation of Major Findings --- p.58 / Chapter 6.5 --- Guangdong's Intra-provincial Disparities in Light of the Empirical Results --- p.61 / Chapter Chapter Seven --- Conclusion and Policy Implications --- p.64 / Chapter 7.1 --- Summary of Salient Findings --- p.64 / Chapter 7.2 --- Policy Implications --- p.65 / Appendix I --- p.71 / Appendix II --- p.73 / Appendix III --- p.75 / Tables --- p.78 / Figures --- p.91 / Bibliography --- p.96

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In the past two decades, social movements advocating for food sovereignty, the most visible being Via Campesina (the peasant's way), have successfully articulated an alternative paradigm to the dominant models of industrial food production and free trade. Food sovereignty is constructed upon particular conceptions of the moral economies of peasants and assumptions about how peasants deploy moral values and economic practices to resist commoditisation. This ethnography establishes how peasants relate to the commoditisation of grain, land and labour in their everyday lives, and in turn reflects on what a food sovereignty rooted in campesino moral economies would look like. To do this, I conducted fieldwork in a village in the Matagalpa Highlands of Nicaragua, documenting campesinos' everyday practices, moral ideologies and social norms regarding the production, transfer and exchange of food, land and labour. This research breaks down the idea that market exchanges are only profit-seeking and gift-giving is solely the product of mutuality. I argue that campesino households and communities engage partially with capitalist markets whilst pursuing autonomy from them. This is achieved through resisting commoditisation to different degrees for different commodities, with moral norms allowing certain things to fall in and out of commodity status. Moral norms allow for grain and labour to be sold as a commodity in particular circumstances whereas fully resist the sale of land. Autonomy from the market is underpinned by ideologies of solidarity, shaped by the social embeddedness of exchanges determined by relations of kinship, affiliation and locality. Whilst these ideologies succeed in stalling capitalist accumulation, they can reproduce conservative notions of the family and disguise intra-community class inequalities. I show how market exchanges are frequently used to deliver solidarity and that family networks can also be used to extract profit: exchanges have become a contested battlefield, where exploiters can portray themselves as helpers.

Yuk-fai Fong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-71). / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- Review of Related Literature and Motivation of Research / Chapter 2.1 --- "Browning, Bourguignon, Chiappori and Lechene (1994)" --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Chiappori (1992) --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- "Bourguignon, Browning, Chiappori and Lechene (1993)" --- p.10 / Chapter 2.4 --- Motivation of Research --- p.11 / Chapter 3. --- The Identification of non-assignable consumption / Chapter 3.1 --- Extension from Previous Results --- p.15 / Chapter 3.2 --- An Alternative Approach --- p.18 / Chapter 4. --- Identification in case of Incomplete Observation of Private Expenditure / Chapter 4.1 --- The BBCL Approach --- p.22 / Chapter 4.2 --- An Alternative Approach of Identification --- p.24 / Chapter 4.3 --- Inclusion of Exogenous variables in Sharing Rule: Structural vs. Reduced form --- p.30 / Chapter 4.4 --- Test for Omission of Some Items in the Total Private Expenditure --- p.35 / Chapter 4.5 --- Designation of Nature of Goods- A Remark --- p.36 / Chapter 5. --- Extension to Include Private Leisure as a Choice Variable of Individuals / Chapter 5.1 --- Difficulties in Identification of Sharing Rule of Total Private Expenditure in a Framework of Free Labor Choice --- p.38 / Chapter 5.2 --- Identification of Sharing Rule of Total Private Expenditure Without Observation of Private Leisure --- p.41 / Chapter 5.3 --- Identification of Sharing Rule in Structural Form with the Observation of Unearned Incomes --- p.46 / Chapter 6. --- Possibility of Identifying the Sharing Rule of Total Private Expenditure under Incomplete Observation of Consumption of Commodities --- p.49 / Chapter 6.1 --- Identification of ) --- p.50 / Chapter 7. --- Parametric Examples for Illustration / Chapter 7.1 --- Example I --- p.57 / Chapter 7.2 --- Example II --- p.61 / Chapter 8. --- Conclusion --- p.65 / Appendix --- p.67 / Reference --- p.69

Qiu Hong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-99). / List of Tables and Figures --- p.v / List of Symbols and Abbreviations --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Theoretical Model --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- Empirical Investigation --- p.6 / Chapter 2.3 --- Empirical Studies on Chinese Economy --- p.9 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Review of Openness and Pattern of Regional Development in China --- p.11 / Chapter 3.1 --- About the Openness --- p.11 / Chapter 3.2 --- Pattern of Regional Development in The Post-1978 Period --- p.14 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Data Issues and Methods of Estimation --- p.17 / Chapter 4.1 --- Data Issues --- p.17 / Chapter 4.2 --- Selection of Methods of Estimation --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Neoclassical Growth Accounting : Bench-Mark Model --- p.23 / Chapter 5.1 --- The Bench-Mark Model --- p.23 / Chapter 5.2 --- Results --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- The Contribution of Human Capital --- p.32 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Export and Economic Growth --- p.43 / Chapter 7.1 --- Review of Provincial Export Performance --- p.43 / Chapter 7.2 --- Export Growth : Model and Results --- p.43 / Chapter 7.3 --- Export Share --- p.52 / Chapter 7.4 --- Inter-Sector Spillover : A Feder Type Analysis --- p.57 / Chapter 7.5 --- Understanding Superior Contribution of Exports In NIA and SC : Composition of Export --- p.61 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth --- p.64 / Chapter Chapter 9 --- Determinant of Economic Growth : Barro Style Analysis --- p.73 / Chapter 9.1 --- Openness : Exports and FDI --- p.73 / Chapter 9.2 --- Human Capital --- p.74 / Chapter 9.3 --- Interaction of Human Capital and Export --- p.77 / Chapter 9.4 --- Convergence --- p.79 / Chapter 9.5 --- Fisical Policy --- p.82 / Chapter 9.6 --- Reform of Price System --- p.88 / Chapter 9.7 --- Ownership Reform --- p.88 / Chapter Chapter 10 --- Conclusion --- p.91 / Chapter 10.1 --- Summary of Main Findings --- p.91 / Chapter 10.2 --- Suggestion on Further Study --- p.93 / Reference --- p.95

Since World War II the five historic Central American nations, Costa Rica, EI Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua, underwent a period of aggregate economic growth which was followed by a collapse of dramatic proportions. All five countries experienced an economic downturn in the latter 1970s which led to several years of declining GDP and GDP per capita, together with an economic and social disarray which is typically referred to as "la crisis" in Central American literature. The intent of this study is to present an argument for the position that the economic collapse of the five Central American nations was due in considerable part to their failure to pursue economic development in a manner which would generate sustainable increase. Based on a conception of modern economic growth and the statistical studies of Simon Kuznets and others since the 1940s, a set of indicators was selected for the purpose of clarifying the structural transformation referred to as economic development. This formulation of economic development was then used to distinguish the process from the simple aggregate expansion known as economic growth. The economic development indicators were also applied to the statistical records of two east Asian economies which were comparable in many respects to the Central American nations shortly after World War II. Both Taiwan and South Korea, like the nations of Central America, emerged from the 1940s as dominantly agricultural, dualistic, importers of manufactured consumer goods. The study begins with an examination of the growth versus development issue in economic theory, proceeds to discussion of the historical record of the two sets of nations, consideration of the indicators, evaluation of the data, and conclusions based on the data. The development indicators clearly distinguish the records of the Central American nations from those of the east Asians. Whereas both Taiwan and South Korea illustrate the expectations of structural transformation in economic development as defined by Simon Kuznets, the Central American nations obviously do not. Conclusions are drawn that the policies which were followed by the two east Asian nations generated the complex structural transformation which characterizes an industrialized economy. The strictly market driven policies of Central America, on the other hand, generated simple aggregate growth for a number of years without a change in the structure of the economy. The study presents evidence that the Central American nations avoided structural change during the post-World War II period in anticipation of receiving the benefits of growth without undergoing the costs of a change in structure. Such a change in structure would have required reorganization of long-standing historic patterns of national social, economic and political interaction.