Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-17T13:22:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaHelenaVarellaBevilacqua_TESE.pdf: 4834986 bytes, checksum: ffaa031d5941bd3e8c15b66a0e5cb8d6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-19T13:46:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaHelenaVarellaBevilacqua_TESE.pdf: 4834986 bytes, checksum: ffaa031d5941bd3e8c15b66a0e5cb8d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-19T13:46:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaHelenaVarellaBevilacqua_TESE.pdf: 4834986 bytes, checksum: ffaa031d5941bd3e8c15b66a0e5cb8d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Os recursos pesqueiros marinhos det?m grande import?ncia econ?mica, social e ecol?gica garantindo a gera??o de renda e a seguran?a alimentar para trabalhadores ligados direta e indiretamente ao setor pesqueiro. A din?mica ecol?gica destes recursos determina a atividade pesqueira que por sua vez, provoca mudan?as nos estoques explorados. Estas mudan?as atingem todo o ecossistema e n?o apenas as esp?cies mais comercializadas, devido ? pesca acidental, ao descarte e a remo??o de presas ou predadores. Contudo, em pa?ses em desenvolvimento, o uso de recursos marinhos ? pouco ou nada regulamentado o que acarreta na falta de manejo adequado. Assim, a gest?o desta atividade requer uma avalia??o ecossist?mica com foco n?o apenas nos recursos, mas tamb?m na pesca e nos usu?rios dos recursos. Assim, neste trabalho s?o utilizadas abordagens ecossist?mica e econ?mica para gerar informa??es que possam ser utilizadas para subsidiar pol?ticas de manejo ecossist?mico da atividade pesqueira. O primeiro cap?tulo alia o conhecimento cient?fico e o conhecimento tradicional dos pescadores na modelagem ecossist?mica da pesca, abrindo caminho para a utiliza??o da metodologia para a elabora??o de planos de manejo de pesca voltados para o ecossistema. Neste cap?tulo, conclui-se que os pescadores podem ser fontes confi?veis de informa??es sobre a biologia e ecologia das principais esp?cies alvo da atividade pesqueira, contribuindo para a cria??o de modelos sobre a din?mica pesqueira que possam subsidiar a??es efetivas de manejo ecossist?mico. O segundo cap?tulo traz a modelagem da cadeia de valores da pesca de pequena escala, identificando a participa??o dos atores e como os benef?cios econ?micos s?o distribu?dos ao longo da cadeia. Neste estudo de caso, concluiu-se que a seguran?a alimentar da comunidade pesqueira exerce uma import?ncia maior no recebimento do pescado em compara??o ?s comunidades tur?sticas do entorno. Assim, o turismo deixa de ser observado como o receptador de boa parte da produ??o local. No terceiro cap?tulo analisamos a combina??o de indicadores de produ??o, econ?micos e do pescador (sociais) entre as comunidades com maior e menor grau de depend?ncia do turismo. O turismo pode ser visto como fonte alternativa de rendimento em comunidades costeiras desde que bem manejado. O quarto cap?tulo traz uma an?lise que visa descrever as caracter?sticas da composi??o de esp?cies desembarcadas, visando uma melhor compreens?o da din?mica do sistema sociocultural que influenciam nas capturas de recursos naturais. Sob o cen?rio de pesca sem dados e turismo em crescimento, s?o urgentemente necess?rias a??es para projetar com cuidado o turismo gerenciado e a pesca comercial bem regulada para toda a ?rea costeira. O quinto e ?ltimo cap?tulo aborda a pesca praticada em ambientes recifais. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os principais impulsionadores da pesca de recifes para o setor de pequena escala ao longo de um gradiente de press?o de pesca em oito comunidades do nordeste brasileiro. As comunidades estudadas foram divididas em categorias de press?o de pesca para explorar se as caracter?sticas das esp?cies est?o relacionadas ?s condi??es socioecon?micas e comparar suas caracter?sticas de pesca. Os resultados sugerem que fatores econ?micos s?o as vari?veis que explicam a variabilidade dos desembarques de esp?cies de recifes entre as comunidades. Este conhecimento pode ser ?til para o desenvolvimento de planos de gest?o eficazes que possam beneficiar economicamente os pescadores. / Marine fishing resources have great economic, social and ecological importance, guaranteeing the generation of income and food security for workers directly and indirectly linked to the fishing industry. The ecological dynamics of these resources determines the fishing activity which, in turn, causes changes in the exploited stocks. These changes affect the entire ecosystem and not only the most commercialized species due to by-catch, discarding and the removal of prey or predators. However, in developing countries, the use of marine resources is little or nothing regulated which leads to a lack of adequate management. Thus, the management of this activity requires an ecosystem assessment focusing not only on resources, but also on fishing and users of resources. Thus, in this work, ecosystemic and economic approaches are used to generate information that can be used to subsidize policies of ecosystem management of the fishing activity. The first chapter combines the scientific knowledge and the fishers? traditional knowledge for the ecosystemic modeling of fishing, opening the way for the use of the methodology for the elaboration of fishery management plans focused on the ecosystem. In this chapter, we conclude that fishermen can be reliable sources of information on the biology and ecology of the main target species of the fishing activity, contributing to the creation of models on the fishing dynamics that can subsidize effective actions of ecosystem management. The second chapter provides modeling of the small-scale fishing value chain, identifying stakeholder participation and how economic benefits are distributed along the chain. In this case study, it was concluded that the food security of the fishing community is of greater importance in receiving the fish compared to the surrounding tourist communities. Thus, tourism is no longer seen as the recipient of much of the local production. In the third chapter we analyze the combination of production, economic and fishermen indicators (social) between communities with a degree of dependence on tourism. Tourism can be seen as an alternative source of income in coastal communities since well managed. The fourth chapter presents an analysis that aims to describe the characteristics of the composition of landed species, aiming at a better understanding of the dynamics of the socio-cultural system that influence the capture of natural resources. Under the dwindling and growing tourism landscape, action is urgently needed to carefully design managed tourism and well-regulated commercial fishing for the entire coastal area. The final chapter deals with fishing practiced in reef environments. The main objective of this study was to identify the main drivers of reef fishing for the small-scale sector along a fishing pressure gradient in eight communities in northeastern Brazil. The studied communities were divided into fishing pressure categories to explore whether species characteristics are related to socioeconomic conditions and to compare their fishing characteristics. The results suggest that economic factors are the variables that explain the variability of the landings of reef species among communities. This knowledge can be useful for the development of effective management plans that can economically benefit fishermen.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:55:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RobertoR_DISSERT.pdf: 1125393 bytes, checksum: 639c9308ec555425dc29f7b3bad222f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-31 / The diversity of fish species from South America has been affected by various anthropogenic practices. Some studies have reported the influence that illegal transferring or introduction of exotic species have on the trophic webs of continental lakes. The loss of diversity on fish populations and consequent impacts on fishery are commonly evidenced in these cases. The Brazilian Northeast has ponds for which exotic Amazonian species were transferred as Extremoz Lake. These environments serve as study models for comparison and investigation about the possible impacts of these introductions. We tested the hypothesis that loss of species that this trend can be related with the insertion of the genus Cichla, commonly documented as top predator in its endemic environment. Possible structural causes that interfere in other processes such as migration were also investigated. Thus, the local ecological knowledge of fishermen and a current ecotrophic model were used. We took samples of phytoplankton, zooplankton and fishes during two annual cycles. Concurrently, we made interviews with the fishing community. In fact, there are relations between the loss of fish and the insertion of peacock bass in Extremoz Lake. However, Cichla kelberi was not indicated as primary factor to explain fish species decline. The construction of bridges located in the Rio Doce was main factor for respondents and what explains loss of species. The migration of saltwater fish and / or from the river to Extremoz Lake is hindered by the unsuitability of the crossing-streams that are under these structures. According to the ecotrophic model Hoplias malabaricus was considered key-species and Cichla kelberi top predator. This last trend was similarly noticed in the stomach and local ecological knowledge of fishermen analysis. Overfishing simulations to Cichla kelberi resulted that only raising its captures in 200%, other native species would increase their biomass values only 15 to 30% (in 6 years).The negative effects of the alien species introduction without prior studies and lack of investments in appropriating these constructions to the needs of the fish fauna structures seem to act simultaneously. Both are causing the decline of fish species richness and consequent local artisanal fishery collapse / A diversidade de esp?cies de peixes da Am?rica do Sul vem sendo afetada por diversas pr?ticas antr?picas. Alguns estudos t?m documentado os efeitos resultantes destas transfer?ncias ilegais de esp?cies ex?ticas. A perda de riqueza da ictiofauna e consequente desarticula??o da pesca t?m sido evidenciadas nestes casos. O nordeste brasileiro apresenta lagoas para as quais foram transferidas esp?cies ex?ticas amaz?nicas, como a Lagoa de Extremoz. Estes ambientes servem como modelos de estudo para fins de compara??o e investiga??o dos poss?veis impactos decorrentes destas introdu??es. Testamos a hip?tese de que a perda de riqueza da ictiofauna e consequente desarticula??o da pesca artesanal exibem rela??o com a inser??o do g?nero Cichla, comumente documentado como predador de topo em seu ambiente end?mico. Poss?veis causas estruturais que interferissem em outros processos, como os de migra??o, tamb?m foram investigadas. Para tanto, o conhecimento ecol?gico local dos pescadores e um modelo ecotr?fico atual foram utilizados. Durante dois ciclos anuais, efetuamos amostragens de fitopl?ncton, zoopl?ncton e peixes. Concomitantemente, efetuamos entrevistas com a comunidade de pescadores. Segundo os resultados obtidos, pode-se inferir que existe um padr?o de queda de riqueza das esp?cies de peixes da lagoa de Extremoz. Por?m, Cichla kelberi n?o foi indicado como fator principal para que este decl?nio viesse a ocorrer. A constru??o de pontes, localizadas no Rio Doce, foi apontada pelo conhecimento ecol?gico local como fator prim?rio para que o n?mero de esp?cies diminu?sse neste ambiente. A migra??o de peixes de ?gua salgada e/ou provenientes do Oceano Atl?ntico para a Lagoa de Extremoz parece ter sido impedida com os impactos causados por estas obras c?veis, especialmente no que diz respeito ? inadequa??o das manilhas ?s necessidades da ictiofauna. Segundo o modelo ecotr?fico, Hoplias malabaricus foi considerada esp?cie-chave e Cichla kelberi predador de topo, tend?ncia similarmente obtida nas an?lises estomacais e atrav?s do conhecimento ecol?gico local dos pescadores. Simula??es de sobre pesca para o tucunar? indicaram inviabilidade em rela??o ao aumento da captura desta esp?cie. Em 6 anos, mesmo aumentando a pesca de tucunar? em 200%, outras esp?cies poderiam aumentar sua biomassa somente em 15 e 30%. A influ?ncia negativa da inser??o de esp?cies ex?ticas sem estudo pr?vio para determinados ambientes e a falta de investimento em estruturas adequadas ?s necessidades da ictiofauna parecem atuar simultaneamente, causando o decl?nio da riqueza de esp?cies e consequente colapso da pesca artesanal local

La surexploitation des prédateurs de haut niveau trophique (HTLP) peut déclencher des cascades trophiques qui souvent conduisent à une simplification des réseaux trophiques marins en réduisant leur résistance aux impacts humains. Les aires marines protégées (AMP) peuvent favoriser des augmentations d’abondance et biomasse des HTLP, mais la complète restauration des interactions trophiques, lorsque cela est possible, nécessite des délais importants. Cette thèse vise à proposer des outils intégrés de gestion pour évaluer le retour des HTLP et la restauration des interactions trophiques dans les AMP méditerranéennes, et à évaluer l’efficacité de ces outils pour estimer les impacts de la pêche sur les HTLP et le réseau trophique associé. Deux approches souvent éloignées ont été combinées : les suivis de terrain et la modélisation des réseaux trophiques. Pour échantillonner la communauté de poissons, nous avons proposé d'améliorer la technique traditionnelle de recensement visuel sous-marin en recourant à des transects de taille variable, adaptée à la mobilité des poissons. Cette méthode a alors permis d'augmenter la précision des estimations de densité et de biomasse des HTLP dans les trois AMP méditerranéennes suivies. Ensuite, nous avons évalué l'apport de la modélisation trophique avec les approches EwE et EcoTroph comme outil de gestion écosystémique pour les AMP méditerranéennes. Une structure standard de modèle a été proposée comme étant le meilleur compromis entre la complexité du modèle, la faisabilité de sa construction et la fiabilité de ses sorties. / The overexploitation of high trophic level predators (HTLP) may trigger trophic cascades, often leading to a simplification of marine food-webs and reducing their resilience to human impacts. Marine protected areas (MPAs) can foster increases of HTLP abundance and biomass, but long time frames are needed to observe a recovery, when possible, of lost trophic interactions. This PhD aimed to propose integrated management-tools to monitor HTLP recovery and the restoration of trophic interactions in Mediterranean MPAs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of these tools at assessing fishing impacts upon HTLP and the associated food-web. Two often distant approaches were combined: field monitoring and food-web modelling. First, to survey the fish assemblage, we proposed to improve the traditional underwater visual census technique of one size-transects with variable size transects adapted to fish mobility. This improvement increased the accuracy of density and biomass estimates of HTLP at three Mediterranean MPAs. We then evaluated the potential of food-web modelling with the Ecopath with Ecosim and Ecotroph approach as a tool to inform ecosystem-based management in Mediterranean MPAs. We proposed a standard model structure as the best compromise between model complexity, feasibility of model construction in terms of data collection, and reliability of model outputs. Key functional groups for which local accurate biomass data should be collected in priority in order to get reliable model outputs were identified.

L'objectif principal de cette thèse était d'étudier la dynamique spatiale et temporelle de la structure des communautés de poissons du fleuve Mékong en aval et du grand lac Tonlé Sap au Cambodge. Les deux systèmes sont fortement liés et caractérisés par les systèmes d'inondation pulsés. À l'aide d'approches multivariées sur des bases de données piscicoles, environnementales et des traits fonctionnels des taxons étudiés, j'ai pu mettre en évidence : * les gradients longitudinaux des caractéristiques physicochimiques des eaux et l'importance relative des facteurs environnementaux dans la structuration des communautés de poissons à large échelle ; * la structure temporelle des communautés de poissons qui est fortement liée aux traits fonctionnels des taxons et déclenchée par les crues occasionnées du système * la structure de base du réseau trophique et l'état écologique du système d'inondation pulsé qui est perturbé par la pression anthropique. Ces résultats ont démontré leurs valeurs quant à leurs potentiels de transferts vers la compréhension écologique et la gestion durable des ressources de pêches dans le système d'inondation pulsé en Asie tropicale en relevant que : * la connectivité entre le fleuve Mékong et le lac Tonlé Sap est indispensable pour les poissons pour compléter leurs cycles de vie, et la conservation devrait prioritairement s'effectuer au milieu du Mékong où se trouve la plus forte diversité. * dans le système d'inondation pulsé, la structure temporelle des communautés dépend des dynamiques des crues, donc l'aménagement des cours d'eau est à éviter au maximum. * la compréhension bioécologique complète des communautés et leurs relations trophiques sont primordiales pour la mise en place des plans de gestion et de conservation à long terme. / The main objective of the thesis was to study the spatial and temporal dynamics of fish community structure in Lower Mekong river basin and Tonle Sap Great Lake in Cambodia. These two systems are strongly connected to each other and characterised by flood pulse system. By using the multivariate approaches on the fish, environmental and fish functional traits data sets, I am able to highlight: * the longitudinal gradients of physicochemical characteristics of water and the relative importance of environmental factors in explaining the large scale patterns of fish community; * the temporal structure of fish community, which is strongly linked to functional traits of fish and trigged by the pulse dynamics of the system; * the baseline trophic structure model and ecological health assessment of flood pulse system, which is disturbed by anthropogenic pressure. These results have demonstrated their values as well as their potentials to transfers toward an ecological understanding and sustainable fisheries resource management of the flood pulse system in tropical Asia by suggesting: * the connectivity between Mekong river and Tonle Sap lek is essential for fish to complete their life cycle and also the conservation should be done in the middle part of Lower Mekong river where containing the highest diversity; * in flood pulse system, the temporal structure of fish community strongly depend on the dynamics of pulses; therefore any river development must be strictly prohibited; * complete bio-ecological understanding of communities and their trophic relationships are crucial to the establishment of long-term management and conservation plans.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:21:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ronny Jose de Morais.pdf: 2115544 bytes, checksum: 03e8e5ddfa9ad11a524561cb60350796 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-25 / In this study trophic interactions and flows of energy/matter of three lagoons in the Pantanal (MS) submitted to the annual flood pulse - Baia da Onça, Braço Morto Acima and Braço Morto Abaixo - were analyzed with models of mass balance constructed using the Ecopath software. Thus, the objectives were: (i) to describe the mechanisms that control the dynamics of trophic webs, (ii) to identify the major groups that act as keystone, (iii) to identify information gaps for these environments, (iv) to quantify the ecotrophic community and assess the degree of development of the ecosystem. In addition to several fish compartments in other groups were inserted to compose the models, such as phytoplankton, macrophytes, zooplankton, aquatic insects, terrestrial insects, birds, reptiles and mammals. The data from fish compartments were collected in 1988-1990 and the other compartments were taken from literature. To identify the groups that act as keystone an index that is based on the trophic impact matrix of each model was used. The results indicate that in the three models, biomass and number of species concentrated between trophic levels 2 and 3, suggesting that within these levels there is greater stability, allowing the coexistence of species. In the three models, the most effective contribution of the energy flow is observed from the detritus compartment to the trophic level II, highlighting the role of detritivores in the systems. The trophic impact matrix obtained for the three models confirms the participation of detritus and some compartments found in lower trophic levels (aquatic insects and zooplankton) over most of the groups in the models, suggesting a bottom up control system. However, the presence of top predators and their strong relationships with other groups suggest the presence of top-down effect. This is verified by analysis of the index of keystone, which in the three models is greater for detritus, Hoplias malabaricus, Serrasalmus spp, birds and mammals. So, there are in the three lagoons a matched control (bottom-up and top-down) with the acting of primary producers and higher trophic levels. The analysis of some ecosystem attributes, such as PP/R, Ascendency, Overhead and Ratio Schödinger show that the three systems are mature and have high resilience. This study is considered an initial step in the synthesis of ecological interactions about the Pantanal lagoons (MS) for that there are no studies with this approach to this ecosystem. / Neste trabalho, as interações tróficas e os fluxos de energia/matéria de três lagoas marginais do Pantanal (MS) submetidas ao pulso de inundação anual - Baía da Onça, Braço Morto Acima e Braço Morto Abaixo - foram analisados com modelos de balanço de massas elaborados no software Ecopath. Assim, os objetivos foram: (i) descrever os mecanismos que controlam a dinâmica das teias tróficas; (ii) identificar os principais grupos que atuam como espécie-chave; (iii) identificar as lacunas de informação para estes ambientes; (iv) quantificar a comunidade ecotrófica e avaliar o grau de desenvolvimento do ecossistema. Além dos diversos compartimentos peixes, foram inseridos outros grupos para compor os modelos, como fitoplâncton, macrófitas, zooplâncton, insetos aquáticos, insetos terrestres, aves, répteis e mamíferos. Os dados dos compartimentos peixes foram coletados em 1988-1990 e dos outros compartimentos foram retirados da literatura. Para identificar os grupos que atuam como espécie-chave foi utilizado um índice que se baseia na matriz de impacto trófico de cada modelo. Os resultados indicam que nos três modelos, a biomassa e o número de espécies concentrou-se entre os níveis tróficos 2 e 3, sugerindo que dentro destes níveis ocorre uma maior estabilidade, o que permite a coexistência de espécies. Nos três modelos a contribuição mais efetiva do fluxo de energia é observada do compartimento de detritos para o nível trófico II, evidenciando o papel da detritivoria nos sistemas. A matriz de impacto trófico obtida para os três modelos corrobora a participação dos detritos e de alguns compartimentos presentes em níveis tróficos inferiores (insetos aquáticos e zooplâncton) sobre a maioria dos grupos nos modelos, sugerindo um controle bottom-up no sistema. No entanto, a presença de predadores de topo e suas fortes relações com os demais grupos sugerem ainda a presença do efeito top-down. Isto é verificado pela análise do índice de espécie-chave, que nos três modelos é maior para detritos, Hoplias malabaricus, Serrasalmus spp, aves e mamíferos. Portanto, há nas três lagoas um controle combinado (bottom-up e top-down) com a atuação dos produtores primários e dos níveis tróficos superiores. A análise de alguns atributos ecossistêmicos, como PP/R, Ascendência, Overhead e Razão de Schödinger mostram que os três sistemas são maduros e possuem alta resiliência. Este estudo é considerado um passo inicial na síntese das interações ecológicas sobre as lagoas marginais do Pantanal (MS) haja vista que não há trabalhos com esta abordagem para este ecossistema.

Dans le double cadre de la conservation des écosystèmes soumis à l'exploitation et du développement durable d'une pêcherie, cette étude intégrée d'écologie benthique concerne la structure, le fonctionnement et l'évolution des communautés benthiques du plateau continental Nord Gascogne. Deux communautés distinctes ont été mises en évidence : une première dans la partie centrale de la Grande Vasière et une autre au niveau de la marge externe. Les divergences structurelles au sein de ces communautés traduisent un fonctionnement différent de ces deux écosystèmes contraints par des apports trophiques, des relations biotiques et des régimes de perturbations très différents. Des différences remarquables, notamment sur l'épifaune, ont été détectées en relation avec les perturbations engendrées par le passage des engins traînants. La comparaison des communautés à 35 ans d'intervalle révèle une évolution à long terme des entités biosédimentaires. La structure du réseau d'interactions trophiques a été précisée, en termes de niveaux trophiques et d'origine de la nourriture. Les apports trophiques par sédimentation ont été quantifiés. Aux échelles spatio-temporelles considérées, ils montrent une forte variabilité traduisant le rôle majeur des forçages physiques. Les données acquises au cours de cette étude ont été utilisées pour développer un modèle de réseau trophique à l'état stable de l'écosystème bentho-démersal de la Grande Vasière. A l'échelle annuelle, ce modèle révèle que la majeure partie des apports trophiques par sédimentation n'est pas consommée, que la pression de prédation exercée sur les consommateurs primaires benthiques est forte et que l'incidence des rejets de pêche dans le fonctionnement trophique de cet écosystème est faible. La définition de stratégies de gestion des pêcheries en terme de préservation des écosystèmes soumis à l'exploitation et de développement durable de ces activités doit prendre en compte l'ampleur et les rythmes de ces modifications.

No description available.

Marine and coastal ecosystems are subject to diverse and increasingly intensive anthropogenic activities, making understanding cumulative effects critically important. However, accurately accounting for the cumulative effects of human impacts can be difficult, with the possibility of multiple stressors interacting and having greater impacts than expected, compounding direct and indirect effects on individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems. Assessment of multiple stressors therefore requires extensive scientific research that directly tests how single or multiple ecological components are affected by stressors, both singly and when combined, and as a consequence, cumulative effects assessments are now increasingly included in environmental assessments. Currently, there is a need to assess these at larger spatial scales, with additional research also urgently needed on the responses of ecological components, processes and functions to single and cumulative stressors. As cumulative environmental impacts could be better addressed by regional stressor effects assessments that combine methods for predicting multiple pressures on ecosystem recovery alongside degradation, this study used several separate approaches that can be used in parallel to give support for local management measures. I tested four completely different methods - a range of multi-metric indices, a food web model (Ecopath), a predictive model (Ecosim) and a Bayesian Belief Network model. Each approach was tested and compared in two shallow water estuarine systems, in Scotland and England, initially concerning the impact of nutrient enrichment and subsequent recovery and was followed by an investigation of how the addition of multiple stressors (nutrient levels, temperature and river-flow rates) would impact the future state of each system. The response to stressors was highly context dependent, varying between and within geographic locations. Overall, each of the four different approaches complemented each other and gave strong support for the need to make big reductions in the pressures and to consider trade-offs between impacting pressures. The models and tools also indicate that in order to reach an improved overall environmental state of each ecosystem, a focus on nutrient reductions are likely to be the most effective of the controls on stressors explored and that cumulative effects of the management of nutrient inputs and increased water temperatures and river-flow are likely to exist.

As political debate over the overexploitation of fish stocks rages on, UBC’s Fisheries Centre is targeting the responsible management of aquatic ecosystems from multiple perspectives.