Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5057.pdf: 23775437 bytes, checksum: 35999f70d031ff896f0c9d9fa6245150 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-21 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The environmental situation of the cities, especially the larger ones, presents serious problems arising from human's inability to meet the demands of the agglomerations as they are settled, generating environments with low conditions of habitability. The supremacy of economic interests on natural ecosystems has established a complex network of impacts in raising resources to build the cities, from the extraction of material to the issuance of its final waste. In the last decades, several issues have been presented, many of them referring to urban systems, however, in spite of all the discussion related to preservation and restoration of ecosystems, there are still few transformations to be seen in the cities. This work aims to identify possible confrontations for this panorama, facing both the needs to meet demands for urban infrastructure and to preserve the environment by broadening the debate about implementation of solutions that comply characteristics and cycles of the territory, as well as increasing environmental quality to conviviality. Emphasis was given to the systems of rainwater management, since its inadequacies or shortcomings have been causing crescent collapses, with catastrophic consequences and severe damage to the affected populations. From reviewing some specific literature to this theme, such as Natural Engineering and Bioengineering of Soils, the concept of Urban Ecotechnique was defined, in which 8 variables have been outlined to analyze the application of 28 building techniques related to rainwater management systems, in order to evaluate the degree of service in qualitative sense. Finally, it has been done a discussion of the results from the interpolation of the information collected in an array, where the 28 techniques were crossed with the 8 variables, in an attempt to synthesize and better illustrate the result of the research process. It was noted that, in addition to the different degrees of service and readings generated, the association in chain of Ecotechniques and the cultural transformation of society can be guiding parameters of new attitudes to overcome the current situation. It was then concluded that the employment of Ecotechniques has been shown as a viable way of allying the resolution of urban environmental issues to the promotion of a cultural transformation that integrates people to the built environment, in a complete and natural way. / A situação ambiental das cidades, principalmente as de maior porte, apresenta graves problemas decorrentes da incapacidade humana de suprir as demandas das aglomerações ao passo em que elas se instalam, gerando ambientes com baixas condições de habitabilidade. A supremacia dos interesses econômicos sobre ecossistemas naturais estabeleceu uma complexa rede de impactos nas fontes de recursos necessários para a edificação das cidades, desde a extração à emissão de seus dejetos finais. Nas últimas décadas, foram apontadas inúmeras questões a serem enfrentadas, muitas delas referentes aos sistemas urbanos, mas, apesar de todo o debate relacionado com a preservação e recuperação dos ecossistemas, ainda poucas transformações são apreciadas nas cidades. O presente trabalho procura apontar possíveis enfrentamentos desse quadro, considerando tanto as necessidades de se suprir demandas por infraestrutura urbana quanto de se preservar o meio natural, visando ampliar o debate sobre a implementação de soluções que respeitem as características e ciclos do território, bem como criar ambientes com maior qualidade para o convívio. Foi dada uma ênfase aos sistemas de manejo de águas pluviais, uma vez que suas inadequações ou insuficiências vêm causando crescentes colapsos, trazendo consequências catastróficas e severos prejuízos às populações afetadas. A partir de uma revisão bibliográfica específica ao tema, como a Engenharia Natural e a Bioengenharia de Solos, foi definido o conceito de Ecotécnica Urbana, sobre o qual elencou-se 8 variáveis para a análise da aplicação de 28 técnicas construtivas relativas a sistemas de manejo de águas pluviais, a fim de se avaliar o grau de atendimento num sentido qualitativo. Por fim, foi realizada uma discussão dos resultados a partir da interpolação das informações colhidas em uma matriz, onde as 28 técnicas foram cruzadas com as 8 variáveis, procurando-se sintetizar e melhor ilustrar o resultado do processo de pesquisa. Notou-se que, para além dos diferentes graus de atendimento e leituras geradas, a associação em cadeia de Ecotécnicas e a transformação cultural da sociedade podem ser parâmetros norteadores de novas posturas que visem à superação da atual situação. Concluiu-se então que o emprego de Ecotécnicas mostra-se como um caminho viável para se aliar a resolução de questões ambientais urbanas à promoção de uma transformação cultural que integre, de forma mais plena e natural, as pessoas ao ambiente construído.

The aim of the thesis was to explore current approaches used for valuation according to the valuation regulation. The next aim was to choose appropriate method for finding usual price and compare it with the price assessed determined by administrative methods according to Valuation Decree. Comperative method was the chosen method. There are six forest properties from The Czech Republic evaluated in the practical part of the study. The conclusion of the thesis summarizes detected information from the area of valuation of forest.

In the presented thesis is an overview of the current state solved the problem, specifying the inclusion of Forensic Ecotechnique: forest and trees into the forensic sciences in the world and its description as part of special methods of forensic engineering. The results focus on the design of standardized and harmonized processes according to the type of expert opinions. As another of the key results of the work are designed functional biometric parameters for evaluating trees in the functional diagnosis of Methods of contact flora assessment (“CFA”). Application of some methods of measurement and selected functional biometric parameters are listed in the examples in the measurement of selected forest stands of beech in the National Nature Reserve Voděradské bučiny and in Chřiby hills. As a general supplement usable in Forensic ecotechnique: forest and trees are given the limits for functional diagnostics. In another series of work includes a discussion on the proposed standards and the measurement results. The work is concluded by summarizing the results and the benefits.

The thesis presents the main points of standardization of remote sensing (RS) usage for Forensic Ecotechnique: forest and trees (FEft). Based on the study FEft expertise database, the types of expertise, which remote sensing data have already been used and the types where the use of remote sensing increases the exactness of solutions were analyzed. RS data are essential in a problematic situation when an examined object does not exist or has been changed at the time of the assignment. This situation may be solved by obtaining information about the investigated object via retrospective image data, as described in the model example. There are chosen categories of image data relevant to the needs of experts in this thesis. These categories of RS data and their products are described with an indication of their possible use in the expertise processing, including freely available or paid resources and archives of image data.

Problem situations in damage to forests as a result of construction activities is the total of its quantification, because of not only to damage to the forest and the land intended for the performance of the function of the forest, but also to damage to the water feature of the forest. The emergence of the crop damage and forest grounds occurs at the same time damage to the management. Broken water conditions on the forest grounds, inter alia, that the environmental damage (or one of its components), are also material injury for the owner of the forest, because it directly affect the amount of the additional costs linked to its management in the forest. The existing decree MZe ČR no. 55/1999 Coll. on the method of calculating the amount of loss or damage caused to forests assesses only the injury or damage to the forest and the land intended for the performance of the functions of the forest, but does the forest and its other non-production function as a forest ecosystem. The damage (the material injury) on the water feature of the forest is not the above mentioned decree dealt with. Initially formulated the problem lies in finding the right way of solving how to objectively quantify the financial damage to the forest, inc. damage to the water feature of the forest and thus closer to the actual damage to the exaktnosti forest, resulting in direct connection with the location and the realisation of the buildings.