No description available.

No description available.

M.Sc. / At present large scale extensive cropping of fish populations of impoundments is being undertaken by the agricultural departments of the government of the Republic of Venda and selfgoverning states of Lebowa and Gazankulu. Parasitological surveys coinciding with the cropping program revealed that Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) and Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) were infested by fish lice of the genus Dolops (Crustacea: Branchiura). A study was therefore initiated to examine the extent of these infestations and other impoundments in Transvaal were also included. A total of 14 localities in Transvaal extending from Bloemhof Dam in the Southwest to Luphephe and Nwanedzi Dams in the Northeast were surveyed during 1982 and 1983. At these localities fish were collected by means of gill nets, seining and electrofishing techniques. The collected fish were examined in a field laboratory at the collection localities for the presence of ectoparasitic Dolops. The fish were weighed and measured and the site of attachment of the parasites, if present, were recorded. The parasites were removed and fixed in either hot formalin or AFA. A number of parasites were transported alive to the laboratory in Johannesburg where they were kept in glass aquaria and their life cycle studied. A morphological description based on light microscopy as well as scanning electronmicroscopy of the eggs, larvae and adults were made, and comparative body dimensions of parasites from various localities recorded. It was found that only one species of Dolops that is D. ranarum (Stuhlmann, 1891) occurred in Transvaal. This parasite was found in only five of the 14 examined localities of which all were situated in Northern Transvaal, north of the watershed.

Ectoparasites are a common occurrence in backyard and commercial chickens and present a severe health challenge in certain circumstances. The accurate identification of the parasite is important in properly treating and preventing re-infestation. The feeding behavior of the pest species and management factors of the chicken affect outcomes of different types of treatment strategies. Most commercial products come in dusts, fogs, mists and sprays. The novel use of a topical spot-on pesticide can provide efficient adulticidal activity against stick tight fleas (Echidnophaga gallinacea) and bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) associated with poultry in Mississippi.

No description available.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-23T18:37:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Juliana Cardoso de Almeida.pdf: 1788977 bytes, checksum: 32bed37dce6adc8c6b81527f64e5c72a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-23T18:37:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Juliana Cardoso de Almeida.pdf: 1788977 bytes, checksum: 32bed37dce6adc8c6b81527f64e5c72a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-01 / FAPERJ / CNPq / CAPES / This study refer to the interaction of ectoparasites mites (Macronyssidae and Spinturnicidae) and their hosts bats in Brazil. These mites have a cosmopolitan distribution and are hematophagous. Also they show high degree of specificity with their hosts, suggesting cospeciation and cophylogeny. The first chapter of this research is a taxonomic catalog of macronyssids and spinturnicids species with their respective hosts in Brazilian collection site. Through literature review was presented a current overview about the distribution of these mites in Brazil. Chapter II reports for the first time, spinturrnicids mites in the states of Cear? and Mato Grosso. Specimens of bats and their ectoparasites were collected in areas of Caatinga and Pantanal biomes, the Private Reserve of the Natural Patrimony Serra das Almas and RPPN SESC Pantanal, respectively. In both areas was captured a total of 588 espinturnic?deos. The occurrence of Cameronieta Machado-Allison, 1965 genus and the species Mesoperiglischrus natali (Furman, 1966) as well as four new associations (Periglischrus iheringi Oudemans, 1902 - Chiroderma vizottoi Taddei & Lim, 2010; Periglischrus micronycteridis Furman, 1966 - Micronycteris sanborni Simmons, 1996; P. paracutisternus Machado-Allison & Antequera, 1971 ? Trachops cirrhosus Spix 1823; Spinturnix americanus (Banks, 1902) - Myotis riparius Handley, 1960) are registered for the first time in Brazil. In chapter III is present a brief review of the taxonomic history of Cameronieta (Acari: Spinturnicidae), redefining the genus, and clarifying some questions that remain concerning the biology and systematic of the group. Were examined over 300 comparative specimens of Cameronieta Machado-Allison, 1965 in slides collections from Cear? (Brasil), Michoacan (M?xico) and Falcon (Venezuela). Additionally, Cameronieta almaensis n.sp. is described on pteronotus parnelli (Gray, 1843) from the in Reserva Serra das Almas, northeastern Brazil, Cear?, Brazil. / Este trabalho apresenta a intera??o de ?caros ectoparasitos (Macronyssidae e Spinturnicidae) e seus hospedeiros morcegos no Brasil. Os membros dessas fam?lias s?o hemat?fagos e possuem distribui??o cosmopolita. Al?m disso, mostram um alto grau de especificidade com seus hospedeiros, sugerindo coespecia??o e cofilogenia. O primeiro cap?tulo deste trabalho ? um cat?logo taxon?mico das esp?cies de ?caros macronyss?deos e espinturnic?deos com seus respectivos hospedeiros e as localidades de coleta no Brasil. Atrav?s de revis?o bibliogr?fica foi constru?do um panorama atual da distribui??o desses ?caros no territ?rio brasileiro. O cap?tulo II reporta pela primeira vez, ?caros espinturnic?deos nos estados do Cear? e Mato Grosso. Os esp?cimes de morcegos com seus ectoparasitos foram coletados em ?reas dos biomas Caatinga e Pantanal, na Reserva Particular do Patrim?nio Natural Serra das Almas e RPPN Sesc Pantanal respectivamente. Em ambas as ?reas foram coletados o total de 588 espinturnic?deos. A ocorr?ncia do g?nero Cameronieta Machado-Allison, 1965 e da esp?cie Mesoperiglischrus natali (Furman, 1966), al?m de quatro novas associa??es (Periglischrus iheringi Oudemans, 1902 - Chiroderma vizottoi Taddei & Lim, 2010; Periglischrus micronycteridis Furman, 1966 - Micronycteris sanborni Simmons, 1996; P. paracutisternus Machado-Allison & Antequera, 1971 ? Trachops cirrhosus Spix 1823; Spinturnix americanus (Banks, 1902) - Myotis riparius Handley, 1960) s?o registradas pela primeira vez no Brasil. No cap?tulo III ? apresentado uma revis?o hist?rica da taxonomia de Cameronieta Machado-Allison, 1965 (Acari: Spinturnicidae), redefinindo o g?nero e considerando quest?es que envolvem a sistem?tica e biologia deste grupo. Foram examinadas mais de 300 amostras comparativas de Cameronieta coletadas no Cear? (Brasil), Michoacan (M?xico) e Falcon (Venezuela). Adicionalmente, Cameronieta almaensis n.sp. ? descrita em Pteronotus parnelli (Gray, 1843) e coletada da Reseva Serra das Almas, nordeste brasileiro, estado do Cear?, Brasil.

Submitted by DIEGO FARIA COLA null (coladf@gmail.com) on 2016-03-02T22:46:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao.pdf: 1500429 bytes, checksum: 0915c0a782a07bc716f94ac8d6e25db8 (MD5) / Rejected by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: Por favor verifique a numeração do arquivo submetido. O número de páginas está inconsistente com o sumário. A versão submetida é considerada a versão final da dissertação/tese, portanto não poderá ocorrer qualquer alteração após a aprovação. Caso a troca do arquivo no Repositório seja imprescindível, o aluno deverá entrar em contato com a Seção Técnica de Pós-Graduação de sua unidade e verificar quais os procedimentos necessários devem ser realizados para a substituição. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2016-03-04T13:53:10Z (GMT) / Submitted by DIEGO FARIA COLA null (coladf@gmail.com) on 2016-03-04T14:12:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao.pdf: 1500361 bytes, checksum: bff7d0721d385321109c2e58dfa5697a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-04T14:43:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cola_df_me_soro.pdf: 1500361 bytes, checksum: bff7d0721d385321109c2e58dfa5697a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-04T14:43:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cola_df_me_soro.pdf: 1500361 bytes, checksum: bff7d0721d385321109c2e58dfa5697a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O estudo de características e aplicações de estruturas em escala nanométrica passou a ter um grande interesse de pesquisadores das áreas médicas (humana e animal), ambiental e agrícola. Entre essas estruturas, destacam-se os nanocarreadores, que permitiram a melhoraria da biodisponibilidade de muitos compostos bioativos e a diminuição de possíveis efeitos toxicológicos. Além disso, evitar a ocorrência de altos prejuízos na agropecuária com o desenvolvimento de novos nanocarreadores voltados ao combate de endo e ectoparasitas causadores de grandes prejuízos aos pecuaristas. Fármacos como a Ivermectina e o Metopreno são utilizados no combate de ectoparasitas, no entanto, estes compostos possuem problemas relacionados à biodisponibilidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo preparar e caracterizar sistemas carreadores lipídicos, como as Nanopartículas Lipídicas Sólidas e os Carreadores Lipídicos Nanoestruturados a fim de melhorar e produzir alternativas para o uso destes compostos visando aplicações em veterinária. Na primeira etapa do trabalho foram preparadas e caracterizadas as nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas e os carreadores lipídicos nanoestruturados contendo os fármacos ivermectina e metopreno. As propriedades físico-químicas das suspensões coloidais, como, diâmetro, polidispersão, potencial zeta, pH e eficiência de encapsulação foram avaliadas em função do tempo. A eficiência de encapsulação alcançada foi acima de 99% para ambos os fármacos, sendo que as suspensões coloidais apresentaram estabilidade durante o período investigado. Os resultados do ensaio de citotoxicidade e genotoxicidade demonstram que as nanopartículas testadas para a encapsulação possibilitaram um aumento na viabilidade celular das células testadas, onde as nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas apresentaram menor toxicidade do que os carreadores lipídicos nanoestruturados. As nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas apresentaram tamanho médio de 285,6 ± 15,8 nm e os carreadores lipídicos nanoestruturados de 257,5 ± 7,4 nm. Todas os carreadores apresentaram morfologia esférica, sem formação de agregados e sem alterações morfológicas após a encapsulação. Portanto, os resultados deste trabalho demostraram que as nanopartículas apresentaram boas características coloidais e a presença ou ausência de drogas não provocam alterações nas características das nanopartículas, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de sistemas carreadores para estas drogas visando aplicações veterinárias. / The study characteristics and structures of applications in nanoscale have a great interest of researchers in medical areas (human and animal), environment and agriculture. Among these, the nanocarriers stand out, that allowed improve the bioavailability of many bioactive compounds and the reduction of potential toxicological effects, and prevent the occurrence of high losses in agriculture with the development of new nanocarriers aimed at fighting and endo ectoparasites causing great harm to farmers. Drugs such as Ivermectin and Methoprene are used to combat ectoparasites, however, these compounds possess bioavailability problems related. This study aimed to prepare and characterize lipid carrier systems, such as Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid carriers to improve and produce alternatives to the use of these compounds targeting applications in veterinary. In the first stage of the work we have been prepared and characterized the solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers containing the drug ivermectin or methoprene. The physico-chemical properties of colloidal suspensions such as, diameter, polydispersity, Zeta potential, pH and encapsulation efficiency were measured as a function of time. The encapsulation efficiency was achieved above 99% for both drugs, and colloidal suspensions were stable during the period investigated. The results of the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity test demonstrate that the tested nanoparticles for encapsulating allowed an increase in cell viability of test cells, where the solid lipid nanoparticles had lower toxicity than the nanostructured lipid carriers. The solid lipid nanoparticles have an average size of 285,6 ± 15,8 nm and nanostructured lipid carriers 257,5 ± 7,4 nm. All the carriers had spherical morphology without forming aggregates and without morphological changes after encapsulation. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrated that the colloidal nanoparticles showed good characteristics and the presence or absence of drug do not cause changes in the characteristics of the nanoparticles, allowing the development of carrier systems for drug targeting these veterinary applications. / FAPESP: 2013/24788-6

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-15T13:56:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Edson Moura da Silva.pdf: 652245 bytes, checksum: f0eb570c9444a12dc0034e3c5365c086 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T13:56:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edson Moura da Silva.pdf: 652245 bytes, checksum: f0eb570c9444a12dc0034e3c5365c086 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / Several wild animals are described as reservoirs, hosts and carriers of infectious and parasitic agents, especially the marsupials Didelphis genus, including the Didelphis albiventris. Due to the general and anthropic habit, this animal is recognized as a reservoir of various pathogens, especially Cryptosporidium spp. and Leishmania spp., besides serving as a carrier of arthropods that can parasitize domestic animals, wildlife and humans. Given this context, the objective of this study was to detect Cryptosporidium spp., Leishmania spp. and identify Ixodids in Didelphis albiventris. The capture was performed with the use of Tomahowk live trap. Physical containment was performed with the aid of appropriate leather gloves and chemical containment was performed with the association of Ketamine Hydrochloride (30 to 50 mg / kg / IM) and Xylazine (2 mg / kg / IM). A total of 40 animals were captured, 29 females and 11 males of free life belonging to the Metropolitan Mesoregion of Recife and the Micro-region of Araripina, Pernambuco, Brazil. Stool samples of the animals were subjected to centrifugal sedimentation technique in formalin-ether with subsequent staining Kinyoun method. Blood samples were also collected to investigate the infection by Leishmania spp. by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and are listed ectoparasites. As a result, it was observed that 15% (6/40) of the fecal samples of D. albiventris were parasitized with Cryptosporidium spp., demonstrating that they can act as important reservoirs of this parasite in the urban-wildland interface. None of the samples was positive for Leishmania spp. by PCR, noting that the animals are not part of the life cycle of this agent in studied areas. Ectoparasites found were rated as Ixodes loricatus, Amblyomma rotundatum and Amblyomma spp., being reported for the first time the parasitism by Amblyomma rotundatum in D. albiventris. / Vários animais silvestres são descritos como reservatórios, hospedeiros e carreadores de agentes infecciosos e parasitários, tendo como destaque os marsupiais do gênero Didelphis, dentre eles o Didelphis albiventris. Devido ao hábito generalista e antrópico, esse animal é reconhecido como reservatório de vários agentes patogênicos, destacando-se Cryptosporidium spp., e Leishmania spp., além de servir como carreador de artrópodes que podem parasitar animais domésticos, silvestres e o homem. Diante deste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar Cryptosporidium spp., Leishmania spp. e identificar Ixodídeos em Didelphis albiventris. Para captura foram utilizadas armadilhas tipo Tomahowk live trap. Um total de 40 animais foi capturado, sendo 29 fêmeas e 11 machos de vida livre pertencentes à Mesorregião Metropolitana do Recife e a Microrregião de Araripina, Pernambuco, Brasil. Amostras de fezes dos animais foram submetidas à técnica de centrífugo-sedimentação em formol-éter com posterior coloração pelo método de Kinyoun. Amostras de sangue também foram coletadas para investigar a infecção por Leishmania spp. pela Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), além de serem coletados ectoparasitas. Como resultado, foram observados que 15% (6/40) das amostras fecais dos D. albiventris estavam parasitadas com oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp., demonstrando que os mesmos podem atuar como importantes reservatórios deste parasita na interface urbano-florestal. Nenhuma das amostras foi positiva para Leishmania spp. pela PCR, ressaltando que os animais estudados não fazem parte do ciclo de vida desse agente nas áreas estududas. Os ectoparasitas encontrados foram classificados como Ixodes loricatus, Amblyomma rotundatum e Amblyomma spp., sendo relatado pela primeira vez o parasitismo por Amblyomma rotundatum em D. albiventris.

No description available.

BACKGROUND: Both endo- and ectoparasites pose a great challenge to the health of pigs worldwide, placing a significant burden on low-resource countries where veterinary care is minimal. As part of a larger clinical trial assessing the use of ivermectin (IVM) mass drug administration to humans and pigs for the control of malaria vectors in the Mopeia district in Mozambique, a longitudinal study to assess the impact of IVM administration on pig health was performed. METHODS: Beginning in March 2022, IVM was administered to pigs in the intervention area once a month for three consecutive months. Seventy pigs from the treatment group and 70 pigs from the control group were randomly selected for inclusion in the study. Fecal samples were collected monthly for three months and analyzed for the presence of strongyle eggs, strongyle eggs in the larval stage (strongyles – larval) and Ascaris suum using the modified McMaster test. Fecal samples were also collected two weeks after each dose of IVM was given to pigs in the treatment group for determination of a fecal egg reduction count. Juvenile pigs were measured twice a month for the first 3 months of the study, then once monthly for another three months. Visual exam for ectoparasites was performed on all pigs for the presence of ticks, lice or scabies at the same time points. RESULTS: Overall, 55% [95% CI: 48-62%] of pigs were positive for Ascaris suum, 95.2% [95% CI: 91-98%] were positive for strongyle eggs, and 72.5% [95% CI: 65.5-79%] were positive for strongyle – larval. A significant difference in the ivermectin treatment group was only seen one month after the second dose of ivermectin was administered: pigs in the treatment group had a 23.6% lower prevalence of strongyles (p = 0.003) and 18% lower prevalence of strongyles – larval (p = 0.03). Pigs in the treatment group also had lower EPG for Ascaris suum (diff = 102 EPG; p = 0.006), strongyles (diff = 642 EPG; p < 0.001), and strongyles - larval (diff = 217 EPG; p < 0.001). Analysis of covariance regression found no significant difference(P>0.05) in average daily weight gain (ADG) between the treatment and control groups. CONCLUSION: IVM delivered once monthly for three months has a small impact on pig health. To counteract the multiple health challenges pigs face in these settings, different dosing schedules along with education on husbandry issues related to nutrition and sanitation should be investigated in order to maximize impact on pig health. / Master of Science / A study was conducted in rural Mozambique in the district of Mopeia to determine the effectiveness of ivermectin against common parasites of swine when administered to pigs. The study began in March of 2022, at the beginning of rainy season, and ivermectin was given to pigs once a month for three months. Pigs were visited twice a month for the first three months, and then once a month for another three months. At various time points, fecal samples were collected, pigs were examined for evidence of ectoparasites (ticks, lice and scabies infestation), and young pigs were measured to determine their rate of growth. Fecal samples were analyzed for the presence of common internal parasites (endoparasites) affecting pigs in the area. The burden of endo and ectoparasites was estimated before any ivermectin was administered, and then compared in treated and untreated pigs over the course of the study. Similarly, the effect of ivermectin on growth rates in young animals was determined. The results of this study found that there was a high burden of common endoparasites in pigs in the Mopeia district, which was only minimally affected by the use of ivermectin delivered once a month. Among the treated pigs, a fecal egg count reduction test suggests that these parasites are potentially resistant to ivermectin, although other issues may be responsible for these results. The burden of ectoparasites was generally low (<10%), with ivermectin only significantly reducing the prevalence of ticks. Young animals that received ivermectin had a 15% increase in their growth rate, but this was not statistically significant. In conclusion, the use of ivermectin once a month for three months in pigs, as part of a malaria intervention, has some minimal positive health effects on treated pigs. Given the poor management practices, poor nutrition and lack of veterinary care in these pigs, it is likely that to have a greater impact on pig health, ivermectin will need to be delivered under a different dosing schedule and alongside owner education on pig management practices.