This thesis focuses on the edible fungus Lepista (Pied Bleu or Wood Blewit). Factors affecting its potential commercial cultivation were explored and a contribution to knowledge of the morphology and cultivation of Australian species of Lepista has been made. Australian collections of Lepista were made within a 200 km zone of Sydney. A study of the morphology and taxonomic species of these collections was undertaken. Intra- and inter-fertility crosses were completed with French L. nuda and L. sordida to determine genetic relationships and biological species. Suitable substrates for agar medium, spawn production and cultivation were explored. The response to temperature of French and Australian Lepista in vitro, and Australian Lepista under cultivation, using cold shock, was observed. The effect of modified atmosphere exchanges per hour, CO2 levels, and cold shock during the cultivation cycle and sporophore production were investigated. A genebank of Australian Lepista was established. Three species of Lepista were found in Australia : L. nuda, L. sordida and L. saeva. Two other groups of Lepista were identified. The use of A. bisporus compost appeared to be optimal for experimental and commercial applications. Australian isolates of Lepista tolerate higher temperatures than French isolates, and grew at double the rate of the French at all temperatures except 5 degrees centigrade. The length of the spawn run was reduced from 43-58 days to 12-16 days with introduced CO2 of 9,000-11,000 ppm, but an erratic cyclic pattern of net CO2 production occurred which could only be stabilised by increasing ventilation. This initial cyclic pattern appeared to inhibit subsequent sporophore formation. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Cristiane Suely Melo de Carvalho.pdf: 1370893 bytes, checksum: 46bf755ee5dee8613480145e68e439ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-17 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Ganoderma lucidum it is a fungus that arouses considerable interest worldwide because on their numerous properties, it is reported mainly for their medicinal power, and it may be used in the prevention and treatment of various diseases including cancer and AIDS. It is a mushroom that has the ability to thrive in a multitude of lignocellulosic wastes, since they produce lignocellulolytic enzymes, specialized to degrade this type of raw material. The G. lucidum species has several distinct lineages, and also nutritional requirements that vary in relation to the collection site and the type of substrate. Therefore, it is necessary to know the substrates, and the situation of the most suitable growing to the different strains of G. lucidum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of two strains of Ganoderma lucidum on agricultural waste as well as to perform chemical analyzes of basidiomata obtained in cultivation. The experiment was conducted at the premises of the module Mushrooms FCA / UNESP-Botucatu, SP, in which two strains were used: GLM-09/01 GLM and 10/02 both grown in waste, oat straw, bean straw, straw brachiaria grass Tifton straw and sawdust in two situations: with (20%) and without supplementation (0%) of wheat bran. All the waste came from dumps of agricultural activity resulting from Botucatu-SP. Both treatments were performed in 10 replications, totaling 200 packages. The cultivation of mushrooms totaled 95 days, later we assessed the biological efficiency of the treatments and it was performed and their chemical analysis of initial and residual substrates and basidiomata obtained. EB values (%) ranging from 0.0% to 6.7%. In the chemical analysis of the mushrooms, in the parameters, total protein, ether extract, crude fiber and ash, the results ranged from 8.7% to 13.7%, from 2.0% to 6.7%, 0.83% 1.79% to 38.8% and 54.5% respectively. Thus, it is concluded that from the substrates analyzed, those with the highest income were the base of straw brachiaria 20% in both strains tested (GLM 10/02 and GLM 09/01 and bean straw to 20% GLM on 10/02 line. The mushrooms showed high levels of ether extract, ash and fiber and low protein content. / Ganoderma lucidum trata-se de um fungo que desperta bastante interesse mundial devido suas inúmeras propriedades medicinais, são relatados principalmente pelo seu poder medicinal, podendo ser utilizados na prevenção e tratamento de diversas doenças incluindo o câncer e AIDS. É um cogumelo que apresenta a capacidade de desenvolver-se em diversos resíduos lignocelulósicos, pelo fato de produzirem enzimas lignocelulolíticas, especializadas em degradar esse tipo de matéria-prima. A espécie G. lucidum, apresenta diversas linhagens distintas, cujas exigências nutricionais que variam em relação ao local de coleta e ao tipo de substrato. Assim, torna-se necessário conhecer os substratos e a situação de cultivo mais adequados as diferentes linhagens de G. lucidum. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produção de duas linhagens de Ganoderma lucidum em resíduos agrícolas, bem como realizar a caracterização físico-química dos basidiomas obtidos no cultivo. O experimento foi conduzido nas instalações do Módulo de Cogumelos da FCA/UNESP-Botucatu, SP. As linhagens utilizadas foram GLM-09/01 e GLM 10/02. Os resíduos utilizados na cultura foram palha de aveia, palha de feijão, palha de capim braquiária, palha de capim tifton e serragem de eucalipto, todos em duas situações: com (20%) e sem suplementação (0%) de farelo de trigo. Todos os resíduos foram provenientes de despejos da atividade agrícola decorrente do município de Botucatu-SP. Os tratamentos foram realizados em 10 repetições, totalizando 200 pacotes. O cultivo totalizou 95 dias. Avaliou-se a eficiência biológica dos tratamentos e realizou-se a caracterização físico-química dos substratos inicial e residual e também dos basidiomas obtidos. Os valores de EB (%) variaram de 0,0% a 6,7%. Nas analises da composição centesimal dos cogumelos, os parâmetros, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, cinzas e fibra bruta, os resultados variaram de 8,7% a 13,7%, de 2,0% a 6,7%, de 0,83% a 1,79% e de 38,8% a 54,5% respectivamente. Dos substratos analisados, os que apresentaram maior rendimento foram os formulados à base de palha de braquiária (20%) em ambas as linhagens testadas (GLM-09/01 e GLM 10/02) e palha de feijão (20%) na linhagem GLM 10/02. Os cogumelos apresentaram teores elevados de lipídios, fibras e cinzas e baixo teor de proteínas.