Este trabalho estuda o campo da edição de texto na produção editorial de livros no Brasil. O objetivo é apontar algumas distinções necessárias às pesquisas acadêmicas sobre edição de textos, e importantes para a formação de pesquisadores e profissionais. A proposta centra-se nas principais etapas (edição de texto, preparação de originais e revisão de provas) que compõem o processo por que passa um texto a ser transformado em livro. Parte-se de análise dos manuais de editoração e de pesquisas acadêmicas que tangenciam o tema. E articula-se um diálogo entre alguns trabalhos acadêmicos das áreas de psicolinguística e psicologia cognitiva sobre leitura em suas relações possíveis com os estudos em editoração e a experiência empírica dos editores de texto. Contribui-se, assim, para o aprimoramento dos conhecimentos sobre a edição de texto, entre eles: as etapas, os objetivos principais e secundários, as estratégias, as tarefas e um conjunto de elementos necessários para que um profissional atue como editor de texto consciente de sua intervenção. / It is the purpose of this thesis to study the field of text-editing in the Brazilian book publishing industry. Its main aim is to point out a few distinctions deemed necessary not only to the academic research but also to the formation of researchers and professionals in this particular field of study and work. In order to achieve this goal, the main phases the text goes through on its way to becoming a book -- text-editing, copy-editing and proofreading -- are here taken into account and characterized. Examining the available manuals and academic papers on the book editing field is the starting point of this research. It then goes on to promoting a dialogue between the book editing field and other areas of expertise, such as psycholinguistics and cognitive psychology, that also deal with the process of reading. The possible relationships this dialogue reveals and the actual praxis of text editing are then analyzed. Contributing to a better knowledge of what text-editing actually involves is therefore a primary aim of this thesis. It intends to shed some light on the specific phases, primary and secondary goals and strategies text-editing comprises, as well as on a series of elements needed not only for the praxis of text-editing itself but also for a more conscientious practice of this activity.

No description available.

Genome editing mediated by engineered nucleases, including Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems, holds great potential in a broad range of applications, including biomedical studies and disease treatment. In addition to creating cell lines and disease models, this technology allows generation of well-defined, genetically modified cells and organisms with novel characteristics that can be used to cure diseases, study gene functions, and facilitate drug development. However, achieving both high efficiency and high specificity remains a major challenge in nuclease-based genome editing. The objectives of this thesis were to optimize the design of TALENs to achieve high on-target cleavage activity, and analyze the off-target effect of CRISPR/Cas to help achieve high specificity. Based on experimental evaluation of >200 TALENs, we compared three different TALEN architectures, proposed new TALEN design rules, and developed a Scoring Algorithm for Predicting TALEN Activity (SAPTA) to identify optimal target sites with high activity. We also performed a systematic study to demonstrate the off-target cleavage by CRISPR/Cas9 when DNA sequences contain insertions or deletions compared to the RNA guide strand. Our results strongly indicate the need to perform comprehensive off-target analysis, and suggest specific guidelines for reducing potential off-target cleavage of CRISPR/Cas9 systems. The studies performed in this thesis work provide important insight and powerful tools for the optimization of engineered nucleases in genome editing, thus making a significant contribution to biomedical engineering and medical applications.

No description available.

No description available.

by Cheung Kwai-yeung. / Includes bibliographical references / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1986

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

The goal of fully decoding how the brain works requires a detailed wiring diagram of the brain network that reveals the complete connectivity matrix. Recent advances in high-throughput 3D electron microscopy (EM) image acquisition techniques have made it possible to obtain high-resolution 3D imaging data that allows researchers to follow axons and dendrites and to identify pre-synaptic and post-synaptic sites, enabling the reconstruction of detailed neural circuits of the nervous system at the level of synapses. However, these massive data sets pose unique challenges to structural reconstruction because the inevitable staining noise, incomplete boundaries, and inhomogeneous staining intensities increase difficulty of 3D reconstruction and visualization. In this dissertation, a new set of algorithms are provided for reconstruction of neuronal morphology from stacks of serial EM images. These algorithms include (1) segmentation algorithms for obtaining the full geometry of neural circuits, (2) interactive segmentation tools for manual correction of erroneous segmentations, and (3) a validation method for obtaining a topologically correct segmentation when a set of segmentation alternatives are available. Experimental results obtained by using EM images containing densely packed cells demonstrate that (1) the proposed segmentation methods can successfully reconstruct full anatomical structures from EM images, (2) the editing tools provide a way for the user to easily and quickly refine incorrect segmentations, (3) and the validation method is effective in combining multiple segmentation results. The algorithms presented in this dissertation are expected to contribute to the reconstruction of the connectome and to open new directions in the development of reconstruction methods.