abstract: The traditional newspaper industry has been under tremendous pressure in recent years due to the emergence and growth of new media. Experiencing of a fast-shrinking market share, many traditional newspaper companies are either pushed out of business or are forced to innovate and reform. In this thesis, I investigate the organizational changes at one of the largest newspaper groups in China, particularly regarding its incentive systems as the group adjusts its business scopes under both internal and external institutional constraints. Publishers of newspapers were traditionally considered non-profit organizations or social institutions in China. Because of their focus on social goals, their activities were not market driven, including the incentive systems for editorial staff members who were central to the content of the newspapers. As the competition from market-driven new media companies increased, many traditional newspaper organizations started to transform themselves into profit-seeking companies. To survive and grow stronger in the new environment, the traditional newspaper industry needs to effectively motivate its workforce by implementing an effective incentive system for the editorial staff. In this study I first explain the difficulities the traditional newspaper organizations face to implement an incentive system that both satisfies media’s social responsibility and creates sufficient incentive for for editorial staff. Next, I provides a brief history of the reforms occurred in the Chinese newspaper industry in general and the reforms in Shanghai in particular. I then conduct in-depth case analyses of the incentive systems adopted by four successful companies, including one U.S. media company, two Chinese media groups, and one private non-media company in China. Based on the findings from these case analyses and a demographic analysis of the challenges in motivating editorial staff, a new incentive system is designed and implemented in a major newspaper/media group in Shanghai, followed by a survey of its effects on the editorial staff months later. According to the survey, I find that editorial staff members are generally positive about the reforms that have been carried out at this media group, reinforcing the confidence of the group’s leaders in continuing to push the reforms forward. This study concludes by proposing a framework that can be used to guide the transformation of the traditional newspaper organizations to market-driven new media companies. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2016

<p><strong>Title: </strong>Ethics in thought and practice – a qualitative study in how editorial staff at student magazines reason about ethics. (Etik i tanke och praktik – en kvalitativ studie i hur studenttidningsredaktioner resonerar kring etik)</p><p><strong>Number of pages: </strong>30 (37 including enclosures)<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Author: </strong>Bianca Gideback<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Tutor: </strong>Peder Hård af Segerstad<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Course: </strong>Media and Communication studies C<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Period: </strong>Spring 2010<strong></strong></p><p><strong>University: </strong>Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science,</p><p>Uppsala University.</p><p><strong>Purpose/Aim: </strong>The purpose of this study is to explore how students that work at student magazines reason about ethics of journalism and how they transform it into practice. By identifying what circumstances in the context of the student magazine that can affect the work this study aim to see if and how this can affect how they conform to ethics of journalism in practical situations. The result will be presented in relation to a figure of the context of the reporter practice. The figure contains four different aspects that can affect the work of a journalist. These are ideals, values, conditions, and consequences.</p><p><strong>Material/Method: </strong>The materials consist of four interviews with the editors in chief of four student magazines in Uppsala.<strong> </strong>Two of the magazines are union magazines, the union of Uppsala economic students and the union of Uppsala law students. One is a magazine that belongs to Norrlands nation and one belongs to the Uppsala student union. The interviews aim to find out opinions and ideas the editors have about their own ethical approach.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Main results: </strong>There is awareness about ethics and certain ways the editorial staff work with it, but it’s not always adapted to the actual work. Because of different reasons in the context the magazine is created in, the work sometimes get affected. Responsibility is one main thing that can affect how ethical they choose to be, and since the students often work voluntarily this can affect the work. The content of the magazine is not always so extreme and controversial so in some extent the magazines can afford not to be so ethical all the time.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Ethics of journalism, editorial staff, student magazine, ideals, values, conditions, consequences.</p>

Title: Ethics in thought and practice – a qualitative study in how editorial staff at student magazines reason about ethics. (Etik i tanke och praktik – en kvalitativ studie i hur studenttidningsredaktioner resonerar kring etik) Number of pages: 30 (37 including enclosures) Author: Bianca Gideback Tutor: Peder Hård af Segerstad Course: Media and Communication studies C Period: Spring 2010 University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University. Purpose/Aim: The purpose of this study is to explore how students that work at student magazines reason about ethics of journalism and how they transform it into practice. By identifying what circumstances in the context of the student magazine that can affect the work this study aim to see if and how this can affect how they conform to ethics of journalism in practical situations. The result will be presented in relation to a figure of the context of the reporter practice. The figure contains four different aspects that can affect the work of a journalist. These are ideals, values, conditions, and consequences. Material/Method: The materials consist of four interviews with the editors in chief of four student magazines in Uppsala. Two of the magazines are union magazines, the union of Uppsala economic students and the union of Uppsala law students. One is a magazine that belongs to Norrlands nation and one belongs to the Uppsala student union. The interviews aim to find out opinions and ideas the editors have about their own ethical approach. Main results: There is awareness about ethics and certain ways the editorial staff work with it, but it’s not always adapted to the actual work. Because of different reasons in the context the magazine is created in, the work sometimes get affected. Responsibility is one main thing that can affect how ethical they choose to be, and since the students often work voluntarily this can affect the work. The content of the magazine is not always so extreme and controversial so in some extent the magazines can afford not to be so ethical all the time. Keywords: Ethics of journalism, editorial staff, student magazine, ideals, values, conditions, consequences.

This diploma thesis deals with a detailed analysis of the daily Rudé právo in 1951 - 1960. It is focused in detail on leading representatives of the Communist Party and their impact on the situation in the former Czechoslovakia in ´50s, as well as on significant events in this period. The work will consist in comparing the real facts and distorted facts about personalities and events of that time as they were presented by Rudé právo as the propaganda newspaper of the Communist Party. The main aim of the thesis is to make a reader aware of the impartiality of Rudé právo which played a dominant role in the former media scene and greatly influenced the general public who did not have the opportunity to compare information with other news. It is important as well to the reader understand how powerful the media had already been that time, when Rudé právo was able to significantly support a cult of personality mainly around Klement Gottwald and J. V. Stalin, when a reader had no opportunity to gain any information than what the governance of communist Czechoslovakia wanted to. Besides the already mentioned cults of personalities the work will deal with propaganda of communism, the Soviet Union and the anti-Americanism which was propagated mainly between 1950 - 1953 in almost every issue of the newspaper. After reading this thesis, the reader should understand the content of Rudé právo and its importance. He should realize that the main aim was to arouse belief of the citizens of Czechoslovakia that "Western world", especially the United States, is an enemy that wants to control the whole world and that its leaders are the aggressors and the enemies of peace. The Soviet Union and its leaders should then be the protection against so-called warmongers from the USA. Due to then lack of information it was very difficult for an average working Czechoslovak reader to know that the reality was quite the opposite.

Abstract In my dissertation I study the language planning knowledge, language planning practices and language planning discourses of the editorial staff. In 2002 and 2004 I sent a questionnaire and got 232 answers via e-mail from local papers, other Finnish newspapers and Finnish Broadcasting Company. I research what kind of language planning knowledge the respondents have, how they regard the language planning of the standard Finnish language, what kind of language planning discourses the editorial staff constructs and what kind of language attitudes can be read from those discourses. The problems with language planning often relate to compounds and commas. The spelling checker of the word processing program is often used. One must sometimes bend the rules, e.g. in the language of advertising. The local dialects and common speech are allowed to be used with some definings. The language feedback is rare and often negative. In some places the language planning atmosphere is getting better. It also might be that there are no language planning principles at all among editorial staff. I study the language planning discourses in the context of folk linguistics analysing the answers with the content analysis and critical discourse analysis. My focus is in the answers to the question Why [do you consider language planning very important, quite important or not so important]? Up to about 97 % of my informants consider language planning either very important or quite important. The discourses of quality, interaction, responsibility, tool, emotion and cherishing are activated. The aspect of interaction and communication gets highlighted. It seems that education effects positively the attitudes concerning language planning, though the opinions vary. / Tiivistelmä Tutkin väitöskirjassani toimitushenkilökunnan kielenhuoltotietoja, -käytäntöjä ja diskursseja. Keräsin aineiston vuosina 2002 ja 2004 lähettämällä sähköpostikyselyn suomenkielisten paikallislehtien ja sanomalehtien sekä Yleisradio Oy:n uutis- ja ajankohtaistoimitusten henkilökunnalle. Aineistoni koostuu 232 vastauslomakkeesta. Selvitän tutkimuksessani, millaisia toimitushenkilökunnan kielenhuoltotiedot ovat, miten se suhtautuu suomen kielen standardin huoltoon, millaisia kielenhuoltodiskursseja toimitushenkilökunta rakentaa ja millaisia kieliasenteita niistä voidaan lukea. Yleisimmät kielenhuolto-ongelmat liittyvät yhdyssanoihin ja pilkkuihin, ja useimmin kielenhuollon apuneuvoista on käytössä oikolukuohjelma. Kielenhuoltoperiaatteista joudutaan usein joustamaan ilmoituksenteossa, ja paikalliset murteellisuudet tai puhekielisyydet saavat näkyä teksteissä tietyin rajauksin. Yleisöpalaute kielestä on vähäistä ja usein kielteistä. Joissakin toimituksissa kielenhuoltoilmapiiri on ollut aineistonkeruuhetkellä paranemaan päin. Toisaalta vastauksista ilmenee, että yhteisiä kielenhuoltoperiaatteita ei kaikissa toimituksissa ole. Tarkastelen aineistossani aktivoituvia kielenhuoltodiskursseja kansanlingvistisestä näkökulmasta analysoimalla sisällönanalyyttisesti ja diskurssianalyyttisesti informanttieni vastauksia Miksi [pidätte kielenhuoltoa erittäin, melko tai ei kovin tärkeänä]? -kysymykseen. Peräti noin 97 % vastanneista pitää kielenhuoltoa erittäin tai melko tärkeänä. Vastaajat aktivoivat laatu-, vuorovaikutus-, vastuu-, väline-, tunne- ja vaalimisdiskursseja. Vuorovaikutuksen ja tiedonvälityksen näkökulma korostuu aineistossa. Koulutustaustan arvellaan vaikuttavan myönteisesti kielenhuoltoasenteisiin, vaikka asiasta on myös vastakkaisia mielipiteitä.