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The development of the western leadership theories is currently toward ¡§Transformational Leadership.¡¨ However, owing to the culture differences, the results testified in the theory of ¡§Transformational Leadership¡¨ are not completely suitable for Chinese society. Thus, domestic scholars develop the theory of ¡§Paternalistic Leadership¡¨ according to tradition of Chinese culture and family system. In addition, the coordinate culture of military units focuses on rank submission, guide, and help. Although the difference of authority between commanders and subordinates is large, the leaders still have to need the nurture of ¡§Convincing People by Good¡¨ which is exactly the ideal of ¡§Paternalistic Leadership¡¨; however, the formations of the earth village concepts and diversified thoughts of the e-age have forced military leaders to face the issue how to adapt themselves to improve leadership efficiency. Therefore, related research is required. The method of two standardized phases is applied to this research. For the first phase, the use of individual interview is for qualitative analysis, and then that of questionnaires is for quantitative analysis. Conclusions of this research show as follows: 1. ¡§Paternalistic Leadership¡¨ style is more appropriate for military units. ¡§Authoritarian Leadership¡¨ only has negative influence. 2. The core of ¡§Paternalistic Leadership¡¨ is ¡§Lead People by Good.¡¨ Meanwhile, ¡§Unselfish Model¡¨ is the key to ¡§Lead People by Good.¡¨ 3. As the diverse perspectives between leaders and subordinates, they have different feeling for ¡§Alternating Weakness with Severity.¡¨ 4. The situation of depreciating subordinates¡¦ contribution by leaders of military units is not found. Finally, the following suggestions have been made to effectively enhance leadership efficiency of military members: 1. Just, equitable, and open conduct. 2. The attitude of real consideration and respect. 3. Effective communication and identification acquisition. 4. Lifetime learning and thorough self-examination.

Background Strategic alliances have become increasingly popular within the business world, they can be seen as a way to improve the total output of the firm. Over the last 10 years, the industry endured trying times, the most notable being the events of September 11, 2001. That event drastically changed airline traveling all across the world. It also showed the importance of collaborations in order to stay competitive. Star Alliance began in 1997 and has since then grown into the world’s largest airline alliance with a total market share of 25.1%. Purpose The raison d’être of this study is to quantify and analyze the augmentation of load factors over time, in terms of distribution, as they pertain to capacity performance of allied carriers within Star Alliance. Method In order to fulfill the purpose, a deductive approach to the research has been taken. Furthermore, due to the nature of the data, a quantitative approach has been used within. Two hypotheses will be stated and several research questions as well. Result It can be clearly seen that distribution of load factors has transformed during the years. There is a shift in both the skewness and the kurtosis of the distributions that can be seen when examining the frequency distribution charts. The kurtosis increases and the skew decreases, measures that are positive for the airlines, while the anomalies of 0% and 100% load factor have remained stable throughout the years. A general increase in the average load factors has also been seen. Conclusion By analyzing the empirical findings, it is clear that the load factor of the allied members has increased and that the proportion of the denied boardings decreased in relation to the average load factor. This means that the alternative hypothesis was accepted in the first hypothesis and that the second alternative hypothesis was accepted in the second hypothesis. The research also reveals a generally increased mean which together with the changes in the skew and kurtosis lead to an acceptance of the beta distribution. Furthermore, higher load factors were shown to have a strong correlation with the increase in efficiency and decrease in overselling.

<p>Background</p><p>Strategic alliances have become increasingly popular within the business world, they can be seen as a way to improve the total output of the firm. Over the last 10 years, the industry endured trying times, the most notable being the events of September 11, 2001. That event drastically changed airline traveling all across the world. It also showed the importance of collaborations in order to stay competitive. Star Alliance began in 1997 and has since then grown into</p><p>the world’s largest airline alliance with a total market share of 25.1%.</p><p>Purpose</p><p>The raison d’être of this study is to quantify and analyze the augmentation of load factors over time, in terms of distribution, as they pertain to capacity performance of allied carriers within Star Alliance.</p><p>Method</p><p>In order to fulfill the purpose, a deductive approach to the research has been taken. Furthermore, due to the nature of the data, a quantitative approach has been used within. Two hypotheses will be stated and several research questions as well.</p><p>Result</p><p>It can be clearly seen that distribution of load factors has transformed during the years. There is a shift in both the skewness and the kurtosis of the distributions that can be seen when examining the frequency distribution charts. The kurtosis increases and the skew decreases, measures that are positive for the airlines, while the anomalies of 0% and 100% load factor have remained stable throughout the years. A general increase in the average load factors has also been seen.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>By analyzing the empirical findings, it is clear that the load factor of the allied members has increased and that the proportion of the denied boardings decreased in relation to the average load factor. This means that the alternative hypothesis was accepted in the first hypothesis and that the second alternative hypothesis was accepted in the second hypothesis. The research also reveals a generally increased mean which together with the changes in the skew and kurtosis lead to an acceptance of the beta distribution. Furthermore, higher load factors were shown to have a strong correlation with the increase in efficiency and decrease in overselling.</p>

Bioenergy is one of many contributors to reducing the use of fossil fuels in order to mitigate climate change by decreasing CO2-emissions, and the potential for biofuels are large. The wood fuel pellets are a refined biofuel made of sawdust, which is dried and compressed to achieve improved fuel and transportation properties. In 2007 the amount of wood fuel pellets used for heating purposes in Sweden was 1715000 tons. The aims of this work was: to examine the moisture content and emission of monoterpenes during the drying and pelletising steps of the pellets production (Paper I); to investigate how the recirculation of drying gases affects the energy efficiency of rotary dryers and how the energy efficiency is related to the capacity of the dryer. (Paper II); to analyse the causes of the problems encountered by household end-users of pellets and investigate whether an improved pellet quality standard could reduce these problems (Paper III); to investigate how the energy consumption of the pelletising machine and chosen pellet quality parameters were affected using an increased amount of rapeseed cake in wood fuel pellets (Paper IV); and to identify gaps of knowledge about wood fuel pellet technology and needs for further research on quality, environmental and health aspects throughout the wood fuel pellet chain, from sawdust to heat. (Paper V).

<p>The meaning of this study was to find out if the restructure of Televerket to Telia AB was effective in an economic point of view. The mayor work in this essay is concentrated to the studies around efficency and privatizations.</p>

The meaning of this study was to find out if the restructure of Televerket to Telia AB was effective in an economic point of view. The mayor work in this essay is concentrated to the studies around efficency and privatizations.

abstract: Immigration courts fail to live up to courtroom ideals. Around 2009, proposals were offered to address the problems of these troubled courts. My study illustrates the inevitable linkage between court reform proposals and conceptions of fairness and efficiency, and ultimately justice. I ask: (1) From the perspective of attorneys defending immigrants' rights, what are the obstacles to justice? How should they be addressed? And (2) How do proposals speak to these attorneys' concerns and proposed resolutions? The proposals reviewed generally favor restructuring the court. On the other hand, immigration (cause) lawyers remain unconvinced that current proposals to reform the courts' structure would be successful at addressing the pivotal issues of these courts: confounding laws and problematic personnel. They are particularly concerned about the legal needs and rights of immigrants and how reforms may affect their current and potential clients. With this in mind, they prefer incremental changes - such as extending pro bono programs - to the system. These findings suggest the importance of professional location in conceptualizing justice through law. They offer rich ground for theorizing about courts and politics, and justice in immigration adjudication. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Justice Studies 2013

The annual phytoplankton bloom is an important marine event. Its annual variability can be easily recognized by ocean-color satellite sensors through the increase in surface Chlorophyll-a concentration, a key indicator to quantitatively characterize all phytoplankton groups. However, a common problem is that the satellites used to gather the data are obstructed by clouds and other artifacts. This means that time series data from satellites can suffer from spatial data loss. There are a number of algorithms that are able to reconstruct the missing parts of these images to varying degrees of accuracy, with Data INterpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions (DINEOF) being the most popular. However, DINEOF has a high computational cost, taking both significant time and memory to generate reconstructions. We propose a machine learning approach to reconstruction of Chlorophyll-a data using a Variational Autoencoder (VAE). Our method is 3-5x times faster (50-200x if the method has already been run once in the area). Our method uses less memory and increasing the size of the data being reconstructed causes computational cost to grow at a significantly better rate than DINEOF. We show that our method's accuracy is within a margin of error but slightly less accurate than DINEOF, as found by our own experiments and similar experiments from other studies. Lastly, we discuss other potential benefits of our method that could be investigated in future work, including generating data under certain conditions or anomaly detection. / Graduate

Detta examensarbete inom utbildningen Civilingenjör arkitektur inriktning husbyggnad vid Luleå tekniska universitet har fokuserat på att anpassa Le Corbusiers Unité d’Habitation till ett skandinaviskt klimat för att skapa en nära nollenergibyggnad, tänkt att placeras i Norrbotten. Unité d'Habitation är en multifunktionsbyggnad som innehåller element från den sovjetiska kollektivismen och Le Corbusiers idé var att designa en byggnad som innehöll en hel stads funktioner, såsom lägenheter, butiker, en restaurang, ett konstgalleri och ett bibliotek mm. för att minska restiderna och inge en större gemenskap bland de boende. Med hjälp av sina radikala idéer skapade Le Corbusier genom detta projekt, en ikonisk brutalismbyggnad och en arkitektonisk referens av stor betydelse för hans arkitekturarv som jag har studerat genom mitt examensarbete.  Projektet begränsades till att designa och konstruera en modern version av Unité d'Habitation anpassad till ett skandinaviskt klimat och vara byggd i hållbara material, som kunde godkännas enligt BBR som en nära nollenergibyggnad, vilket verifierades genom beräkningar med stöd av statistiska data från andra energieffektiva flerbostadshus i norra Sverige. Det har tagit Boverket över fem år att implementera ett fungerande ramverk för nära nollenergibyggnader, vilket används idag genom BBR 29 i Sverige. Slutsatsen av en grundlig forskningsprocess blev att man med tjock isolering, installation av ett FTX-ventilationssystem för återvinning av värmen i frånluften och genom att installera solpaneler för lokal energiproduktion mm. skulle kunna möjliggöra en sådan byggnad, inspirerad av tidigare referensexempel av t.ex. Ralph Erskine och andra moderna energieffektiva byggnader i Sverige. Beräkningarna visade att byggnaden är ca 89 % självförsörjande på energi med hänsyn till värme- och varmvattenbehov. Det är därför troligt att minimivärdet i BBR om EPPET  = 0,75 kwh/ kvm per år uppfylls med marginal. Minimikravet på Um värde i BBR 29 om 0,4 W/ (m2 K) skulle sannolikt också vara lätt att nå med tanke på att väggarnas uppbyggnad och de energibesparande åtgärder som vidatagits liknar ett passivhus, vilket mina beräkningar också visat.  Byggnaden ritades med ett betongpelarsystem likt Le Corbusiers byggnad, men istället för att genomgående konstrueras i betong används en träpanelfasad konstruerad av limträreglar med 380 mm mineralullsisolering för att möta hårdare energikrav. Den söderorienterade byggnaden har formen av en trapets och med inglasade, öppningsbara terrasser i söder för att förhindra överhettning på sommaren. Inglasningen är täckt med en remsa av solpaneler, vilket även inkluderar taket förutom i norr, samt delvis fasaderna till öst och väst för att göra byggnaden mer energieffektiv. Byggnaden har 10 våningar exklusive garage med 68 lägenheter, butiker, restaurang, gym, café, livsmedelsbutik, basketplan, apotek och spa för att nämna några funktioner. Liksom Le Corbusiers originalbyggnad ger den intrycket av att ha en upplöst fasad genom att balkongerna är indragna i byggnaden, vilket även fungerar som ett klimatskydd. Övriga balkonger samt entrén är även de klimatskyddade. Med prioritet på funktion, energieffektivitet och klimatanpassning, blir byggnaden väl lämpad för det kalla nordskandinaviska klimatet. / This bachelor thesis in Architectural Engineering on the subject of adapting Le Corbusiers Unité d’Habitation for a Scandinavian climate has focused on climate adapted architecture and energy efficiency measures to create a modern Scandinavian version of the building designed as a near-zero energy building meant to be constructed in Norrbotten, Sweden. It is my final work of my education in Architectural Engineering with specialization House Building at Luleå University of Technology. Unité d’Habitation is a multi-function building which contains elements from the Soviet collectivism and Le Corbusiers idea was to design a building containing the functions of a whole city within, such as apartments, stores, a restaurant, an art gallery and a library etc. to reduce travel times and to give a greater sense of community among the residents. Using his radical ideas, he created an architectural reference object of big importance for the brutalism movement and his architectural legacy, which I have studied for this climate adaptive project.  It has taken the Swedish Building-Code Authority, Boverket, nearly five years to implement a functioning framework for near-zero energy buildings that is used today. A thorough research process was concluded with that by using for ex. thick insulation, installing a FTX- ventilation system for recycling the heat in the outflow of air and by installing solar panels for local energy production, could make possible such a building inspired by earlier reference examples by Ralph Erskine and later modern buildings in Sweden.   The project was limited to design and construct a modern near-zero energy building inspired by Unité d’Habitation adapted to a Scandinavian climate using sustainable materials. This was verified by calculations using statistical data from other energy efficient multi-dwelling apartment buildings and by comparing the structure of the building to other modern energy-efficient buildings and to passive house regulations. The calculations showed that the building is about 89 % self-sufficient on energy with regard to heating and hot water demand. The required minimum Um - value of 0,4 W/ (m2 K) according to BBR 29, would probably also be easy to reach with good margin, considering that the walls and energy-saving measures taken is similar to that of a passive house which my calculations also have shown.  The new climate adapted building was designed with a pillar system in concrete like Le Corbusier’s original building but with a wood panel façade instead and with 380 mm internal insulation to improve the energy efficiency. Priority was set on function, energy efficiency and climate adaption for the building to fit the cold northern Scandinavian climate. The south-oriented building has the shape of a partly sloped trapezoid and with glazed terraces to the south. The glazing is sloped and covered with a strip of solar panels to make snow easier sliding down in the winter while also protecting the terraces. The glazing is openable to prevent overheating in the summer. The roof and the façade to the east and west are also completely or partly covered in solar panels. The building has 10 floors plus a garage, 68 apartments, a restaurant, gyms, a café, a basketball court, stores, a kinder-garden school, a grocery store, a pharmacy and a spa to mention a few functions. Like Le Corbusiers original building, the façade gives the impression of being dissolved by having the balconies retracted in the building which also serves as an effective climate protection.