Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 16, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-164).

Thesis (M.SC.) - Carleton University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-52). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Background and Scope: The scope of this thesis is to investigate the thermal behaviour of building components as hydronic radiator and multilayer walls subjected to dynamic conditions. The modelling and simulation of these building components provide information on how these components thermally interact among each other. The thermal interaction is fundamental to know how the energy is used in buildings. In particular, the thermal energy used in rooms can be expressed as the efficiencies for emission in a space heating system. This thesis analyzes the efficiencies for emission of a space heating system equipped with hydronic radiator for Swedish buildings by providing a comprehensive and detailed approach on this topic. Methodology: The methods used in this thesis are: experiment, modelling of multilayer wall and hydronic radiator, the dynamic simulation of the building and the efficiencies for emission of a space heating system. Here, the experiment, known as step response test, shows the heating up process of a hydronic radiator. The observation of the qualitative measurements suggests the most suitable technique of modelling the radiator known as transient modelling with multiple storage elements. The multilayer wall has been discretized both in space and time variable with a Finite Difference Method. Dynamic simulation of the building provides the efficiencies for emission of a space heating system. Findings: The experimental results show how the radiator performs the charging phase. The performance of the transient model is compared with lumped steady state models in terms of temperature of exhaust flow and total heat emitted. Results of the dynamic simulation show how buildings located in a Northern climate use the energy in a better way than Southern climates in Sweden. Heavy active thermal mass provides higher efficiencies for emission than light thermal mass. Radiators with connection pipes located on the same side react faster at the thermodynamic changing of the mass flow rate by providing higher efficiencies for emission than radiators with connection pipes located on the opposite side. Conclusion and Outlook: This thesis increases the knowledge about the modelling and simulation of hydronic radiators and multilayer walls. More research is needed on this topic to encompass modelling details of building components often ignored. The modelling and simulation of building components are the key to understand how building components thermally interact with each other. The thermal interaction among building components is a fundamental parameter for the assessment of efficiencies of emission of the space heating system. In the near future, the concept of efficiencies of emission can be implemented in National Building Code, therefore, this study provides guidelines on how to assess these efficiencies. / <p>Advisors: Ronny Östin and Mohsen Soleimanni Mohseni, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University</p>

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No abstract provided. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Scope and contents: The principal aim of the present investigation is to extend our knowledge of the merits and demerits of the mass spectroscopic method of solid analysis. This dissertation provides information concerning relative ionization efficiencies for several elements and factors which effect these efficiencies. Secondary purposes of this work are 1) to make an independent determination of the temperature of the vacuum spark, 2) to resolve the current discrepancy concerning the value of the C3+/C2+ ratio from graphite electrodes in a spark and, finally, 3) to provide an accurate value for the Ni58/Ni60 abundance ratio.

Insect herbivory on forest canopies strongly affects ecosystem nutrient cycling and availability in a variety of ways, e.g. by changing the quantity, quality and timing of nutrient input to forest soils. A qualitative method for measurements of ingestion, egestion and exuviation rates of the insect Chrysomela tremulae on leaves of the hybrid Populus tremula x tremuloides were tested in this study with the aim to detect differences in relative nutrient cycling efficiencies. The assimilation efficiency (AD), efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) increased from 1st, through 2nd and 3rd instar larvae with generally higher efficiencies for nitrogen than carbon. Effects on nutrient limitations for the insect were also tested by increasing the C:N ratio of insect diet. A carbohydrate solution was painted onto leaves which resulted in a significant increase in C:N (p&lt;0.0001). This lead to a trend of lengthened developmental time for each ontogenetic stage, as well as higher ingestion rate and lower egestion- and exuviation rates. However, a different method of increasing the C:N ratio is recommended in future experiments since the leaves never truly absorbed the solution.

El sector construcción en la región Arequipa se encuentra en expansión. Un PBI sectorial que creció un 11.3% en los últimos diez años, aunado a un déficit de más de 89 mil viviendas, representan una oportunidad de crecimiento para las empresas del sector. Constructora Arequipa S.A., que se encuentra en plena expansión de sus operaciones de construcción, ve la necesidad de mejorar sus costos de operación, sin sacrificar sus eficiencias de gestión. Se ha identificado la provisión del concreto pre mezclado como una actividad crítica a mejorar, dado el sobrecosto por su adquisición a terceros, así como la falta de control que genera la dependencia hacia estos. Para ello, se propone la adquisición de dos máquinas para la producción de concreto: una auto hormigonera Carmix, destinada a obras a nivel de piso; y una planta de concreto Blend, que permitirá abastecer a las obras de pisos superiores. El proyecto incluye la contratación y capacitación del personal operador, así como programas de mantenimiento que garanticen su operatividad. Este proyecto será beneficioso: se reducirán los costos unitarios del concreto a nivel de piso y pisos superiores de 9.32% y 13.22%, respectivamente; se obtendrán ahorros a valor presente de S/ 496,317 en cinco años; se recuperará la inversión en el segundo año; y finalmente, se mejorarán los márgenes brutos y netos en un 10.43% y 20.82% en el primer año. Finalmente, se recomienda el monitoreo riguroso de la operación y sus costos, a fin de tomar las medidas correctivas oportunamente. / The construction sector in the Arequipa region is expanding. A sectorial GDP that grew 11.3% in the last ten years, together with a deficit of more than 89,000 houses, represent a growth opportunity for the companies in the sector. Constructora Arequipa S.A., which is in full expansion of its construction operations, sees the need to improve its operating costs, without sacrificing its management efficiencies. The provision of pre-mixed concrete has been identified as a critical activity to be improved, given the additional cost of its acquisition from third parties, as well as the lack of control generated by the dependence on them. For this purpose, it is proposed to acquire two machines for concrete production: a Carmix auto concrete mixer, intended for works at floor level, and a Blend concrete plant, which will supply concrete at upper floor level operations. The project includes the hiring and training of the operating personnel, as well as maintenance programs that guarantee its operability. This project will be beneficial: the unit costs of concrete at floor level and upper floors will be reduced by 9.32% and 13.22%, respectively; savings will be obtained at present value of S/. 496,317 in five years; the investment will be recovered in the second year; and finally, the gross and net margins will be improved by 10.43% and 20.82% in the first year, respectively. Finally, rigorous monitoring of the operation and its costs is recommended in order to take timely corrective measures. / Tesis

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-124).

Esta dissertação analisa a estrutura do controle da concentração empresarial prevista na Lei de Defesa da Concorrência brasileira e realizada pelo Sistema Brasileiro de Defesa da Concorrência (SBDC) a partir da perspectiva do consumidor. Considera a legislação atualmente em vigor e verifica sobretudo a atuação do Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE). Verifica o protocolo de apreciação da concentração pela Administração Pública, destacando a interpretação conferida ao artigo 54, § 3º da Lei 8.884/1994 e a sua efetividade. Analisa as formas de mensurar os benefícios decorrentes dos atos de concentração empresarial e de garantir que esses benefícios sejam distribuídos equitativamente entre os seus participantes e os consumidores ou usuários finais, como determina a Lei de Defesa da Concorrência. Os três capítulos que formam a presente dissertação apresentam as características das concentrações de empresas e do seu controle e analisam os principais modelos que têm pautado a atuação administrativa neste tema. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que crescem diuturnamente os atos de concentração de empresas apresentados ao CADE e que há um modelo específico de análise de eficiências, já utilizado pela autarquia, que demonstra de forma mais fidedigna a efetividade do requisito da distribuição equitativa dos benefícios decorrentes da concentração econômica entre os seus participantes e os consumidores ou usuários finais. / This work analyzes the structure of merger control under the Brazilian Antitrust Law as performed by the Brazilian Competition Defense System from the consumer perspective. It considers the currently legislation and checks the work of the Administrative Council for Economic Defense and checks the protocol of assessment of the merger by the Administration, highlighting the interpretation given to the article 54, § 3º of the Law 8.884/1994 and its effectiveness. The text looks at possible ways to measure the benefits of mergers and to ensure that these benefits are distributed equitably among its participants and consumers or final users, as required by the Antitrust Law. The three chapters that make up this work present the characteristics of merger and of their control and analyze the main models that have guided the administrative action in this regard. The results show that there is currently a growth of merger submitted to the Administrative Council for Economic Defense and that there is a specific model that analyses the efficiencies, already used by the Council, which shows more reliably the effectiveness of the requirement for equitable distribution of economic benefits arising from the merger between its participants and consumers or final users.

Esta dissertação analisa a estrutura do controle da concentração empresarial prevista na Lei de Defesa da Concorrência brasileira e realizada pelo Sistema Brasileiro de Defesa da Concorrência (SBDC) a partir da perspectiva do consumidor. Considera a legislação atualmente em vigor e verifica sobretudo a atuação do Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE). Verifica o protocolo de apreciação da concentração pela Administração Pública, destacando a interpretação conferida ao artigo 54, § 3º da Lei 8.884/1994 e a sua efetividade. Analisa as formas de mensurar os benefícios decorrentes dos atos de concentração empresarial e de garantir que esses benefícios sejam distribuídos equitativamente entre os seus participantes e os consumidores ou usuários finais, como determina a Lei de Defesa da Concorrência. Os três capítulos que formam a presente dissertação apresentam as características das concentrações de empresas e do seu controle e analisam os principais modelos que têm pautado a atuação administrativa neste tema. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que crescem diuturnamente os atos de concentração de empresas apresentados ao CADE e que há um modelo específico de análise de eficiências, já utilizado pela autarquia, que demonstra de forma mais fidedigna a efetividade do requisito da distribuição equitativa dos benefícios decorrentes da concentração econômica entre os seus participantes e os consumidores ou usuários finais. / This work analyzes the structure of merger control under the Brazilian Antitrust Law as performed by the Brazilian Competition Defense System from the consumer perspective. It considers the currently legislation and checks the work of the Administrative Council for Economic Defense and checks the protocol of assessment of the merger by the Administration, highlighting the interpretation given to the article 54, § 3º of the Law 8.884/1994 and its effectiveness. The text looks at possible ways to measure the benefits of mergers and to ensure that these benefits are distributed equitably among its participants and consumers or final users, as required by the Antitrust Law. The three chapters that make up this work present the characteristics of merger and of their control and analyze the main models that have guided the administrative action in this regard. The results show that there is currently a growth of merger submitted to the Administrative Council for Economic Defense and that there is a specific model that analyses the efficiencies, already used by the Council, which shows more reliably the effectiveness of the requirement for equitable distribution of economic benefits arising from the merger between its participants and consumers or final users.